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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacterial Classificiation |
Shape (Cocci, Bacilli, Spiral, other) Gram Growth/Atmosphere (Aerobic, etc) Spores Biochemistry/Genetics |
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Gram Staining |
1) Fixation 2) Crystal Violet (stain all) 3) Iodine (cross-links peptidoglycan, now thick and impenetrable in G+, not so much in G-) 4) Ethanol decolorization (no response in G+, washout in G-) 5) Safranin counter stain (G+ already stained, no stain; G- freely stains pink) |
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Peptidoglycan Composition |
NAG/NAM chains (away from PM) cross-linked by peptide chains (parallel to PM) peptide chains are side-group linked!!! G+: AAKQA G-: AE-MDPA-AA D AND L amino acids in both... TRANSPEPTIDASE AND TRANSGLYCOSYLASE required (targets of beta-lactams like penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenams) |
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Gram Positive |
2 Layers: -inner PM bilayer phospholipids -THICK outer peptidoglycan layer (up to 90% of dry weight) |
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Gram Negative |
3 Layers: -inner PM bilayer phospholipids -THIN peptidoglycan layer (10% of dry weight) -OUTER layer: 75-95% LPS (TLR4) |
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Acid Fast |
2.5 Layers: -inner PM bilayer phospholipids -THIN peptidoglycan layer that contains LIPOARABINOMANNAN and ARABINOGALACTAN -outer "half layer" of MYCOLIC ACID with positively charged sugar head group ACIDIC ARABS TLR 1/2/6 recognition |
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Flagellar Arrangement |
Monotrichous -1 flagellum Lophotrichous -many flagella from one spot Amphitrichous -1 flagellum from EACH end Peritrichous -many flagella all directions |
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Glycocalyx |
On some G+/- bacteria extracellular glycoprotein outermost layer CAPSULE: -firm cell wall attachement -helps adherence to surfaces SLIME Layer: -loose cell wall association -protects from loss of H2O and nutrients |
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7 Most common (bacterial) Abx targets |
Metabolism -trimethoprim, sulfonamides (TMP-SMX) Topoisomerase -quinolones, fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin RNA Polymerase -rifamycin 30S Ribosome -aminoglycosides -tetracycline 50S Ribosome -macrolides -oxazolidonones Cell Wall -penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenams Cell Membrane -lipopeptides |
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Trimethoprim-Sulfonamide (TMP-SMX) |
FOLIC ACID METABOLISM |
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Quinolones |
TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS Ciprofloxacin, Moxi |
