Hcs156 Anatomy Of The Face

Front 1

Name the following facial bones

Back 1

Front 2

Describe the distribution of the facial nerve

Back 2

Front 3

Name the following muscles of facial expression

Back 3

Front 4

What are the superficial muscles of mastication?

Back 4

Masseter and Temporalis

(they are involved in chewing, eating and speech but this is a secondary function)

Front 5

Label the superficial muscles of mastication

Back 5

Front 6

What are the deep muscles of mastication?

Back 6

Lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid

Front 7

Label of the deep muscles of mastication

Back 7

Front 8

Label the following image

Back 8

Front 9

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

Back 9

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

Front 10

What is the function and innervation of the masseter?

Back 10

- Powerful elevator of the mandible

- Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Front 11

What is the function and innervation of the temporalis?

Back 11

- Elevator and retractor of the mandible

- Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Front 12

What is the function and innervation of the lateral pterygoid?

Back 12

- Protrudes mandible

- Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Front 13

What is the function and innervation of the medial pterygoid?

Back 13

- Powerful elevator of the mandible

- Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Front 14

What other muscles are involved in mastication?

What is their function?

Back 14

- The suprahyoids and infrahyoids

- They depress the mandible when the groups contract together. The hyoid bone is stabilised and the suprahyoid pulls down on the mandible. The lateral pterygoids protrude the madible. This results in forward and downward movement of the mandible

Front 15

What are the 6 muscles of facial expression?

Back 15

Orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, lip elevators/depressors, zygomaticus and frontalis

Front 16

What is the function and innervation of the orbicularis oris?

Back 16

- Closes the eyelids

- Temporal (orbital, palpebral) and zygomatic (lacrimal) branches of the facial nerve

Front 17

What is the function and innervation of the orbicularis oculi?

Back 17

- Closes the mouth and puckers lips when it contracts

- Buccal branch of the facial nerve

Front 18

What is the function and innervation of the buccinator?

Back 18

- Compresses cheeks against the teeth and is used in actions such as blowing

- Buccal branch of the facial nerve

Front 19

What is the function and innervation of the frontalis?

Back 19

- Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forward

- Temporal branch of facial nerve

Front 20

What is the function and innervation of lip depressors/elevators?

Back 20

- Buccal branch of facial nerve

Front 21

What is the function and innervation of the zygomaticus?

Back 21

- Draws angle of mouth upward and laterally (smile)

- Buccal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

Front 22

What is the likely consequence of damage to the facial nerve between the brainstem and middle ear?

Back 22

- All branches and functions are lost

Front 23

What is the likely consequence of damage to the facial nerve after the middle ear?

Back 23

- Taste and lacrimation are intact but facial expression is lost on that side

Front 24

What is the likely consequence of damage to the facial nerve on the face?

Back 24

- Individual muscle groups are lost depending on the branches damaged

Front 25

What is the overall likely consequence of damage to the facial nerve?

Back 25

- Weakness of muscles of facial expression. The face may "droop" on the damaged side due to the effects of gravity

Front 26

What is the likely consequence of damage to the mandibular branch of the facial nerve?

Back 26

- Lower lip paralysis

- Difficulty opening mouth and distortion in smiling and grimace

- Affects muscles of the lips and the production of bilabial or labiodental sounds

Front 27

What is the likely consequence of damage to the buccal branch of the facial nerve?

Back 27

- Difficulty blowing out cheeks

- Affects production of bilabial or labiodental sounds

Front 28

What is the likely consequence of damage to the temporal branch of the facial nerve?

Back 28

- Unable to frown or wrinkle forehead

Front 29

What is the likely consequence of damage to the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve?

Back 29

- Affects ability to blink and lacrimation

Front 30

What is the likely consequence of damage to the trigeminal nerve?

Back 30

- If mandibular branch is damage - there will be difficulty with articulation as it is responsible for movement of the lower jaw

Front 31

What is the likely consequence of unilateral damage to the trigeminal nerve?

Back 31

- Weakness of paralysis in jaw/velar muscles on the same side as damage.

- The jaw might deviate towards affected side when open

Front 32

What is the likely consequence of bilateral damage to the trigeminal nerve?

Back 32

- Most people cannot raise their jaw sufficiently to produce most consonant and vowel phonemes, especially those requiring bilablia, linguadental and linguapalatal contact

- Rate of speech is often lowed due to reduced ability to elevate the jaw

Front 33

How can the function of the facial nerve be tested?

Back 33

- Asking patients to make exaggerated facial expressions

Front 34

How can the function of the trigeminal nerve be tested?

Back 34

Sensory innervation: sharp blunt test over all divisions

Motor innervation: ask patient to protrude jaw - if damage it will deviate to the injured side

Front 35

How can the function of the following muscles be tested?

a) frontalis b) orbicularis oculi c) orbicularis oris d) buccinator

Back 35

a) wrinkle forehead

b) screw up eyes tightly

c) purse lips

d) puff out cheeks