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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 parts to the personality
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ID
EGO SUPEREGO |
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Assumptions underlying Freud’s Theory
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1.Reflex-arc
2. Energy homeostasis 3. Adaptation 4. Neural-integration hierarchy |
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Reflex-arc Assumption
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Tendency for an organism to respond when stimulated
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Energy Homeostasis Assumption
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The goal of this system is to maintain a homeostatic (equilibrated) state.
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The major physic energy or drive is
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libidinal
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Freud Sigmand
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Psychosexual Stages
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Erik Erickson:
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Psychosocial stages
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Melanie Klein:
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Object Relations theory
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John Bowlby
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: Attachment theory
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Object Relations Theory
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Is a theory of relationships between people, in particular within the family and especially between mother and child
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Characteristics of Attachment
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Safe Haven
Secure Base Proximity Maintenance Separation Distress |
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John B. Watson (1878-1958)
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Social Learning Theory: Behaviorism
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BF Skinner 1904-1990
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Social Learning Theory:
Operant Conditioning Theory |
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Albert Bandura (1925 - )
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Social Cognitive Learning Theory
Modeling |
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Jean Piaget
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Cognitive -Developmental Theory
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Constructivism:
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development occurs as children actively manipulate and explore the environment
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Qualitative change:
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Children at different stages think in qualitatively different ways
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Germinal Period:
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Mitotic division of zygote into multiple cells.
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Heterochrony:
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Different parts of the organism develop at different rates
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Heterogeneity:
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Variability in levels of development of different parts of the organism at a given time
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Epigenetic Hypothesis:
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Interactions between the cells and their environment generate the new cell forms and emergence of body organs
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Germinal period
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(single-cell zygote morula blastocyst)
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Embryonic Period
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Begins with implantation and lasts about 6 weeks. At the end of this period, the organism begins to respond to direct stimulation
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the embryo starts to differentiate into layers
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ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
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Cephalocaudal :
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proceeds from head down
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Proximodistal:
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From middle of organism out to the periphery
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Fetal Period
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Skeletal ossification at week 8/9 and continues until birth
Fetus at approx. 9 weeks |
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Week 3
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Heart beating
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Waardenburg Syndrome
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Dominant
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Sex-Linked Traits
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Red-green color blindness, hemophilia, muscular dystrophy
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Down Syndrome:
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**Chromosomal Error
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Sex Chromosome Abnormalities
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Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY)- males
Turner Syndrome (X0)- females Extra Y Syndrome (XYY) Triple X Syndrome (XXX)- |
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Sex- Linked Abnormality: Klinefelter
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Extra X chromosome
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Turner Syndrome
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Missing X chromosome.
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Baldwin Effect
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Lactose Tolerance
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We begin as a zygote,
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a single cell
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Week one and two
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Morula Stage- ball of sister cells
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Week 3
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Heart beats and cNS
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Week 4
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Leg, arm, heart, brain, muscle and backbone
-- embryo |
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Week 5
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Umbilical Cord
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Week 6
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Pancreas
Head bigger than body |
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Week 7
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Eyes, elbows, baby teeth
nerve cells. Male gonads |
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Week 8
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MAJOR ORGANS HAVE primitive shape. Startle reflex and generalized movement
Cortex |
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Week 9
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Now called fetus
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Week 12
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Sucking and swallowing
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Week 13
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Ears and eyes moving into place
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Week 18
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Lungs
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Teratogens:
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Alcohol
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Rubella (German measles):
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heart disease, cataracts, deafness, and mental retardation
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Sleep
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infants begin their sleep with active REM sleep and then fall into quiet (NREM) sleep
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Conditioning
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Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning |
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Implicit memory -
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unconscious learning process.
Procedural and sensory |
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3 category babies
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Easy
Difficult Slow-to-warm-up |
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Soft Spots
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Fontanel
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Growth plates of the long bones
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epiphysis
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Birth brain size
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1/2 of size of adult brain
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visual abilities
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Slightly blurred at birth
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Color vision
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By 2 months
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Face stimulie
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2 months
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auditory and visual
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3 months
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Language areas
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Blue
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1-2
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motor
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Object permanence
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8 months or younger does
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8-12 months
(A not B error) |
Incomplete object permanence
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9-11
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Mimick
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