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1580 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
yellow
|
xanth lute
|
|
|
|
red
|
erythro
|
|
|
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hip bone
|
ili ilium
|
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|
|
pelvis
|
pelv pyel
|
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|
|
part of the intestine
|
ile
|
|
|
|
bladder sac
|
vesic cyst
|
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sac pouch
|
burs
|
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|
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grey
|
glauc
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|
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eye
|
ocul ophthal
|
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|
|
bone
|
ost oss osteo
|
|
|
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arm
|
brachio
|
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|
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nose
|
nas rhin
|
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|
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vagina
|
colp
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tooth
|
dent odont
|
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bronchial
|
bronchi broncho
|
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cornea scaly
|
kerat
|
|
|
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seed
|
semin
|
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|
|
extremities
|
acr
|
|
|
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pus
|
pyo
|
|
|
|
tail
|
caud
|
|
|
|
pleura of lung
|
pleur
|
|
|
|
covering
|
cort
|
|
|
|
vomit
|
emes
|
|
|
|
milk
|
lacto
|
|
|
|
clot
|
thrombo
|
|
|
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nostrils
|
nares
|
|
|
|
child
|
paed
|
|
|
|
penis
|
balan
|
|
|
|
rectum
|
procto
|
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|
|
wrist
|
carp
|
|
|
|
facies face
|
faci
|
|
|
|
armpit
|
axill
|
|
|
|
nerve
|
neuro
|
|
|
|
gums
|
gingiva
|
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|
|
joint
|
arthro
|
|
|
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iris
|
iri
|
|
|
|
muscle
|
myo
|
|
|
|
diaphragm
|
phrenic
|
|
|
|
neck
|
cervic trachel
|
|
|
|
ovary
|
ovario oophoro
|
|
|
|
kidney
|
ren nephro
|
|
|
|
organ
|
viscera
|
|
|
|
intestine
|
enter
|
|
|
|
tongue
|
gloss glott lingua
|
|
|
|
back
|
re dors
|
|
|
|
gland
|
aden
|
|
|
|
knee
|
genu
|
|
|
|
nipple
|
thel
|
|
|
|
pharynx
|
pharyng
|
|
|
|
lung
|
pneum pulm
|
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|
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band (fibrous)
|
fascia
|
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|
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blister
|
bleb
|
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|
|
green
|
chlor
|
|
|
|
old woman
|
anil
|
|
|
|
urine
|
uro
|
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|
|
sweat
|
hidr
|
|
|
|
air
|
aer
|
|
|
|
adrenal glands
|
adren
|
|
|
|
night
|
noct
|
|
|
|
sugar glucose
|
glyc gluc
|
|
|
|
trachea
|
trache
|
|
|
|
heat
|
therm
|
|
|
|
gallbladder
|
