Hdm Test 4: Zoonosis

Front 1

Sources of human pathogens

Back 1

People
Animals
Arthropods
environments

Front 2

an animal disease that is transmissible to humans

Back 2

zoonosis

Front 3

What role do humans often play with zoonotic infections?

Back 3

Accidental host

Front 4

Things to consider during history for zoonosis

Back 4

occupation, activities (camping, eating, swimming)

Front 5

Most common source of zoonoses

Back 5

pets

Front 6

Infections that have newly appeared in population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range

Back 6

emerging infectious disease

Front 7

2 viruses that bats carry

Back 7

Hendra virus and Nipah virus

Front 8

Source of SARS coronavirus

Back 8

bats

Front 9

transmission of zoonoses

Back 9

direct skin presentation
bites/scratches
inhalation
ingestion
vector-borne (mosquitoes, ticks, fleas)

Front 10

Possible source of leptospirosis

Back 10

contaminated water

Front 11

What do you need to use to visualize leptospira interrogans?

Back 11

dark field, silver stain, or fluorescence

Front 12

High risk areas for leptospirosis in developed countries

Back 12

Queensland, Australia
New Zealand
Hawaii

Front 13

For leptospirosis and contaminated water, what are the two main exposures?

Back 13

Recreational exposure and travel to endemic areas

Front 14

5 important clinical signs of leptospirosis

Back 14

conjunctival suffusion
hemorrhage (usually rash)
abdominal pain
hepatosplenomegaly (reversible liver failure)
edema

Front 15

Dx of leptospirosis

Back 15

culture (takes too long)
serology

Front 16

Tx of leptospirosis

Back 16

doxycycline (highly treatable)

Front 17

Common scratch diseases

Back 17

pastuerella
rabies
Bartonella (cat scratch disease)

Front 18

Bartonella is often transferred by what?

Back 18

fleas between cats, cats scratching humans

Front 19

What accounts for 13% of primary head and neck masses?

Back 19

cat scratch disease

Front 20

When does cat scratch fever become dangerous?

Back 20

fever

Front 21

Severe forms of cat scratch fever can have effects where?

Back 21

ocular
neurologic
Musculoskeletal (joints)

Front 22

Pathology seen in immunocompromised pts with cat scratch fever

Back 22

bacillary angiomatosis

Front 23

Dx of cat scratch fever

Back 23

Cat/flea contact
negative serology for other causes of lymphadenopathy

Front 24

Tx of cat scratch disease

Back 24

Treatable with antibiotics, varies based on presentation

Front 25

Warthin-Starry stain used to ID what disease bacteria?

Back 25

cat scratch disease

Front 26

Bartonella is what kind of gram staining?

Back 26

gram-

Front 27

Microbio of pasteurella

Back 27

gram- coccobacilli, aerobic and fac. anaerobic

Front 28

Common transmission of pasteurella

Back 28

mostly dog and at bites
licking of non-intact skin
human-to-human
vertical

Front 29

How soon does pasteurella present?

Back 29

within 24 hrs, pain and swelling prominent

Front 30

Severe manifestations of pasteurella

Back 30

bone/joint infections
Respiratory infections
(usually w/ underlying lung d)

Front 31

Dx/Tx of Pasteurella

Back 31

regular antibiotics

Front 32

Family of rabies virus

Back 32

rhabdovirus

Front 33

Rabies has 5 structural proteins. What is the outer glycoprotein that serves as the primary vaccine target?

Back 33

G protein

Front 34

Main receptor of rabies virus

Back 34

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Front 35

Pathogenesis of Rabies

Back 35

Retrograde travel up nerves to DR and CNS, then spreads from CNS to heart, skin, and other organs (especially salivary glands)

Front 36

Epidemiology of Rabies

Back 36

worldwide, mostly affects developing world

Front 37

Rabies sources in USA

Back 37

wild animals

Front 38

Which has the highest case fatality rate of any infectious disease?

Back 38

Rabies

Front 39

What needs to be used for dx of rabies?

Back 39

multiple tests, must contact CDC, all can be considered infectious

Front 40

Characteristic structures in infected neurons for Rabies pts

Back 40

Negri bodies

Front 41

Rabies prevention

Back 41

(Pre) Vaccine
(Post) Wound care, vaccine, Ig

Front 42

Where is the highest incidence of tularemia?

Back 42

Martha's vineyard

Front 43

Possible ways to receive tularemia

Back 43

contact, ingestion, inhalation, infected insects

Front 44

Microbio of francicella tulerensis

Back 44

small, aerobic, gram- coccobacilli

Front 45

What is interesting about the inoculum of tularemia?

Back 45

very small

Front 46

Where does F. tularensis replicate? What could help it evade this?

Back 46

Macrophages, has a capsule

Front 47

For Francisella tularensis, how do rabbits and rats differ for human transmission?

Back 47

Rabbits transport from ticks, rats through the water/soil

Front 48

Microbio of plague

Back 48

non-motile, non-spore forming gram-

Front 49

Transmission of yersinia pestis

Back 49

direct contact with rodents and fleas

Front 50

Which plague form can be spread through respiratory droplets?

Back 50

Pneumonic plague

Front 51

Most plague cases are found where in US?

Back 51

Southwest US

Front 52

location of Virulence factors of plague

Back 52

3 plasmids

Front 53

Why does the lab need to know if you suspect plague?

Back 53

Can be spread through aerosols

Front 54

Cause of Q fever

Back 54

Coxiella burnetii (grows in macrophage)

Front 55

Reservoir of Q fever

Back 55

birds, mammals, and arthropods

Front 56

Dx of Q fever

Back 56

serology (different during acute and chronic therapy)