Hcib Ap Psychology Famous People To Know Set (Ap Exam Review)

Front 1

Frances Galton

Back 1

Maintained that personality and ability depend almost entirely on genetic inheritance.

(Human traits are Inherited)

Front 2

Charles Darwin

Back 2

Theory of Evolution;

Survival of the Fittest-Origin of the Species

Front 3

William Wundt

Back 3

Introspection

Father of Modern or Scientific Psychology

Front 4

John Watson

Back 4

Founder of Behavorism

Applied Classical Conditioning to Advertising.

Little Albert Experiment w/the white rat.

Front 5

Alfred Adler

Back 5

Neo-Freudian

Believed social tensions shaped personality

Believed people are primarily searching for self esteem and achieving the ideal self.

Known for individual psychology.

People had to overcome feelings on inferiority.

Front 6

Carl Jung

Back 6

Disciple of Freud; Extended his theories.

Collective/Personal unconscious

Coined terms Introversion/Extraversion.

Known for analytical psychology.

Front 7

Gordon Allport

Back 7

3 Levels of Traits;

Cardinal (Dominant traits),

Central Traits (Common to all people), and Secondary Traits (Surfaces in some situations but not others)

Front 8

Albert Ellis

Back 8

Father of Rational Emotive Theory, which focuses on altering client's patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behaviour and emotion

Confrontational approach.

Front 9

Abraham Maslow

Back 9

Humanist Psychologist; Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Front 10

Carl Rogers

Back 10

Humanist Psychologist; Believed people will naturally strive for self actualization and high self esteem, unless society taints them.

Front 11

B.F. Skinner

Back 11

Operant Conditioning

Skinner Box

Only concerned with behavior, not cause or the unconscious.

Freedom is an illusion.

Front 12

Ivan Pavlov

Back 12

Father of Classical Conditioning

Front 13

Noam Chomsky

Back 13

Believed there are an infinite number of sentences in a language and that humans have an inborn native ability to learn a language. Words and concepts are learned but the brain is hardwired for grammar and language.

Front 14

Jean Piaget

Back 14

Four-Stage Theory of Cognitve Development;

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete Operational

Formal Operational

Front 15

Erik Erikson

Back 15

People evolve through 8 stages over the lifespan; each stage is marked with a psychological crisis

Front 16

Lawrence Kohlberg

Back 16

Theory with 3 levels of Moral Reasoning

(Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional)

and each can be divided into 2 stages.

Front 17

Carol Gilligan

Back 17

Criticized Kohlberg's work;

Only Observing Boys and

Overlooked potential differences between the habitual moral judgment of Men and Women.

Front 18

Hans Eysenck

Back 18

Believed that Personality is determined to a large extent by genes;

Used terms Extroversion and Introversion

Front 19

S. Schacter

Back 19

Believed that Physical Arousal and then labeling of the arousal was required to expierence emotion.

Front 20

Mary Cover Jones

Back 20

Systematic Desensitization; Maintained that Fear could be unlearned

Front 21

Benjamin Whorf

Back 21

Hypothesis that language determines the way we think.

Front 22

Robert Sternberg

Back 22

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence;

1) Academic Problem-Solving Intelligence

2) Practical Intelligence

3) Creative Intelligence

Front 23

Howard Gardener

Back 23

Theory of Multiple Intelligences.

Front 24

Albert Bandura

Back 24

Observational learning.

Self-efficacy

Front 25

E. L. Thorndike

Back 25

Law of effect

Front 26

Alfred Binet

Back 26

General I.Q. Tests

Front 27

Lewis Terman

Back 27

Revised Binet's I.Q. Test and establlished norms for American children.

Front 28

David Weschler

Back 28

Established an intelligence test especially for adults (WAIS)

Front 29

Charles Spearman

Back 29

Concluded that all cognitive abilities showed a common core which he labeled "g" for general ability and "s" for specific ability.

Front 30

H. Rorschach

Back 30

Developed the Inkblot Test.

Front 31

Philip ZImbardo

Back 31

Stanford Prison Experiment

Proved people's behavior depends to a large extent the roles they are asked to play.

Front 32

David Rosenhan

Back 32

Conducted a hospital experiment to test the diagnosis that hospitals make on patients.

Front 33

S. Asch

Back 33

Study of conformity.

Front 34

Stanley Milgram

Back 34

Conducted a study on obedience when he had a subject stick a patient to the extent that they would be seriously injuring the patient.

Front 35

Harry Harlow

Back 35

Studied theory of attachment in infant Rhesus monkeys.

Front 36

William Sheldon

Back 36

Theory that linked personality to physique on the ground that both are governed by genetic endowment.

Emdomophic (large)

Mesomorphic (average)

Ectomorphic (skinny)

Front 37

Sigmund Frued

Back 37

Psychoanalytical theory that focuses on the unconscious; id, ego, superego; Believe innate drives for sex and aggression are the primary motives for our behavior and personalities.

Front 38

Karen Horney

Back 38

Criticized Frued, said that personality is continually molded by current fears and impulses rather than being determined solely by childhood experiences.

Basic anxiety disturbs our security in childhood.

Focused on gender differences.

Front 39

Martin Seligman

Back 39

Learned helplessness is the giving up reaction that occurs from the experience that whatever you do you cannot change your situation.

Front 40

H, Ebbinghas

Back 40

First to conduct scientific studies on memory and forgetting; forgetting curves.

Flaw: nonsense syllables led to quickly forgetting.

Front 41

Hubel/Wisel

Back 41

Did a study on the activities of neurons in the visual cortex.

Front 42

Walter B. Cannon

Back 42

Believe that gastric activity in an empty stomach was the sole reason for hunger.

The conscious and visceral experience occurred simultaneously.

Front 43

Ernst Weber

Back 43

Weber's Law, the just noticeable difference between stimuli is a constant fraction of the intensity of the standard stimulus.

Front 44

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

Back 44

Theory proposes that the terminally ill pass through a sequence of 5 stages.

1. Denial

2. Anger/resentment

3. Bargaining

4. Depression

5. Acceptance

Front 45

Robert Zajonc

Back 45

Mere exposure effect; it is possible to have preferences without inferences and to feel without knowing why.

Front 46

Henry Murray

Back 46

States that the need to achieve varied in strength in different people and influenced their tendency to approach success and evaluate their own performances; devised the TAT (Thematic Appreciation Test) with Christina D. Morgen.

Front 47

David McClelland

Back 47

Devised a way to measure H. Murray's Theory - the need to achieve that varied in strength in different people and influenced their tendency to approach success and evaluate their own performances.

Created scoring system

Front 48

Paul Ekman

Back 48

Theory that facial expressions are universal.

Front 49

James Marcia

Back 49

Studied adolescent stage of Erikson didved adolescent into four groups.

- Foreclosed: (having parents identity)

- Achieved: (Your own Identity)

- diffiused stage of Erikson, differed reused

(not even searching, living day-to-day.

- Moratorium (actively searching for identity.

Front 50

Hans Selye

Back 50

General adaptation system