cholecyst
|
|
|
|
mucus
|
myx
|
|
|
|
cancer (malignant)
|
carcin
|
|
|
|
stone
|
lith
|
|
|
|
black
|
melan
|
|
|
|
bile gall
|
bili chole
|
|
|
|
calcium
|
calc
|
|
|
|
blood
|
hem hema hemat
|
|
|
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pregnant
|
gravid
|
|
|
|
starch
|
amyl
|
|
|
|
self
|
auto
|
|
|
|
birth
|
natus
|
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|
|
tissue
|
hist
|
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|
|
fat
|
adip
|
|
|
|
death
|
necr
|
|
|
|
white
|
leuko alb
|
|
|
|
blue
|
cyan
|
|
|
|
salvia
|
sial
|
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|
|
bowl of kidney
|
pyelo
|
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membrane
|
mening
|
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lip
|
labia cheil
|
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life
|
bio
|
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|
|
fluid
|
lymph
|
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|
|
tube
|
salpingo
|
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bone marrow spinal cord
|
myelo
|
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heart
|
cardi
|
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egg
|
ovi
|
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abdomen
|
lapar
|
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larynx
|
laryng
|
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cartilage
|
chondro
|
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|
foot
|
ped pod
|
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|
hip
|
coxa
|
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|
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elbow forearm
|
cubitus
|
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|
|
cell
|
cyt cyte
|
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|
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head
|
cephalo
|
|
|
|
ribs
|
cost
|
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cheek
|
buccal
|
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|
|
skull
|
cranio
|
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|
mouth
|
stoma
|
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water
|
hydro aqua
|
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|
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breast
|
mast mamm
|
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|
stomach
|
gastro
|
|
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hand
|
chiro
|
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|
|
human
|
anthrop
|
|
|
|
liver
|
hepato
|
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|
|
vein
|
phleb veno
|
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|
uterus womb
|
hyster metro
|
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|
|
spleen
|
splen
|
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spine
|
spondyl
|
|
|
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artery
|
arterio
|
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colon
|
col
|
|
|
|
finger nail toe nail
|
onych
|
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|
brain
|
cerebro encephal
|
|
|
|
women
|
gyne
|
