Hdm Test 2: Antimicrobial Review

Front 1

Process targeted by B-lactams

Back 1

cell wall synthesis

Front 2

Process targeted by glycopeptides

Back 2

cell wall synthesis

Front 3

Process targeted by bacitracin

Back 3

cell wall synthesis

Front 4

Process targeted by cycloserine

Back 4

cell wall synthesis

Front 5

Process targeted by phosphonomycin

Back 5

cell wall synthesis

Front 6

Process targeted by isoniazid and ethambutol

Back 6

MTB cell wall synthesis

Front 7

Process targeted by lipopeptides

Back 7

cell membrane integrity

Front 8

Process targeted by aminoglycosides

Back 8

translation

Front 9

Process targeted by tetracyclines

Back 9

translation

Front 10

Process targeted by macrolides

Back 10

translation

Front 11

Process targeted by lincosamides

Back 11

Translation

Front 12

Process targeted by Streptogrammins

Back 12

Translation

Front 13

Process targeted by Oxazolidinones

Back 13

translation

Front 14

Process targeted by fusidic acid

Back 14

translation

Front 15

Process targeted by mupirocin

Back 15

translation

Front 16

Process targeted by quinolones

Back 16

DNA synthesis

Front 17

Process targeted by Rifamycins

Back 17

RNA synthesis

Front 18

Process targeted by Sulfonamides

Back 18

Folate synthesis

Front 19

Process targeted by trimethoprim

Back 19

Folate synthesis

Front 20

Process targeted by diarylquinolines

Back 20

ATP synthesis

Front 21

Process targeted by nitrofurantoin

Back 21

prodrug

Front 22

Process targeted by metronidazole

Back 22

Prodrug

Front 23

Process targeted by pyrazenamide

Back 23

prodrug

Front 24

Resistance against B-lactams (3)

Back 24

B-lactamases
Alternative PBPs
Altered uptake in gram-negatives

Front 25

Resistance against glycopeptides (2)

Back 25

D-Ala-D-Lac
Thickened cell wall

Front 26

Resistance against Bacitracin (2)

Back 26

Increased phosphatase levels
Altered uptake in gram-negatives

Front 27

Resistance against cycloserine (2)

Back 27

Overexpression of Ala-racemase
Rare altered uptake

Front 28

Resistance against isoniazid (1)

Back 28

Catalse mutations

Front 29

Resistance against ethambutol (1)

Back 29

Increased EmbB levels

Front 30

Resistance against aminoglycosides (2)

Back 30

Inactivation (APH, AAC, ANT)
Altered membrane potential

Front 31

Resistance against tetracyclines (3)

Back 31

Inactivated by TetX
Altered drug target w/ribosomal protection
Altered uptake (efflux)

Front 32

Resistance against macrolides (2)

Back 32

Inactivated by MPH, ERE
Altered target with rRNA methylation (MLSB)

Front 33

Resistance against Lincosamides

Back 33

Altered target with rRNA methylation (MLSB)

Front 34

Resistance against streptogrammins

Back 34

Altered target by rRNA methylation
Gram+ efflux

Front 35

Resistance against Oxazolinidones

Back 35

Altered drug target (Cfr)

Front 36

Resistance against fusidic acid

Back 36

Altered target with FusA mutations

Front 37

Resistance against mupirocin

Back 37

Altered target by alternative Ile-tRNA synthase

Front 38

Resistance against quinolones

Back 38

Resistance against gyrAB or parCE mutations

Front 39

Resistance against rifamycins

Back 39

rpoB mutations

Front 40

Resistance against sulfonamides

Back 40

altered target, mutations in FoIP
Overproduced PABA

Front 41

Resistance against trimethoprim

Back 41

altered target by mutations in DHFR

Front 42

Resistance against nitrofurantoin

Back 42

altered target, loss of nitroeductase

Front 43

Resistance against metronidazole

Back 43

altered target, loss of nitroeductase

Front 44

Resistance against pyrazenamide

Back 44

Altered PncA