Hd: Attention

Front 1

cognitive components

Back 1

1. arousal
2. sustained attention
3. selective attention
5. divided attention

Front 2

arousal

Back 2

a generalized sense of alertness

Front 3

sustained attention

Back 3

duration of focus; vigilance

Front 4

selective attention

Back 4

prioritization of information among competing representations

Front 5

divided attention

Back 5

allocation of resources between different tasks

Front 6

neuroanatomy of attention

Back 6

1. reticular activating system
2. superior colliculus
3. thalamus
4. parietal lobe (major in attentional processing)
5. frontal lobe
6. cingulate cortex

Front 7

neglect

Back 7

1. not due to left hemianopia
2. turning head left would place object in right visual field
3. hemianopic patients would detect object
4. neglect patients ignore left side of space (unaware of left side of space)
5. not homogenous

Front 8

what kind of spatial reference frames does neglect affect?

Back 8

1. personal
2. peripersonal
3. extrapersonal
4. view-centered
5. object-centered
6. environment-centered

Front 9

object centered neglect

Back 9

1. patient with left hemi-neglect copies details of the right side of the tower
2. same patient copies right side of tower when it is tilted rather than the right half of space

Front 10

types of neglect

Back 10

1. spatial
2. object

Front 11

neglect recovery

Back 11

1. generally good recovery in the weeks following injury
2. recovery is often partial

Front 12

what does neglect tell us about attention?

Back 12

perception is not sufficient; one must be aware of the processed information

Front 13

why so often on the left?

Back 13

right hemisphere dominance for attention

Front 14

alertness

Back 14

1. sustained attention/arousal/vigilance
2. maintaing focus over a period of time
3. top-down modulation based on relevance (can have competition aka distractions)
4. flashlight

Front 15

(re) orienting

Back 15

1. directing and redirecting attention
2. disengage and shift attention
3. flashlight movement
4. neglect: failure to move attention

Front 16

executive

Back 16

1. supervisory control
2. mediating & monitoring interaction between top-down and bottom up processes

Front 17

alertness (anatomical)

Back 17

1. right lateralized
2. frontal-parietal-thalamic network
3. dorsal attention system

Front 18

re orienting (anatomical)

Back 18

1. subcortical and parietal areas
2. ventral attention network

Front 19

executive

Back 19

1. prefrontal cortex
2. salience = ventral PFC
3. goal-directed/working memory = dorsal PFC
4. how to juggle tasks from distractions and the environment

Front 20

3 cognitive operations of orienting

Back 20

1. disengaging
2. shifting
3. re-engaging/reading

Front 21

orienting: superior colliculus

Back 21

1. controls ability to visually fixate on or foveate a stimulus
2. saccadic eye movements
3. bottom up response to changes in environment
4. ex: you know where to look before you look when a flickering light goes off
5. can be surpressed by top-down control

Front 22

orienting: reticular activating system

Back 22

1. locus coeruleus
2. maintains arousal to support attentional processing
3. damage can lead to coma

Front 23

neglect (simple definition)

Back 23

unable to disengage space they are in and engage in another space in their visual field

Front 24

orienting: locus coeruleus

Back 24

1. detect/see target
2. alertness increases
3. ex: when you see the "3" in the in class experiment
4. MRI scan of region lights up when stimulus detected (detection phase)

Front 25

orienting: ventral attention network

Back 25

1. can be active simultaneously with dorsal system, but are active at different levels
ex: guy concentrating typing essay on computer (dorsal) when co worker calls his names (ventral) and then they have a conversation

Front 26

executive: anterior cingulate cortex

Back 26

1. more supportive role in response selection and error detection
2. lights up when error is detected
3. executive control

Front 27

frontal lobes

Back 27

1. high level executive control of attention
2. can divide attention between two tasks

Front 28

selective attention

Back 28

1. prioritization of information among competing representations
2. goal-dependent/tuning of lower level information based on what is being focused
2. changes activation pattern downstream based on what is being focused
3. organized lateral prefrontal cortex

Front 29

selective attention: scene vs face experiment

Back 29

1. ignoring scenes has less activity than passively viewing
2. activity is suppressed
3. surpress irrelevant information, while increasing relevant information
4. distractions dont go into awareness/consciousness (gets filtered out)

Front 30

dorsal attention network

Back 30

1. top down attention allocation
2. FEF and IPS send top-down biasing signals
3. coordinates stimulus-response selection

Front 31

ventral attention network

Back 31

1. reorientation to unexpected
2. behaviorally relevant stimuli
3. RMFG is filtering mechanism for VAN

Front 32

attention and mind-wandering

Back 32

1. toggle between each other
2. higher levels of mind-wandering increase chances of mistakes