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|
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thorax
|
thorac
|
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skin
|
cut derma
|
|
|
|
testes
|
orchid
|
|
|
|
heel
|
calcane
|
|
|
|
tendon
|
ten tendin
|
|
|
|
man male
|
andro
|
|
|
|
finger toe
|
phalang
|
|
|
|
lower back
|
lumb
|
|
|
|
ear hearing
|
aur aud oto
|
|
|
|
vessel
|
vas angio
|
|
|
|
body
|
soma
|
|
|
|
wax suet
|
sebum
|
|
|
|
Question
|
Answer
|
|
|
|
source origin
|
genic
|
|
|
|
swallow eat
|
phagia
|
|
|
|
hernia
|
cele
|
|
|
|
seperate
|
crit
|
|
|
|
drooping down
|
ptosis
|
|
|
|
removal
|
apheresis
|
|
|
|
formation
|
poiesis
|
|
|
|
absence of normal body opening; closure
|
atresia
|
|
|
|
killing
|
cidal
|
|
|
|
one who specialises
|
ist
|
|
|
|
fixation (tissue)
|
pexy
|
|
|
|
passage
|
porosis
|
|
|
|
spitting
|
ptysis
|
|
|
|
love
|
philia phily
|
|
|
|
slight paralysis
|
paresis
|
|
|
|
like similar
|
oid
|
|
|
|
poison
|
septic toxic
|
|
|
|
carbon dioxide
|
capina
|
|
|
|
smell
|
odia
|
|
|
|
dilatation expansion
|
ectasis
|
|
|
|
mental disorder
|
phrenia
|
|
|
|
seizure
|
ictal lepsy
|
|
|
|
rupture
|
rrhexis
|
|
|
|
surgical fixation
|
desis
|
|
|
|
madness insane desire
|
mania
|
|
|
|
berry shaped
|
coccus cocci
|
|
|
|
run running
|
drome
|
|
|
|
form shape
|
morph
|
|
|
|
contraction
|
spasm
|
|
|
|
tumor
|
oma
|
|
|
|
speech disorder
|
phasia
|
|
|
|
swelling (fluid)
|
dema
|
|
|
|
plastic surgery
|
plasty
|
|
|
|
softening
|
malacia
|
|
|
|
surgical removal
|
ectomy
|
|
|
|
secrete within
|
crine
|
|
|
|
puncture
|
centesis
|
|
|
|
disease
|
pathy
|
|
|
|
hardening
|
sclerosis
|
|
|
|
narrowing
|
stenosis
|
|
|
|
displacement
|
ectopia
|
|
|
|
ligaments
|
syndes
|
|
|
|
irrigating washing
|
clysis
|
|
|
|
meal
|
prandial
|
|
|
|
digestion
|
pepsia
|
|
|
|
growth (physical)
|
physis
|
|
|
|
opening
|
duct
|
|
|
|
blood
|
emia
|
|
|
|
picture
|
gram graph
|
|
|
|
feeling
|
phoria
|
|
|
|
nourishment
|
trophy
|
|
|
|
oxygen
|
oxia
|
|
|
|
urine
|
uria
|
|
|
|
finger toe
|
dactyl
|
|
|
|
instrument to view
|
scope
|
|
|
|
flowing discharge
|
rrhea
|
|
|
|
breathing
|
pnea
|
|
|
|
visual examination
|
scopy
|
|
|
|
pain
|
algia dynia
|
|
|
|
crushing
|
tripsy
|
|
|
|
fear
|
phobia
|
|
|
|
hemorrhage
|
rrhagia
|
|
|
|
deficiency
|
penia
|
|
|
|
suture stitch
|
rrhaphy
|
|
|
|
inflammation
|
itis
|
|
|
|
incision
|
tomy
|
|
|
|
surgical opening
|
stomy
|
|
|
|
study of
|
ology
|
|
|
|
break
|
clast clasia clasis
|
|
|
|
infection
|
sepsis
|
|
|
|
stoppage
|
stasis
|
|
|
|
Question
|
Answer
|
|
|
|
short
|
brachy brevi
|
|
|
|
ana
|
up apart
|
|
|
|
beyond excess
|
ultra
|
|
|
|
together
|
co con com
|
|
|
|
ankyl
|
fuse bind
|
|
|
|
over above
|
super supra
|
|
|
|
many
|
poly multi
|
|
|
|
thousand
|
kilo
|
|
|
|
slow
|
brady
|
|
|
|
double
|
diplo
|
|
|
|
four
|
tetra
|
|
|
|
birth labour
|
part
|
|
|
|
in into not
|
in
|
|
|
|
away from
|
ab
|
|
|
|
weight
|
bar
|
|
|
|
near nearest
|
proxim
|
|
|
|
new
|
neo
|
|
|
|
side
|
latr
|
|
|
|
beside beyond around
|
para
|
|
|
|
deficient below incomplete
|
hypo
|
|
|
|
through across beyond
|
trans
|
|
|
|
one
|
uni
|
|
|
|
three
|
