Hdf 211 Exam #3 Material Ch: 8 9 11

Front 1

eating with others. Most spouses eat together and negotiate who joins them.

Back 1

commensality

Front 2

an intent to maintain a relationship

Back 2

commitment

Front 3

amount of money a prospective groom will pay to the parents of the bride to be

Back 3

bride wealth

Front 4

event that marks the transition from one status to another (e.g. a wedding marks the "" of individuals from lovers to spouses)

Back 4

rite of passage

Front 5

the change in a relationship from a state of newness and high expectation to a sate of mundaness and boredom in the face of reality

Back 5

disenchantment

Front 6

relationship in which the partners have spent many years together and define themselves as happy and in love (hence the factors of time and emotionality)

Back 6

marital success

Front 7

an age-discrepant marriage in which the younger woman is in the spring of her life (May) and he is in his later years (December)

Back 7

May-December marriage

Front 8

conflict style in which the respective partners are not assertive in their positions but are cooperative. Each attempts to soothe the other and to seek a harmonious solution

Back 8

accommodating style of conflict

Front 9

conflict style in which the partners are neither assertive nor cooperative

Back 9

avoiding style of conflict

Front 10

suggesting as many alternatives as possible without evaluating them.

Back 10

brainstorming

Front 11

conflict style in which the partners are both assertive and cooperative. Each expresses his or her view and cooperates to find a solution

Back 11

collaborating style of conflict

Front 12

The process of exchanging information and feelings between two people

Back 12

communication

Front 13

conflict in which the partners are both assertive and uncooperative. Each tries to force his or her way on the other so that there is a winner and a loser.

Back 13

competing style of conflict

Front 14

conflict style in which there is an intermediate solution so that both partners find a middle ground they can live with

Back 14

compromising style of conflict

Front 15

the interaction that occurs when the behavior or desires of one person interfere with the behavior or desires of another

Back 15

conflict

Front 16

unconscious techniques that function to protect individuals from anxiety and minimize emotional hurt

Back 16

defense mechanisms

Front 17

shifting one's feelings, thoughts, or behaviors from the person who evokes them onto someone else who is a safer target

Back 17

displacemet

Front 18

the simultaneous denial and withdrawl from a problem

Back 18

escapism

Front 19

statements that focus on the feelings and thoughts of the communicator without making a judgment on others.

Back 19

"I" statements

Front 20

a solution to a conflict in which neither partner benefits.

Back 20

lose-lose solution

Front 21

style of conflict whereby both partners deny, ignore, and retreat from adressing a problem issue, ( e.g. don't talk about it and it will go away)

Back 21

parallel style of conflict

Front 22

the ability to impose one's will on another and to avoid being influenced by the partner

Back 22

power

Front 23

attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, and desires to some one else while avoiding recognition that these are one's own thoughts. feelings, and desires.

Back 23

projection

Front 24

the cognitive justification for one's own behavior that unconsciously conceals one;s true motives

Back 24

rationalization

Front 25

paraphrasing or restating what a person has said to indicate that the listener understands

Back 25

reflective listening

Front 26

a solution to a conflict in which one partner benefits as the expense of another

Back 26

win-lose situation

Front 27

a relationship in which conflict is resolved so that each partner derives benefits from the resolution

Back 27

win-win relationships

Front 28

statements that tend to assign blame (e.g. you made me agnry") rather than "I" statements (I got angry and blew up)

Back 28

"you" statements

Front 29

transitory sypmtoms of depression 24 to 48 hours after a baby is born

Back 29

baby blues

Front 30

an approach to childrearing based on the principle that behavior is learned through classical and operant conditioning

Back 30

behavioral approach

Front 31

the degree to which parents place expectations on children and use discipline to enforce the demands

Back 31

demandingness

Front 32

an approach to childrearing that views what children do, think, and feel as being influenced by their genetic inheritance

Back 32

developmental- maturational training approach

Front 33

a hormone from the pituitary gland during the expulsive stage of labor that has been associated with the onset of maternal behaviors in lower animals

Back 33

oxytocin

Front 34

a model of childrearing that focuses on trying to understand what a child is feeling and experiencing in the here and now

Back 34

parenting effectiveness training

Front 35

the provision by an adult or adults of physical care, emotional support, instruction, and protection from harm i an ongoing structural home and emotional context to one more dependent children

Back 35

parenting

Front 36

a reaction more severe than the baby bluse to the birth of one's baby, characterized by crying, irritability, loss of appetite, and difficulty in sleeping

Back 36

postpartum depression

Front 37

the extent to which parents respond to and meet the needs of their children. Refers to such qualities as warmth, reciprocity, person-centered communication, and attachement

Back 37

repsonsiveness

Front 38

an approach to childrearing that explains children's behavior as resulting from the attempt to compensate for feelings of inferiority

Back 38

sociological approach

Front 39

a discipline procedure whereby the child is removed from an enjoyable context to a nonreinforcing context one and left there (alone) for a minute for every years of the child's age

Back 39

time-out

Front 40

the period of time from the beginning of pregnancy through the first few months after the birth of the baby.

