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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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body's response to exposure to potential pathogen, hopefully leading to a long-term protective response
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active immunity
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created via the transfer of pre-formed antibodies to an individual
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passive immunity
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Ex of passive immunity transferred
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monoclonal antibodies, pooled polyclonal antibodies
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problems with passive immunity
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short lived, does not induce memory
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two vaccine considerations for animal bites
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tetanus and rabies
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common situations for passive immunity
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-protection against toxins (tetanus, botulism)
-Use of Rho-Gam -IVIg for deficiencies of humoral immune system -Specific antibodies (CMV, rabies, HepA, RSV) |
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killed or weakened prior to use as vaccine
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whole bacteria or virus vaccines
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produced by growing large numbers of virus or bacteria and killing them using heat or chemical fixation
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inactivated vaccines
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produced by repeated pasages of organism through cell culture or lab animals until a non-virulent organism is isolated
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attenuated, live vaccines
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uses of inactivated bacterial vaccines
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none in US
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use of inactivated viral vaccines
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flu, rabies, polio
May not be as good or as long-lived protection |
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use of attenuated, live viral vaccines
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effective and long term protection
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ex of live, attenuated viral vaccines (4)
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MMR
Chicken pox (varicella) Rotavirus Live influenza vaccine (oral) |
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Main attenuated bacterial vaccine (not here)
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BCG for Tb
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Concern with attenuated, live virus vaccines
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can infect cells (generates better Ab response)
Safety a concern in select patients (w/ immune deficiency) |
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Info needed to administer live virus vaccines in peds
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CD4 count, both total and percentage (>15%)
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2 main ex of purified antigen/subunit vaccines
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toxoids
purified polysaccharide antigens (conjugate vaccines) |
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disadvantages of purified antigen/subunit vaccines
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short shelf-life, difficulty to produce, failure to stim CTL response
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Ex of synthetic/recombinant antigen vaccines
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HepB vaccine
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potential use of live viral vector vaccines
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injection of Ab stim for autoimmune diseases
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Polyvalent/combo vaccines advantages
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fewer number of injections
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Additional substances in vaccines
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Adjuvants (to improve or stim response, like Alum salts)
Diluent (water/saline) Stabilizers (maintain potency) Antibiotics Preservatives (thimerosal) |
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2 diseases largely eliminated bc of human only disease
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smallpox, diphtheria
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challenges for routine childhood immunizations
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cost
# of injections acceptance of vaccines/immunizations Variable rates of immunization shortages |
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When is autism often diagnosed?
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first 2-3 years of life
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Contents of thimerosal
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mercury, no current evidence that thimerosal causes neuro defects
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