Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Transmission of enteric viruses
|
humans (via aquatic environment)
|
|
|
Common cause of viral gastroenteritis
|
Rota, noro, astro, adenovirus
|
|
|
# of capsids in rotavirus, how is this important?
|
3 capsids, stable to survive in GI tract; no envelope bc wouldn't last in GI tract
|
|
|
Structure of RNA inside rotavirus
|
segmented double stranded
|
|
|
Rotavirus pathogenesis
|
ingest, 2 days
-emesis -watery diarrhea for 4-8 days -large amounts of virus in stool |
|
|
enterotoxin in rotavirus
|
viral protein NSP4 acts as enterotoxin (affects Ca flux)
|
|
|
Ultimate risk of rotavirus infection
|
serious illness/death due to severe dehydration
|
|
|
Age of most severe symptoms of rotavirus
|
6mo-2yrs, most infected by age 5; not before 6mo due to maternal antibodies
|
|
|
Dx of rotavirus
|
Stool enzyme immunoassay or PCR
|
|
|
Rx for rotavirus
|
rehydration (fluids and electrolytes)
|
|
|
Prevention for rotavirus
|
good hygiene, infection control
|
|
|
Vaccine for rotavirus
|
Live, attentuated given orally
|
|
|
Intussusception
|
Infolding of the bowels (telescoping down, can lead to gut necrosis)
|
|
|
Sources of 2 rotavirus vaccines
|
bovine variant (RotaTeq)
Human (Rotarix) |
|
|
Presentation consistently on a daily basis (multiple people each day) is consistent with what?
|
Viral instead of bacterial toxin
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of norovirus
|
Acute: N/V, ab cramps, diarrhea, low grade fever, malaise, HA, myalgia
Lasts 2-3 days, resolves Shows changes in villi in jejunum |
|
|
Top cause of viral gastroenteritis for college age/young adult
|
norovirus
|
|
|
Structure of norovirus
|
small, no envelope, ss +RNA
|
|
|
Norovirus is likely in what settings?
|
Closed settings: cruise ships, college campuses, military bases, camps, restaurants
|
|
|
Dx of norovirus
|
newer assay for PCR
|
|
|
Astrovirus is common in what age/setting?
|
infants or elderly, usually pretty mild
|
|
|
Classic presentation of polio virus
|
Asymmetric presentation
|
|
|
Structure of picornaviruses
|
icosahedral virion, ss+RNA, no envelope
|
|
|
Clinical presentation of polio viruses
|
-Most asymptomatic
-Most mild and resolve quickly -major replication site in GI lymphoid tissue -Small number of infections with "mild" meningitis -Rarely results in poliomyelitis (7-14 days), an inflammatory viral disease of gray matter in SC |
|
|
Where does poliovirus affect when it causes muscle atrophy?
|
neurons, not muscle cells
|
|
|
Driving force of polio epidemic
|
-Tons of polio before 20th century, plenty of antibodies and prevented real issues
-Better hygiene, less exposure, maternal Ab wanes, infantile paralysis results (90% <5 yo) |
|
|
Info about inactivated poliovirus
|
Trivalent killed prep
-Primary inoculation + 2 boosters -Good IgG response -no secretory IgA induced -Protected against paralytic polio, but NOT wild type |
|
|
Info about Oral polio
|
Trivalent live mixture, 3 serotypes
-Live vaccine replicates, stim IgA in nasal and gut |
|
|
Current polio vaccine used in US
|
original Salk vaccine (killed prep)
-Return in 2000 b/c of a few paralytic polio cases |
|
|
Cause of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease
|
Non-polio Enterovirus
|
|
|
Non-polio enteroviruses
|
Coxscakie-A and B, Echo-, and enteroviruses; paraechoviruses
All ages (usually around 7 yo) |
|
|
Presentation of non-polio enteroviruses
|
Multiple
|
|
|
Dx of non-polio enteroviruses
|
Enterovirus PCR
|
|
|
Presentation of myocarditis
|
Coxsackie B virus
|
|
|
Rx for non-polio enteroviruses
|
Supportive, no vaccine
|
|
|
Which hepatitis viruses are enteric viruses?
|
HepA and HepE
|