Back 40

transition to parenthood

Front 41

marriage involves a commitment of:

Back 41

person-person, familt-to-family, and couple-to-state

Front 42

people who get married on average have a _____ frequent sex life

Back 42

less

Front 43

ethnic group that instills norms of no premarital sex, close monitoring of children,intense nuturing of parent-child bond

Back 43

muslime familes

Front 44

marital success is defined in terms of both:

Back 44

quality and durability

Front 45

high levels of disclosure are correlated with:

Back 45

increased intimacy

Front 46

___ tend to focus on acitivities, information, logic, and negotiation to achieve and maintain the upper hand

Back 46

men

Front 47

___ tend to preserve intimacy and avoid isolation

Back 47

women

Front 48

examine the process of communication btw two actors in terms of the meanings each attaches to the actions of the other

Back 48

symbolic interactionists

Front 49

suggests that the partners' communication can be described as a ratio of rewards to costs:

Back 49

exchange theorists

Front 50

escapism, rationalization, projection, and displacement:

Back 50

defense mechanisms that interfere with conflict resolution.

Front 51

parenting includes:

Back 51

providing physical care for children, loving them, economic resource, guidance as teacher or model, and protecting them from harm

Front 52

parents reported ___ marital satisfaction then non-parents

Back 52

lower

Front 53

parenthood will involve about ___ % of the time a couple live together, and parents are ____ the only influence on their children.

Back 53

40% and not

Front 54

about ___ % of children will spend one-fourth of thier lives ina female-headed household

Back 54

40%

Front 55

children are influenced by their genetic heritage

Back 55

developmentalmaturational approach

Front 56

consequences influence the behaviors children learn

Back 56

behavioral approach

Front 57

children seek to gain attention from parents to overcome their feelings of powerless

Back 57

sociotelelogical approach

Front 58

the most important goal of parents is to become emotionally attached to their children

Back 58

attachement parenting

Front 59

intially are unaware of incokpatabilities or things detrimental to relationship satisfaction, negatively and conflict prior to marriage dont impact relationship satisfaction immediately, however later in marriage satisfaction decreases

Back 59

sleeper effect

Front 60

focuses upon promoting health and learning skills to facilitate better relationships before any significant problems are evident


(premartial counseling takes place at this level)

Back 60

primary prevention

Front 61

the first permarital counseling program in the US began in ____ at the ____

and there was two primary goals of their program:

Back 61

1932 at the Merrill-Palmer Institute

To provide information and education about married life to couples contemplating marriage and to help prospective spouses work out whatever interpersonal difficulties they were experiencing at the time.

Front 62

the majority of people who get married:

Back 62

have no pre-marital counseling

Front 63

__% of couples who get married in a religous service have some type of prematial counseling,

(avergae clergy has 4 visits and is probs not cert in it)

Back 63

40%

Front 64

historically it was the ____ who did pre marital counseling, who often just focues on birth control

Back 64

family doctor

Front 65

____ and____ do little premarital counseling

Back 65

therapists and psychologists

Front 66

____ states require PMC before you can obtain a marriage license, ____ had a bill and never went anywhere

Back 66

Indiana and Mississippi, and

Michigan

Front 67

most efffective and probably most popular type of premarital assessment system

Back 67

PREPARE

Front 68

PREPARE can predict within ___ % to __ % of the cases wether couples will be happily married or end up gettting divorced

Back 68

80-85%

Front 69

four benefits of PMC

Back 69

slows couples down to foster thought about their relationship, sends a message that marriage matters, helps couples learn of options if they need help later in their relationships, and there some evidence that PMC helps some couples lower their risk for future problems and divorce

Front 70

PMC program should last about:

Back 70

6-8 weeks

Front 71

PMC programs should be completed within ____ of marriage

Back 71

1 year

Front 72

consider calling off the relationship if:

Back 72

either or both people ar eunder 18, not known someone for more than 2 years, physical or emotional abuse, critical remarks, numerous sig diff in age, relgion, race, SES, values etc. on and off relationship, dramatic parental disapproval, low sexual satisfaction

Front 73

about ___ of college students stay in relationships they think they should end

Back 73

1/3

Front 74

something with parts, these parts interact with eachother in predictable ways and seek to maintain a sense of equilibrium

came from scholars

used to describe thoughts about schizophrenia

Back 74

system

Front 75

changes within one part of the system impact changes in other parts of the system

Back 75

interdepedence

Front 76

speratee that which is outside of the system from that which is inside of the system (permeable, impermeable)

Back 76

boundaries

Front 77

regulate the behavior of family members to maintain a sense of balance among each other, if becomes unbalances family will seek to restore balance

Back 77

rules

Front 78

a family member with a presenting problem may be acting out as result of other forces going on within the family, not the individual is the focus of the treatment, or relationship

Back 78

scapegoat or identified patient

Front 79

there are currently more than ___ models of therapy in existence

Back 79

200

Front 80

theories of intervention

Back 80

behaviorism

psychodynamics

cognitive

family systems

solution focused thereapy

Front 81

__ was thei first to to state explcitily what worked in therapy and why it worked, others also proclaimed after

Back 81

Freud

Front 82

gave rise to large number of studies that compared different treatment approaches

Back 82

concern over empirically validated treatments

Front 83

found four features shared among all effective therapies that promoted and brought about effective outcomes during therapy

Back 83

Jerome and Julia Frank 1991

Front 84

faith. persistence, supportive family members, religous community, family crisis, accounts for 40% of outcome change during therapy

Back 84

Client/ Extratherapeutic factors

Front 85

caring, empathy, warmth, acceptance, mutual affirmation, encouragment of risk taking behaviors

makes up 30% of outcome change during therapy

Back 85

Therapeutic relationship factors

Front 86

beliefs and techniques that are specific to different treatment approaches, each approach includes a rational explanation of clients difficulties,self-focused therapy, accounts fro 15% of outcome change during therapy

Back 86

model technique factors

Front 87

portion of improvement that occurs becuase the client is in some type of treatment, both believe in power of treatment=- psotive

accounts for 15% of outcome change during therapy

Back 87

Placebo, hope, and expectancy

Front 88

client extra therapeutic factors account for ___

Back 88

40%

Front 89

therapeutic relationship factors account for___

Back 89

30%

Front 90

model techniques account for___

Back 90

15%

Front 91

placebo, hope, and expectancy account for___

Back 91

15%

Front 92

there is an intention to maintain the relationship, provide affection, provide support, maintain integrity, share companionship, maintain commmunication, show respect, create a relational future, and work on problems together

Back 92

person to person committment

Front 93

souses become legally committed to one another according to the state of law, stat's interest in couple is thay they stay married, have children, and take care of them,.

Back 93

couple to state committment

Front 94

__% of marriage couples have extreme sexual satisfaction while __% not married have physical satisfaction and emotional satisfaction

Back 94

85% and 54%

Front 95

`__% of couples reported having sex a few times a year

Back 95

13%

Front 96

_-% of couples reported having sex a few times a month while __ % couples reported having sex 3 times a week as opposed to ___% having sex 4 or more times a week

Back 96

45% , 34%, and 7%

Front 97

established love lab that specified if people would get divoced

Back 97

John Gottman

Front 98

__ psotive interactions to __ negative interaction = marital happiness which leads to marital stability

Back 98

5 to 1

Front 99

emotionally and physiologically overhwhelmed by a situation with your partner a reaction of systems overload,

once occurs cannot have constructive conversation

men do this more easliy then women

adrenaline rate gets to 100 BPM

Back 99

flooding

Front 100

these are issues that remain unresolved over time and tend to be issues that couples deal with over the course of thier marriage

Back 100

perpetual problems

Front 101

a symbolic transactional process or to put it more simply as the process of creating and sharing meanings

Back 101

communication

Front 102

sender of the communication

Back 102

encoder

Front 103

reciever of the communication

Back 103

decoder

Front 104

verbal communication

Back 104

digital symbols

Front 105

non verbal communication

Back 105

analogic symbols

Front 106

two theorists talk about the development of comminication as a relationship progresses

wedge

breadth of communication

depth of communication

Back 106

Altman and Taylor

Front 107

make communication a prioity

establish and maintain eye contact

ask open ended questions

use relfective listening paraphrasing or restating what the person said to you while being sensitive to the feelings communicated as well


use I statements rather than you statements

you statemnets= detrimental

avoid criticsm

say positive things

stay focused

plan for future/ consisten rules


develop rules for communication

Back 107

principles of effective communication

Front 108

follow up research with couples after four years of conflict traning indicates that __ % are still arguing about the same issues

Back 108

69%

Front 109

go over differences btw communication btw males and females on last page of powerpoints in binder

Back 109

DO WORK

Front 110

the average number of children born in 2006 was ____ this has dramatically decreased over the centuries

Back 110

1.82

Front 111

number of childless or child free by choice is now at ___%

Back 111

9%

Front 112

___% of couples of reproductive age in industrialized countries are involuntarily childless

Back 112

17-26%

Front 113

If you have tried unsuccessfully for on year and have not yet conceived

Back 113

infertile

Front 114

most americans have:

Back 114

no training for this difficult role

Front 115

time from the begininning of pregnancy through the first 2-3 months of a child's life when all 3 undergo changes, strong bond usually develops quickly and they resist being seperated

Back 115

transition to parenthood

Front 116

result of numerous hormonal and psychological changes birth, usually happens within first month of returning home, 13% of adult women, 48% of adolescent mothers

Back 116

postpardum depression

Front 117

in lesbian couples, the ____ becomes the primary caregiver of the child.

Back 117

biological mother

Front 118

delayed parenting, birthrates for women in thier 30s have increased by __% by 1975

Back 118

67%

Front 119

___ years are the most fertile years of a woman

Back 119

18-25

Front 120

women in their ___ are less likely to have as healthy babies as those bron to younger women

greater chance for spont. abortions genetic abnormalaties

Back 120

30s

Front 121

have time to adjust to married life, more emotionally stable, and responisble before having children

Back 121

benefits of delayed parenting

Front 122

Tend to be highly educated, less liekly to use corporal punishment with children

Back 122

GLBT parents