tri
|
|
|
|
panting
|
asthma
|
|
|
|
split
|
schiz
|
|
|
|
right
|
dextr
|
|
|
|
together joined
|
sym syn
|
|
|
|
before in front of
|
pre pro ante
|
|
|
|
one single
|
mono
|
|
|
|
small
|
micro
|
|
|
|
between
|
inter
|
|
|
|
bad
|
mal
|
|
|
|
weakness lack
|
asthen
|
|
|
|
part of a thousandth
|
milli
|
|
|
|
left
|
sinistr
|
|
|
|
upon
|
apo
|
|
|
|
straight
|
ortho
|
|
|
|
ecessive aabove
|
hyper
|
|
|
|
front anterior
|
anter
|
|
|
|
swelling (fluid)
|
edem
|
|
|
|
scanty few
|
oligo
|
|
|
|
end
|
tel
|
|
|
|
first
|
primi
|
|
|
|
under below
|
sub infra
|
|
|
|
toward
|
ad
|
|
|
|
harden skin
|
call
|
|
|
|
scaly
|
squam
|
|
|
|
choke
|
angin
|
|
|
|
same unchanging
|
homo homeo
|
|
|
|
through complete
|
dia
|
|
|
|
outside outward
|
ex exo extra
|
|
|
|
inward
|
eso
|
|
|
|
absence removal separation
|
dis
|
|
|
|
difficult painful abnormal
|
dys
|
|
|
|
like similar
|
al
|
|
|
|
equal same
|
iso
|
|
|
|
varied irregular
|
poikilo
|
|
|
|
against
|
anti contra
|
|
|
|
down
|
cata
|
|
|
|
middle
|
meso
|
|
|
|
hundredth
|
centi
|
|
|
|
good normal
|
eu
|
|
|
|
behind after
|
post
|
|
|
|
after beyond change
|
meta
|
|
|
|
none
|
nulli
|
|
|
|
tenth
|
deci
|
|
|
|
all total
|
pan
|
|
|
|
two
|
bi bin ambi
|
|
|
|
FALSE
|
pseudo
|
|
|
|
half
|
semi hemi
|
|
|
|
menstruate
|
mens meno
|
|
|
|
from down from lack of
|
de
|
|
|
|
without
|
a an
|
|
|
|
outside
|
ecto
|
|
|
|
large
|
macro
|
|
|
|
rapid fast
|
tachy
|
|
|
|
far farest
|
dist
|
|
|
|
narrowing
|
stric
|
|
|
|
backward back behind
|
retro
|
|
|
|
around surrounding
|
peri circum
|
|
|
|
upper above on upon over
|
epi
|
|
|
|
inside within
|
endo intra
|
|
|
|
Question
|
Answer
|
|
|
|
aden/o
|
gland
|
|
|
|
carcin/o
|
cancer
|
|
|
|
cardi/o
|
heart
|
|
|
|
chem/o
|
chemical
|
|
|
|
cis/o
|
to cut
|
|
|
|
dermat/o
|
skin
|
|
|
|
enter/o
|
small intestines
|
|
|
|
gastr/o
|
stomach
|
|
|
|
gynec/o
|
female
|
|
|
|
hemat/o
|
blood
|
|
|
|
hydr/o
|
water
|
|
|
|
immun/o
|
immune
|
|
|
|
laryng/o
|
voice box
|
|
|
|
morph/o
|
shape
|
|
|
|
nephr/o
|
kidney
|
|
|
|
neur/o
|
nerve
|
|
|
|
opthalm/o
|
eye
|
|
|
|
ot/o
|
ear
|
|
|
|
path/o
|
disease
|
|
|
|
pulmon/o
|
lung
|
|
|
|
rhin/o
|
nose
|
|
|
|
ur/o
|
"urine,urinary tract"
|
|
|
|
a-
|
"without, away from"
|
|
|
|
an-
|
without
|
|
|
|
anti-
|
against
|
|
|
|
auto-
|
self
|
|
|
|
brady-
|
slow
|
|
|
|
dys-
|
"painful, difficult"
|
|
|
|
eu-
|
"normal, good"
|
|
|
|
hetero-
|
different
|
|
|
|
homo-
|
same
|
|
|
|
hydro-
|
water
|
|
|
|
macro-
|
large
|
|
|
|
micro-
|
small
|
|
|
|
neo-
|
new
|
|
|
|
pan-
|
all
|
|
|
|
per-
|
through
|
|
|
|
post-
|
after
|
|
|
|
pseudo-
|
FALSE
|
|
|
|
retro-
|
"backward, behind"
|
|
|
|
sub-
|
"below, under"
|
|
|
|
super-
|
"above, excess"
|
|
|
|
supra-
|
above
|
|
|
|
tachy-
|
"rapid, fast"
|
|
|
|
trans-
|
"through, across"
|
|
|
|
ultra-
|
"beyond, excess"
|
|
|
|
bi-
|
two
|
|
|
|
di-
|
two
|
|
|
|
quad-
|
four
|
|
|
|
semi-
|
"partial, half"
|
|
|
|
tri-
|
three
|
|
|
|
-algia
|
pain
|
|
|
|
-cele
|
"hernia, protrusion"
|
|
|
|
-cise
|
cut
|
|
|
|
-dynia
|
pain
|
|
|
|
-ectasis
|
dilatation
|
|
|
|
-ectopia
|
displacement
|
|
|
|
-gen
|
that which produces
|
|
|
|
-genesis
