Chp 9

Front 1

Learning Disability

Back 1

Difficulty in understanding or using spoken or written language or in doing math.

Front 2

Dyslexia

Back 2

A category of learning disabilities involving a severe impairment in the ability to read and spell.

Front 3

Dysgraphia

Back 3

A learning disability that involves difficulty in handwriting.

Front 4

Dyscalculia

Back 4

A learning disability that involves difficulty in math.

Front 5

ADHD

Back 5

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive.

Front 6

Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Back 6

Serious, persistent problems that involve relationships, aggression, depression, fears associated with personal or school matters.

Front 7

ASD

Back 7

Autism spectrum disorders; children characterized by problems in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors.

Front 8

Autistic disorder

Back 8

Onset in First 3 years of life and includes deficiencies in social relationships, abnormalities in communication, and restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior.

Front 9

Asperger syndrom

Back 9

Mild autism; a child has relatively good verbal language skills, milder nonverbal language problems, and a restricted range of interest and relationships

Front 10

IEP

Back 10

Individualized education plan; a written statement that explains a program for children with disabilites.

Front 11

LRE

Back 11

Least restrictive environment; same learning environment as children without disabilites.

Front 12

Inclusion

Back 12

Educating a child with special education needs full-time in the regular classroom.

Front 13

Seriation

Back 13

Operation that involves ordering stimuli along a quantitative dimension

Front 14

Transitivity

Back 14

The ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions.

Front 15

Neo-Piagentians

Back 15

Developmentalists who argue that Piaget got some things right but that his theory needs considerable revision.

Front 16

Long-term memory

Back 16

Permanent memories

Front 17

Working memory

Back 17

A mental "workbench" where individuals manipulate and assemble info when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.

Front 18

Strategies

Back 18

Deliberate mental activities that improve the processing of information

Front 19

Elaboration

Back 19

An important strategy for remembering that involves engaging and more extensive processing of information

Front 20

Fuzzy trace theory

Back 20

Memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representations: 1. Verbatim memory trace and 2. Gist.

Front 21

Critical thinking

Back 21

Thinking reflectively and productively, as well as evaluating evidence

Front 22

Mindfulness

Back 22

Being alert, mentally present, and cognitively flexible while going through life's everyday activities and tasks

Front 23

Creative thinking

Back 23

The ability to think in novel and unusual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems

Front 24

Convergent thinking

Back 24

Thinking that produces one correct answer and is characterized of the kind of thinking tested by standardized intelligence test

Front 25

Divergent thinking

Back 25

Thinking that produces many answers to the same question and is characteristic of creativity

Front 26

Metacognition

Back 26

Cognition about cognition, or knowing about knowing

Front 27

Brainstorming

Back 27

A technique in which individuals are encouraged to come up with creative ideas and a group, play off each others ideas, and say almost anything that comes to mind

Front 28

Intelligence

Back 28

Problem solving skills and the ability to learn from and adapt to the experiences of everyday life

Front 29

Individual differences

Back 29

The stables consistent ways in which people differ from each other

Front 30

Mental age (MA)

Back 30

Binet's Measure of an individual's level of mental development, compared with that the others

Front 31

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Back 31

A person's mental age / chronological age multiplied by 100

Front 32

Normal distribution

Back 32

Asymmetrical distribution with most scores falling in the middle of the possible range of scores in a few scores appearing towards the extreme of the range

Front 33

Triarchic theory of intelligence

Back 33

Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytic intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence

Front 34

Culture - fair test

Back 34

Test of intelligence that are designed to be free of cultural bias

Front 35

Intellectual disability

Back 35

A condition of limited mental ability in which the individual 1. Has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test, 2. Had difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life, & 3. First exhibits these characteristics by age 18

Front 36

Organic intellectual disability

Back 36

A genetic disorder or condition involving brain damage that is linked to a low level of intellectual functioning

Front 37

Cultural-familial intellectual disability

Back 37

Intellectual disability condition in which there is no evidence of organic brain damage but the individual's IQ generally is between 50 and 70

Front 38

Gifted

Back 38

Having above - average intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent for something

Front 39

Metalinguistic awareness

Back 39

Refers to knowledge about language, such as understanding what a preposition is or being able to discuss the sounds of a language

Front 40

Hole - language approach

Back 40

An approach to reading instruction based on the idea that instructions should parallel children's natural language learning. Reading materials should be whole and meaningful.

Front 41

Phonics approach

Back 41

The idea that reading instruction should teach the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds