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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sigmund Freud's Theory
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-psychological growth is balanced, it is BIOLOGICAL but is also shaped by ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
-ID > EGO > SUPEREGO -stages of maturation -from own pleasure seeking to rationalizing to having morals/norms |
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Freud's stages of development
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Oral - taking things in mouth/eating
Anal - toilet training Phallic - increase in sexual urges Latency - emphasis on education and concern for others Genital - sexual desires reemerge because of puberty, create relationships |
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Oedipus Complex
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-boys in phallic stage become attracted to mother and jealous of father
-fear father will cut off their genitals |
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Electra Complex
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girls blame their mother for lack of penis
-focus sexual feelings on father who possesses the penis -then they realize they cannot have their father as a mate and go on to finding other males |
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Classical Conditioning
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-Pavlov's experiment
-dog salivates from sound of bell if bell is always linked to food |
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Operant Conditioning
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behavior is followed with either a reward or a punishment
-may increase or decrease chance that a child will repeat the behavior/action |
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Social Learning Theory
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-Bandura (BoBo doll experiment)
-children imitate behavior |
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Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Systems Theory
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MiMeExMa
micro mexo exo macro |
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Ethology Perspective
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there are specific ages for certain development
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epigenetics
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epigenome contains genes that produce protein and control behavior with on/off switch due to environmental forces
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babies and visual preparation
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-like places that have high movement i.e. the face
-particularly like eyes because they received a dose of oxytocin during pregnancy through placenta |
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babies and auditory preparedness
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babies can remember a story in womb
-show recognition to the story after birth -like high frequency sounds "cute little baby" |
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babies and smell/taste/touch
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-babies cry less when near mother's breast
-mothers/babies recognize each other's smell -babies like to be patted and stroked |
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left/right hemisphere of brain controls?
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left = react to joy/happiness/anger
right = inhibitory behavior/withdrawal |
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mirrors neurons are located in?
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the IFG inferior frontal gyrus
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HPA axis
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hypothalamus -> pituitary gland -> adrenal cortex
-due to stress |
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cortisol?
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cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland which helps tell body to shut down bad behavior
-when a stressful event occurs, cortisol rises to calm things down and then cortisol drops back down |
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Passive genotype-environment correlations
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Parents’ genes affect their child-rearing, & parents pass on genes
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Evocative genotype-environment correlations
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Child’s genetically-based characteristics elicit environmental responses
-babies that are happy have an environment that is also happy and fun |
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Active genotype-environment correlations
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Children actively select environments that match their characteristics
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amygdala
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shows activation to fear and unfamiliar faces
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Charles Darwin Biological Perspective of Emotion
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emotional expressions are innate and universal
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learning perspective of emotion
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when parents smile, children are encouraged to smile more
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functional perspective of emotion
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purpose of emotion is for people to achieve social and survival goals
-provides feedback that guides behavior |
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Discrete Emotions Theory
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there is a small number of core emotions
-all other emotions are synonyms |
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primary emotions
and secondary emotions? |
primary: joy, fear, anger, sadness
secondary: pride and shame, jealousy, guilt, empathy |
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Baby Happiness
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~ 2 mo: social smiles
~ 3 mo: smile more to people than objects 3-6 mo: “big” smile in social interactions 6-7 mo: smile to familiar people, may be wary to strangers actively use smiles to engage others |
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Baby Fear
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0-3 mo: startle, surprise, distress
3-6 mo: wariness, sobering 6-7 mo: clear adult-like fear expressions evident 7-9 mo: fear of strangers |
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imprinting
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following around the first object a baby sees after birth
-i.e. ducks |
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Strange Situation
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a research scenario by Ainsworth to study the attachment relationship by baby/mother
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