|
"produces, generates"
|
|
|
|
-genic
|
producing
|
|
|
|
-ia
|
"state, condition"
|
|
|
|
-iasis
|
abnormal condition
|
|
|
|
-ism
|
state of
|
|
|
|
-itis
|
inflammation
|
|
|
|
-logist
|
one who studies
|
|
|
|
-logy
|
study of
|
|
|
|
-lysis
|
destruction
|
|
|
|
-malacia
|
abnormal softening
|
|
|
|
-megaly
|
"enlargement, large"
|
|
|
|
-oma
|
"tumor, mass"
|
|
|
|
-osis
|
abnormal condition
|
|
|
|
-pathy
|
disease
|
|
|
|
-plasia
|
"development, growth"
|
|
|
|
-plasm
|
"formation, development"
|
|
|
|
-ptosis
|
drooping
|
|
|
|
-rrhage
|
excessive
|
|
|
|
-rrhea
|
"discharge, flow"
|
|
|
|
-rrhexis
|
rupture
|
|
|
|
-sclerosis
|
hardening
|
|
|
|
-stenosis
|
narrowing
|
|
|
|
-therapy
|
treatment
|
|
|
|
-trophy
|
"nourishment, development"
|
|
|
|
-uria
|
condition of the urine
|
|
|
|
-centesis
|
puncture to withdraw fluid
|
|
|
|
-ectomy
|
surgical removal
|
|
|
|
-ostomy
|
surgically create an opening
|
|
|
|
-otomy
|
cutting into
|
|
|
|
-pexy
|
surgical fixation
|
|
|
|
Surgical Suffix -plasty
|
surgical repair
|
|
|
|
Surgical Suffix -rrhaphy
|
suture
|
|
|
|
-gram
|
record or picture
|
|
|
|
-graph
|
instrument for recording
|
|
|
|
-graphy
|
process of recording
|
|
|
|
-meter
|
instrument for measuring
|
|
|
|
-metry
|
process of measuring
|
|
|
|
-scope
|
instrument for viewing
|
|
|
|
-scopy
|
process of visually examining
|
|
|
|
-a Singular: vertebra
|
vertebrae
|
|
|
|
-ax Singular: thorax
|
thoraces
|
|
|
|
-ex or -ix Singular: appendix
|
appendices
|
|
|
|
-ma Singular: sarcoma
|
sarcomata
|
|
|
|
-nx Singular: phalanx
|
phalanges
|
|
|
|
-is Singular: metastasis
|
metastases
|
|
|
|
-on Singular: ganglion
|
ganglia
|
|
|
|
-us Singular: nucleus
|
nuclei
|
|
|
|
-um Singular: ovum
|
ova
|
|
|
|
-y Singular: biopsy
|
biopsies
|
|
|
|
"Written or dictated by the admitting physician; details the patient's history, results of the physician's examination, initial diagnoses, and physician's plan of treatment."
|
History and Physical
|
|
|
|
"A complete list of the care, medications, tests, and treatments the physican orders for the patient."
|
Physician's Orders
|
|
|
|
"Record of the patient's care throughout the day; includes vital signs, treatment specifics, patient's response to treatment, and patient's condition."
|
Nurses's Notes
|
|
|
|
"The physician's daily record of the patient's condition, results of the physician's examinations, summary of the test results, update assessment and diagnoses, and further plans for the patient's care."
|
Physician's Progress Notes
|
|
|
|
The report given by a specialist whom the physician has asked to evaluate the patient.
|
Consultation Reports
|
|
|
|
"Reports from various treatments and therapies the patient has received, such as rehabilitation, social services, or respiratory therapy."
|
Ancillary Reports
|
|
|
|
"Results of all diagnostic tests performed on the patient, principally from the lab and medical imaging (for example, X-rays and ultrasound)"
|
Diagnostic Reports
|
|
|
|
"A document voluntarily signed by the patient or a responsible party that clearly describes the purpose, methods, procedures, benefits, and risks of a diagnostic or treatment procedure."
|
Informed Consent
|
|
|
|
"Report from the surgeon detailling an operation; includes a pre- and postoperative diagnosis, specific details of the surgical procedure itself, and how the patient tolerated the procedure."
|
Operative Report
|
|
|
|
"Relates the details regarding the drugs given to a patient, the patient's response to anesthesia, and vital signs during surgery."
|
Anesthesiologist's Report
|
|
|
|
"The report given by a pathologist who studies tissue removed from the patient (for example, bone marrow, blood, or tissue biopsy)."
|
Pathologist's Report
|
|
|
|
"A comprehensive outline of the patient's entire hospital stay; includes condition at time of admission, admitting diagnosis, test results, treatments and patient's response, final diagnosis, and follow up plans"
|
Discharge Summary
|
|
|
|
"These hospitals typically provide services to diagnose (laboratory, diagnostic imaging) and treat (surgery, medications, therapy) diseases for a short period of time. In addition, they usually provide emergency and obstetrical care."
|
Acute Care or General Hospitals
|
|
|
|
These hospitals provide care for very specific types of diseases. A good example is a psychiatric hospital.
|
Specialty Care Hospitals
|
|
|
|
"These facilities provide long term care for patients who need extra time to recover from an illness or injury before they return home, or for persons who can no longer care for themselves."
|
Nursing Homes or Long-Term Care Facilities
|
|
|
|
These facilities provide services that do not require overnight hospitalization. The services range from simple surgeries to diagnostic testing or therapy.
|
"Ambulatory Care, Surgical Centers, or Outpatient Clinics"
|
|
|
|
Individual or groups of physicians providing diagnostic and treatment services in a private office setting
|
Physicians' Offices
|
|
|
|
"A group of primary care physicians, specialists, and other health care professionals who provide a wide range of services in a prepaid system."
|
Health Maintenance Organization
|
|
|
|
"Agencies that provide nursing, therapy, personal care, or housekeeping services in the patient's own home."
|
Home Health Care
|
|
|
|
Theses facilities provide intensive physical and occupational therapy. They include impatient and outpatient treatment.
|
Rehabilitation Centers
|
|
|
|
An organized group of health care workers who provide supportive treatment to dying patients and their families.
|
Hospices
|
|
|
|
abdomin/o
|
abdomen
|
|
|
|
adip/o
|
fat
|
|
|
|
anter/o
|
front
|
|
|
|
caud/o
|
tail
|
|
|
|
cephal/o
|
head
|
|
|
|
chondr/o
|
cartilage
|
|
|
|
crani/o
|
skull
|
|
|
|
cyt/o
|
cell
|
|
|
|
dist/o
|
away from
|
|
|
|
dors/o
|
back of body
|
|
|
|
epitheli/o
|
epithelium
|
|
|
|
hist/o
|
tissue
|
|
|
|
infer/o
|
below
|
|
|
|
later/o
|
side
|
|
|
|
medi/o
|
middle
|
|
|
|
muscul/o
|
muscle
|
|
|
|
neur/o
|
nerve
|
|
|
|
organ/o
|
organ
|
|
|
|
oste/o
|
bone
|
|
|
|
pelv/o
|
pelvis
|
|
|
|
poster/o
|
back
|
|
|
|
proxim/o
|
near to
|
|
|
|
somat/o
|
body
|
|
|
|
spin/o
|
spine
|
|
|
|
super/o
|
above
|
|
|
|
system/o
|
system
|
|
|
|
thorac/o
|
chest
|
|
|
|
ventr/o
|
belly
|
|
|
|
viscer/o
|
internal organ
|
|
|
|
post-
|
behind or after
|
|
|
|
retro-
|
behind or backward
|
|
|
|
sub-
|
under or below
|
|
|
|
supra-
|
above
|
|
|
|
trans-
|
through or across
|
|
|
|
The study of cells and their functions
|
cytology
|
|
|
|
Basic unit of all living things; fundamental unit of life.
|
Cell
|
|
|
|
"A whole, living individual. The sum of all the cells, tissues, organs, and systems working together to sustain life."
|
organism
|
|
|
|
"Groups of different types of tissue comming together to perform special functions. For example, the heart contains muscular fibers, nerve tissue, and blood vessels."
|
organs
|
|
|
|
Composed of several organs working in a compatible manner to perform a complex function or functions.
|
systems
|
|
|
|
Formed when cells of the same type are grouped to perform one activity.
|
tissues
|
|
|
|
Study of tissue
|
Histology
|
|
|
|
A type of connective tissue. Also called fat. It stores energy and provides protective padding for underlying structures.
|
Adipose Tissue
|
|
|
|
A type of connective tissue and an organ of the musculoskeletal system. They provide support for the body and serve as sites of muscle attachments.
|
Bone
|
|
|
|
"One of the largest organs in the body and coordinates most body activities. It is the center for all thought, memory, judgment, and emotion."
|
Brain
|
|
|
|
The involuntary muscle found in the heart.
|
Cardiac Muscle
|
|
|
|
"The supporting and protecting tissue in body structures. Examples are fat or adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone."
|
Connective Tissue
|
|
|
|
"Strong, flexible connective tissue found in several locations in the body, such as covering the ends of bones in a synovial joint, nasal septum, external ear, eustachian tube, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and the intervertebral discs."
|
Cartilage
|
|
|
|
"Tissue found throughout the body as the skin, the outer covering of organs, and the inner lining for tubular or hollow structures."
|
Epithelial Tissue
|
|
|
|
"These membranes line body passages that open directly to the exterior of the body, such as the mouth and reproductive tract, and secrete a thick substance, or mucus."
|
Mucous Membrane
|
|
|
|
"Tissue that is able to contract and shorten its length, thereby producing movement. May be under voluntary control (attached to the bones) or involuntary control (heart and digestive organs)."
|
Muscle Tissue
|
|
|
|
Structures in the nervous system that conduct electrical impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and other organs.
|
Nerves
|
|
|
|
Conducts electrical impulses to and from the brain and the rest of the body.
|
Nervous Tissue
|
|
|
|
The name for an individual nerve cell. They group together to form nerves and other nervous tissue.
|
Neuron
|
|
|
|
A voluntary muscle that is attached to bones by a tendon.
|
Skeletal Muscle
|
|
|
|
The major organ of the integumentary system. It forms a barrier between the external and internal environments.
|
Skin
|
|
|
|
An involuntary muscle found in internal organs such as the digestive organs or blood vessels.
|
Smooth Muscle
|
|
|
|
System that transports blood to all areas of the body. Organs include the heart and blood vessels.
|
Cardiovascular System
|
|
|
|
"System that digests food and absorbs nutrients. Organs include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and anus."
|
Digestive System
|
|
|
|
"The body system that consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream. Include the adrenal glands, parathyroid glands, pancreas, pituitary gland, testes, ovaries, thymus gland, and thyroid gland."
|
Endocrine System
|
|
|
|
"System responsible for producing eggs for reproduction and provides place for growing baby. Organs include ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands."
|
Female Reproductive System
|
|
|
|
"The system that consists of plasma and blood cells- erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets; responsible for transporting oxygen, protecting against pathogens, and controlling bleeding."
|
Hematic System
|
|
|
|
"The skin and its appendages including sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails. Sense organs that allow us to respond to changes in temperature, pain, touch, and pressure are located in the skin. It is the largest organ in the body."
|
Integumentary System
|
|
|
|
"System that helps the body fight infection. Organs include the spleen, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes."
|
Lymphatic System
|
|
|
|
"System responsible for producing sperm for reproduction; organs include testes, vas deferens, urethra, prostate gland, and penis."
|
Male Reproductive System
|
|
|
|
"System that provides support for the body and produces movement. Organs include muscles, tendons, bones, joints, and cartilage."
