H&e

Front 1

Cells were named by_______ in the year _____

Back 1

Robert Hooke

1665

Front 2

2 major parts of the cell are

Back 2

Nucleus & cytoplasm

Front 3

The nucleus when stained with H&E will show

Back 3

Dark blue to purple masses

Front 4

The nuclear membrane stains what color

Back 4

Crisp dark blue

Front 5

Nuclear pores can only be seen with what type of microscope?

Back 5

Electron microscopy

Front 6

The nucleolus can be seen with what type of microscope

Back 6

Electron microscopy & light micrograph

Front 7

The nucleolus produces what

Back 7

RNA

Front 8

Chromatin is seen under what microscope?

Back 8

Light microscopy

Front 9

Chromatin is known as what 2 types of chromatin?

Back 9

Heterochromatin (stable)

Euchromatine (non stable)

Front 10

What is shown in the photo above?

Back 10

The nucleolus

Front 11

What is shown in the photo above?the

Back 11

A row of nuclei

Front 12

The cytoplasm can be seen with what type of microscope?

Back 12

Light & electron

Front 13

Plasma membrane can be seen with what type of microscope?

Back 13

Electron microscopy

Front 14

When staining with H&E, plasma membrane is ________ seen.

Back 14

Rarely

Front 15

The 2 types of staining mechanisms are ______ & ______.

Back 15

Physical & chemical

Front 16

A Physical stain example is

Back 16

The fat stain

Front 17

Adsorption is defined as:

Back 17

Attraction for minute particles from surrounding solution. Bound by ionic, covalent, or hydrogen bonds

Front 18

3 most common types of bonds in staining

Back 18

Ionic

Covalent

Hydrogen

Front 19

Salt linkage is also known as

Back 19

Ionic or electrostatic bonding

Front 20

Ionic bonding occurs when

Back 20

When the dye and substance being dyed have opposite chargers causing an attraction

Front 21

Hydrogen bonding occurs when

Back 21

Covalent bonded hydrogen is attracted to strong electronegative charge.

Front 22

Covalent bonding occurs when

Back 22

Atoms share electrons

Front 23

Nuclear staining is not_______.

Back 23

Fully understood

Front 24

Nuclear staining occurs through 2 different mechanisms.

Back 24

1) staining done with basic dyes

2) staining done with dyes with metal mordants

Front 25

Nuclear Staining done with basic dyes depend on _________

Back 25

Presence of nucleus acids (DNA & RNA)

Front 26

Nuclear staining done with metal mordants occurs only if _______

Back 26

The nucleic acids have been removed (eg. decalcified tissue)

Front 27

Cytoplasmic staining is what type of staining?

Back 27

Non nuclear

Front 28

Cytoplasmic staining occurs when

Back 28

Proteins/charged groups are on the side chains of amino acids

Front 29

The isoelectric point (IEP) is termed when:

Back 29

The positive and negative charges are equal & there is no migration

Front 30

Substances attracting basic dyes are said to be

Back 30

Basophilic

Front 31

Substances attracting acid dyes are said to be

Back 31

Acidophilic

Front 32

Factors that affect due binding include (5):

Back 32

- pH

- temp

-increase in concentration

- salts

- fixatives

Front 33

What is the oxidation product of hematoxylin?

Back 33

Hematein, a weak anionic dye

Front 34

Ripening is defined as

Back 34

Oxidizing a dye naturally or chemically

Front 35

Define chromophore

Back 35

A group that confers the property of color

Front 36

Natural dye examples are:

Back 36

Carmine

Orcein

Saffron

Hematoxylin

Front 37

Progressive stains are used until...

Back 37

the desired intensity of color is achieved, then stopped

Front 38

Regressive staining is when

Back 38

The tissue is over stained then decolored

Front 39

Differentiated also means

Back 39

Decolored

Front 40

3 methods of differentiating are:

Back 40

1) weak acid solutions

2)excess mordant

3) using an oxidizer

Front 41

What is the most widely used nuclear stain?

Back 41

Hematoxylin

Front 42

Harris hematoxylin includes:

Back 42

Hematoxylin

Absolute ethyl alcohol

Ammonium aluminum sulfate

Distilled water

Mercuric oxide

Front 43

The oxidized dye for hematoxylin is

Back 43

Hematein

Front 44

Metachromatic is:

Back 44

When the tissue is stained a different color than the dye

Front 45

Polychromatic is:

Back 45

A single dye solution that dyes tissue components different colors

Front 46

Ionic bonds occur when

Back 46

Positive ions attract a negative molecule

Front 47

Covalent bonds occurs when

Back 47

Shared electrons between molecules

Front 48

Hydrogen bonds occur when

Back 48

Covalent interactions between hydrogen and molecules that have a strange electronegative charge

Front 49

Euchromatin:

Back 49

Loose DNA (doesn’t stain)

Front 50

Heterochromatin

Back 50

Clumped DNA (stains well)

Front 51

Common acid auxochromes:

Back 51

Sulfonic, carbonyl, hydroxyl

Front 52

Common basic auxochromes:

Back 52

Amino group (-NH2)

Front 53

methods for evaluating readiness:

Back 53

1) wine like smell w/ deep purple-red color

2) drop into tap water & see blueish black

3) drop on filter paper and see maroon spot with purple edge

(Over/under oxidation produces red/brown color)

Front 54

Basic dyes attributes:

Back 54

Positive dye ion, cationic dyes, auxochromes is amino group, chloride salt

Front 55

Acid dye attributes:

Back 55

Negative charge dye ion, anionic dyes, auxochromes are sulfonic, carboxyl & hydroxyl groups

Front 56

What fixative binds to eosin less

Back 56

Formaldehyde

Front 57

What takes in hematoxylin less

Back 57

Potassium dichromate

Front 58

Front (Term)

Back 58

Pale eosin staining is shown

Check pH levels, pH may be >5

Cut thicker sections, too thin

Front 59

Common acid auxochromes:

Back 59

Sulfonic, carbonyl, hydroxyl

Front 60

Common basic auxochromes:

Back 60

Amino group (-NH2)

Front 61

methods for evaluating readiness:

Back 61

1) wine like smell w/ deep purple-red color

2) drop into tap water & see blueish black

3) drop on filter paper and see maroon spot with purple edge

(Over/under oxidation produces red/brown color)

Front 62

Basic dyes attributes:

Back 62

Positive dye ion, cationic dyes, auxochromes is amino group, chloride salt

Front 63

Acid dye attributes:

Back 63

Negative charge dye ion, anionic dyes, auxochromes are sulfonic, carboxyl & hydroxyl groups

Front 64

What fixative binds to eosin less

Back 64

Formaldehyde

Front 65

What takes in hematoxylin less

Back 65

Potassium dichromate

Front 66

Front (Term)

Back 66

Pale eosin staining is shown

Check pH levels, pH may be >5

Cut thicker sections, too thin