Hcom 350 1St Exam

Front 1

Movement from point of rest to maximum displacement to point of rest to maximum displacement back to point of rest

Back 1

Cycle

Front 2

Frequency of vibration

Back 2

Number of cycles per second (expressed in HZ) (physical measure)

Front 3

Amplitude

Back 3

Maximum displacement from baseline (point of rest)
associated with loudness

Front 4

Period

Back 4

how much TIME it takes to travel across 1 cycle (will see on x -axis)

Front 5

waveform displays amplitude on what axis

Back 5

The y axis- tie is on the x axis(hz)

Front 6

what is formula for frequency

Back 6

f=344/wavelength

Front 7

What is formula for wavelength

Back 7

wavelength=344/Frequency

Front 8

Aperiodic

Back 8

representative of noise (not a pure tone)

Front 9

Pure tone is

Back 9

always represented of simple harmonic motion (TUNING FORK)

Front 10

SINE IS calculated by

Back 10

P(perpendicular/ R(radius
s=p/r

Front 11

give the sine values of sine 0-sine 360

Back 11

sine0=0
sine 30=.5
sine60=.9
sine90=1
sine120=.9
sine 150=.5
sine180=0
sine 360=0

Front 12

sine waves of same frequency are added the resulting wave has the same amplitude or different? does the frequency change?

Back 12

(same frequency as the original,)
amp increases as you add sine waves together of same frequency

Front 13

sine wave

Back 13

must have regualr acoustic mvmnt- regular cycles or symmetrical and regular

Front 14

Aperiodic

Back 14

NOISE

Front 15

Noise is not

Back 15

Periodic- (cycles always stay the same symmetrical- where cycle begins and cycle end)
NOISE IS APERIODIC

Front 16

what is the rule of sucessive harmonics are?

Back 16

whole # or integer multiples of that 1st harmonic
ex. 1 H= 200 so 2nd=400 3rd=600 4th=800

Front 17

in a periodic complex wave , harmonic frequencies are

Back 17

WHOLE-number multiples of the lowest frequency

Front 18

resonant frequency is

Back 18

odd-number multiples of the lowest fundamental frequency
(situation or condition in which one or more harmonics within the driving force matches with the natural frequency of the driven system, IT IS ENHANCED HARMONIC)

Front 19

Driven system

Back 19

Vocal Tract- RESONATOR- natural frquency brings out harmonics

Front 20

Driving force

Back 20

Vocal folds-forced vibration-

Front 21

Most speech sounds will be above

Back 21

1,000 hz

Front 22

If fundamental frequency increases what happens perceptually

Back 22

PITCH increases

Front 23

Fundamental frequency is associated with

Back 23

PITCH

Front 24

glottal tone is what type of wave

Back 24

Complex wave

Front 25

Source Filter Theory includes concept of?

Back 25

Driven force & Driven System
(vowel production)

Front 26

What theory explains how vowels are formed or differentiated?

Back 26

Source Filter Theory

Front 27

BErnoulli Effect

Back 27

As velocity increases air pressure decreases- one of three factors that cause vocal fold closure-
1. decrease of subglottic pressure
2. elasticity of vocal folds
3. BErnoulli effect

Front 28

Are Pitch and frequency Linear?

Back 28

No. as x increases the y does not increase the same amount.
with frequency = # of cycles per second but pitch isnt proportionally related. Pitch increases exponentially

Front 29

IS frequency physical or perceptual?

Back 29

Physical-
Pitch is perceptual

Front 30

IS amplitude/Intensity physical or perceptual?

Back 30

Physical

Front 31

Loudness is a part of? and is it perceptual or physical?

Back 31

Amplitude-
LOUDNESS IS PERCEPTUAL

Front 32

in a glottal wave the fundamental frequency depends on and is percieved by?

Back 32

depends on rate of vocal fold vibration and percieved by pitch

Front 33

A cycle or pattern that is not symetrical is called

Back 33

Aperiodic

Front 34

Resonance is directly related to?

Back 34

Harmonic frequency

Front 35

Driving force

Back 35

Vocal Folds/LARYNX

Front 36

fundamental frequency is

Back 36

the rate of vibration of the complex wave (PITCH)

Front 37

what is glottal tone generated by?

