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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychosexual stage of development with alcoholism
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oral
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where is pain with acute pancreatitis
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abdominal radiating to back and flank
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what is a SE of Dilantin
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gum hyperplasia
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after thyroidectomy, how do you assess for laryngeal damage
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hoarseness
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what is the chemical process that occurs to cause ketones to appear in urine
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fat destruction
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what to check for on a patient iwth esophageal varices
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portal hypertension
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what are clinical manifestations of cholecystitis
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N/V, low grade fever, biliary colic pain, right upper quadrant guarding, painj radiating to scapula
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ACTH - what does it do
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stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids
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FSH - what does it do
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stimulates secretion of estrogen and development of ova and sperm
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LH - what does it do
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stimulates ovulation and secretion of sex hormones in males and females
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oxytocin - what does it do
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stimultes ejection of milk into mammary ducts and contraction of uterine smooth muscle
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what is necessary for synthesis of thyroid hormones
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iodine
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what does the parathyroid do
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secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which regulates blood level of calcium
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what do the adrenal glands do
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medulla secretes catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, dopamine
cortex secretes cortisol which regulates blood glucose concentration, inhib inflammatory action and response to stress aldoesterone has to do with fluid volume estrogen |
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what does aldosterone do
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maintains fluid volume
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what does cortisol do
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regulates blood sugar, inhibits inflammatory action, stress
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what hormones does the pancreas secrete
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glucagon and insulin
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what does glucagon do
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increases blood glucose by stim glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis
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what does the anterior pituitary secrete
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ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin
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what does teh posterior pituitary secrete
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ADH, oxytocin
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Goiter is _________gland hypertrophy caused by ______ stimulation and is also found in _____disease
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thyroid
TSH Graves |
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most common form of hyperthyroidism is ______
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grave's disease
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what can cause Grave's disease
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insufficient iodine supply
infection stress |
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what is a classic finding in Grave's disease
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exophthalmos
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what is a thyroid storm
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acute, rare condition where all hyperthyroid manifestations are heightened, life threatening, tachycardia, shock, hyperthermia, seizures, abd pain, diarrhea, delirium, coma
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most common cause of hypothyroidism
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iodine deficiency
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manifestations of hypothyroidism
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fatigue, lethargy, personality and mental changes, decreased cardiac output, anemia, constipation
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what is myxedema
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accumulation of hydrophilic mucopolysaccharides in dermis and other tissues, causes puffiness, periorbital edema, masklike affect
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what does hyperparathyroidism lead to
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hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
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manifestations of hyperparathyoidism
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weakness, loss of appetite, constipation, emotional disorders, shortened attention span, osteoporosis, fractures, kidney stones
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most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
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accidental removal of glands or damage during neck surgery
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what does sudden decreases in serum calcium cause
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tetany
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manifestations of tetany
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tingling of lips, fingertips, increased musc tension
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what causes Cushing syndrome
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excessive corticosteroids, particularly glucocorticoids
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most common cause of Cushings
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iatrogenic admin of exogenous corticosteroids e.g. predisone
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key signs of Cushings
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obesity, moon face, purplish red striae below skin surface, hirsutism, hypertension, unexplained hypokalemia
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What causes Addison's
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all three classes (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, estrogens) are reduced. Mostly autoimmune.
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maifestations of addison's
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slow onset. Weakness, weight loss, anorexia, sun hyperpigmentation at pressure pointes, over joints, palmar creases
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what causes addison's crisis?
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insufficient or sudden decrease in adrenocortical hormones. Triggered by stress (surgery, trauma, hemorrhage, psychologic), sudden withdrawl of corticosteroid hormone replacement
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what is pheochromocytoma
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adrenal medulla tumor that produces excessive catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine). Usually benign.
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what does phenochromocytoma cause and what can it lead to
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severe hypertension
DM, cardiomyopathy, death |
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what is the functional unit of the kidney
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nephron
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