Hcc146 - Ch. 11 - Endocrine System

Front 1

dips/o

Back 1

thirst

Front 2

pine/o

Back 2

pineal

Front 3

tox/o

Back 3

poison

Front 4

toxic/o

Back 4

poison

Front 5

DM

Back 5

diabetes mellitus

Front 6

FBS

Back 6

fasting blood sugar

Front 7

IDDM

Back 7

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Front 8

NIDDM

Back 8

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Front 9

Addison disease

Back 9

occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormone cortisol and, in some cases, the hormone aldosterone.

Front 10

cretinism

Back 10

This causes arrested physical and mental development, dystrophy of bones and soft parts, and lowered basal metabolism. It is a congenital problem and is treated by giving thyroid hormone.

Front 11

Cushing syndrome

Back 11

complex of symptoms caused by hyperadrenocorticism due either to a neoplasm of the adrenal cortex or adenohypophysis, or to excessive intake of glucocorticoids. Symptoms may include adiposity of the face, neck, and trunk; kyphosis from osteoporosis of the spine; hypertension; diabetes mellitus; amenorrhea and hypertrichosis (excessive hair production) in females; impotence in males; dusky complexion with purple striae (stretch marks); polycythemia; and muscular wasting and weakness. When secondary to excessive secretion of corticotropin (ACTH) by a pituitary adenoma

Front 12

diabetes insipidus

Back 12

chronic excretion of very large amounts of pale urine, causing dehydration and extreme thirst; ordinarily results from inadequate output of pituitary antidiuretic hormone

Front 13

diabetes mellitus

Back 13

metabolic disease in which carbohydrate utilization is reduced and that of fat and protein is enhanced

Front 14

dwarfism

Back 14

a medical or genetic condition that usually results in an adult height of 4'10" or shorter, among both men and women’ frequently diagnosed cause of short stature is achondroplasia, a genetic condition that results in disproportionately short arms and legs
Growth hormone deficiency involves abnormally short stature with normal body proportions

Front 15

gigantism

Back 15

abnormal overgrowth; excessive size and stature, due to excessive secretion of growth hormone during childhood before the closure of the bone growth plates, which causes overgrowth of the long bones and very tall stature.

Front 16

hyperinsulism

Back 16

excessive secretion of insulin by the pancreatic islets, resulting in hypoglycemia - an abnormally diminished concentration of glucose in the blood, which may lead to tremulousness, cold sweat, piloerection, hypothermia, and headache; when chronic and severe it may cause central nervous system manifestations that in rare cases can even be fatal

Front 17

ketoacidosis

Back 17

dangerously high levels of ketones (ketones are acids that build up in the blood)

Front 18

myxedema

Back 18

in adults or acquired cretinism. These patients have decreased metabolic rate, anemia, large tongue, and slow speech, puffiness of hands and face, coarse and edematous skin, loss and dryness of hair, mental apathy, drowsiness and sensitivity to cold. Giving replacement thyroid hormone treats the patients.

Front 19

pheochromocytoma

Back 19

a usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the adrenal medulla. Because of increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, hypertension is a cardinal symptom; it may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be headache; sweating; palpitation and tremor; pallor or flushing of the face; nausea and vomiting; pain in the chest and abdomen; and paresthesias of the extremities

Front 20

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Back 20

inability to excrete dilute urine, retention of water within the body, and low sodium levels. most common causes of SIADH are brain infections and surgery, neoplasm, and drug side effects . Treatment is restriction of fluid intake

Front 21

6-hour glucose tolerance test

Back 21

glucose ingested in a fasting state, blood glucose measured hourly for 6 hours; determines if patient has hypoglycemia or diabetes mellitus

Front 22

blood chemistry, electrolytes

Back 22

electrolytes - a substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity. The electrolytes monitored include:
sodium - functions in the body to maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and to transmit nerve impulses.
potassium - needed for proper nerve and muscle action
chloride - influences osmotic pressure, it also helps monitor acid-base balance and water balance
calcium - involved in bone metabolism, protein absorption, fat transfer muscular contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting, and cardiac function

Front 23

fasting blood sugar

Back 23

measures amount of glucose in the blood

Front 24

glucometer testing

Back 24

finger prick to test blood for blood sugar level

Front 25

insulin production test

Back 25

to help evaluate insulin production, diagnose an insulinoma (insulin-producing pancreatic islet cell tumor), and to help determine the cause of hypoglycemia

Front 26

thyroid tests

Back 26

T4 or serum thyroxine - chief function is to increase the rate of cell metabolism; essential for central nervous system maturation and regulates a number of other functions.
T3 or triiodothyronine - "tissue-active" form of thyroid hormone - most of thyroid hormone is T4

Front 27

urine dipstick test

Back 27

urine test for the presence of blood, protein, or sugar; a test strip dipped into urine, allowed to change color and then compared to a chart to determine how much blood is in the urine

Front 28

thyroidectomy

Back 28

excision of the thyroid gland – usually just part of it