Back 37

VOCAL FOLDS

Front 38

Presence of "neck" automically

Back 38

lowers resonate frequency
(Longer neck lowers frequency)
*if lip rounding this involves lip rounding)- back vowels have lower frequency

Front 39

what determines the natural resonate frquency of vocal tract?

Back 39

1)Volume increase
Rule: *if volume increase= resonate frequency decreases
* if volume decreases = resonant frequency increase
2) Prescence of NECK (automatically lowers resonate frequency)
3)OPENING/APERTURE cavity (*if aperture gets smaller it LOWERS the frequency)

Front 40

if aperature lowers

Back 40

= Lowers frequency

Front 41

the frequency at which a system vibrates with greatest amplitude when driven by an external vibrating source

Back 41

Natural resonant frequency

Front 42

TRUE OR FALSE
Nasal cavity is used in english vowels

Back 42

FALSE

Front 43

consecutive harmonics example of 250 would be

Back 43

250,500,750
(250+250=500) 500+250=750(3rd)

Front 44

A resonator is considered a?

Back 44

Natural resonant frequency & compared to a filter

Front 45

If volume decreases resonant frequency?

Back 45

Increases

Front 46

If volume increases resonant frequency?

Back 46

Decreases

Front 47

If aperature lowers frequency?

Back 47

Lowers

Front 48

Primary muscles of inhalation(quiet breathing/speech) are

Back 48

Inhalation=
1)**Diaphragm
2) External intercostals (increases air, lung volume, elevates ribs)

Front 49

During quiet breathing, the main force of EXHALATION includes what?

Back 49

Exhalation is passive force
1)Gravity- external intercostals relax & rib cage drop
2) Abdominal pressure
3) Elasticity of Lung tissue
(DO NOT need muscles of exhalation for quiet breathing only for exercise and yelling)

Front 50

what is the vocal fold abductor?

Back 50

Posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA)-PUSH AWAY

Front 51

What are the primary muscles for changing Pitch ?

Back 51

Tensors
MAIN is CRICOTHYROID -(2 parts)
-Pars recta
-Pars Oblique
2) Thyrovocalis

Front 52

What are the ADDUCTORS?

Back 52

1)Thyroarytenoid
-Thyrovocalis
-Thyromuscularis
2)Lateral cricoarytenoids
3)Interarytnoids
-transverse arytenoids
- Oblique arytenoids

Front 53

Muscles used in VP CLOSURE

Back 53

Tensor veli palatini
MAIN ONE IS LEVATOR PALATINI
superior constrictor

Front 54

Line spectrum display displays ?

Back 54

Amplitude on y axis and Frequency on x axis

Front 55

Spectrogram indicates?

Back 55

Frequency on the y axis and time on the x axis
darkness in amplitude

Front 56

A vowel is?

Back 56

Serves as a syllable nucleus
*A vowel can be formed without significant restriction*

Front 57

F1 decreases tongue movement will?

Back 57

pharyngeal will large so the tongue will be up high
F1=HEIGHT

Front 58

If F1 is increased then the tongue will be?

Back 58

Small pharyngeal cavity and tongue will be lower F1=HEIGHT

Front 59

If F2 is increased the tongue will be?

Back 59

small oral cavity and tongue would be forward f2=tongue advancement

Front 60

is F2 is decreased your tongue will be?

Back 60

large oral cavity and TONGUE is back

Front 61

Peterson and barney utilized whom?

Back 61

Utilized men, women and children, only plotted F1 &F2,
Examined vowel perception in the study

Front 62

Peterson and Barney examined what? and plotted it using what formants?

Back 62

Examined vowel perception in the study ONly plotted F1 &F2

Front 63

What did Peterson and Barney discover in their perceptual portion of the study?

Back 63

That vowels /i/ and /u/ are the most consistently perceived

Front 64

During the production of most vowels the vocal tract functions as a?

Back 64

DOUBLE RESONATOR

Front 65

what muscle drops the tongue?

Back 65

Hyoglossus

Front 66

What muscles brings tongue forward when producing /i/?

Back 66

Genioglossus

Front 67

when producing /u/ which muscles brings the tongue up and back?

Back 67

Styloglossus

Front 68

vowel /u/ is characterized by?

Back 68

a relatively large oral cavity
relatively large pharyngeal cavity