|
Musculoskeletal System
|
|
|
|
"System that coordinates all the conscious and subconscious activities of the body. Organs include the brain, spinal cord, and nerves."
|
Nervous System
|
|
|
|
"System that brings oxygen into the lungs and expels carbon dioxide. Organs include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs."
|
Respiratory System
|
|
|
|
"Perceive environmental conditions. The eyes, ears, nose, and tongue contain these organs."
|
Special Sense Organs
|
|
|
|
"System that filters wastes from the blood and excretes the waste products in the form of urine. Organs include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra."
|
Urinary System
|
|
|
|
This vertical plane runs lengthwise from front to back and divides the body or any of its parts into left and right portions. The portions do not have to be equal.
|
Sagittal Plane or Median Plane
|
|
|
|
"This plane divides the body into front and back portions. In other words, this is a vertical lengthwise plane running from side to side."
|
Frontal Plane or Coronal Plane
|
|
|
|
This is a crosswise plane that runs parallel to the ground. This imaginary cut would divide the body or its parts into upper and lower portions.
|
Transverse Plane or Horizontal Plane
|
|
|
|
"More toward the head, or above another structure."
|
Superior or Cephalic
|
|
|
|
"More toward the feet or tail, or below another structure."
|
Inferior or Caudal
|
|
|
|
More toward the front or belly side of the body.
|
Anterior or Ventral
|
|
|
|
More toward the back or spinal cord side of the body.
|
Posterior or Dorsal
|
|
|
|
Refers to the middle or near the middle of the body or the structure.
|
Medial
|
|
|
|
Refers to the side.
|
Lateral
|
|
|
|
Tip or summit of an organ.
|
Apex
|
|
|
|
Bottom or lower part of an organ.
|
Base
|
|
|
|
Located nearer to the point of attachment to the body.
|
Proximal
|
|
|
|
Located farther away from the point of attachment to the body.
|
Distal
|
|
|
|
More toward the surface of the body.
|
Superficial
|
|
|
|
Further away from the surface of the body.
|
Deep
|
|
|
|
The body lying horizontally and facing upward.
|
Supine
|
|
|
|
The body lying horizontally and facing downward.
|
Prone
|
|
|
|
The superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity.
|
Abdominal Cavity
|
|
|
|
"A ventral cavity consisting of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It contians digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs."
|
Abdominopelvic Cavity
|
|
|
|
A dorsal body cavity. It is within the skull and contains the brain.
|
Cranial Cavity
|
|
|
|
The major muscle of inspiration. It separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity.
|
Diaphragm
|
|
|
|
"The central region of the chest cavity. It contains the organs between the lungs, including the heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea."
|
Mediastinum
|
|
|
|
The outer pleural layer around the lungs. It lines the inside of the chest cavity.
|
Parietal Layer
|
|
|
|
The outer layer of the serous membrane sac lining the abdominopelvic cavity.
|
Parietal Peritoneum
|
|
|
|
The outer layer of the serous membrane sac lining the thoracic cavity.
|
Parietal Pleura
|
|
|
|
The inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity.
|
Pelvic Cavity
|
|
|
|
Cavity formed by the serous membrane sac surrounding the heart.
|
Pericardial Cavity
|
|
|
|
Membranous sac that lines the abdominal cavity and encases the abdominopelvic organs.
|
Peritoneum
|
|
|
|
"A protective double layer of serous membrane around the lungs. The parietal membrane is the outer layer and the visceral layer is the inner membrane. It secretes a thin, watery fluid to reduce friction associated with lung movement."
|
Pleura
|
|
|
|
Cavity formed by the serous membrane sac surrounding the lungs.
|
Pleural Cavity
|
|
|
|
"Pertaining to behind the peritoneum. Used to describe the position of the kidneys, which is outside of the peritoneal sac alongside the spine."
|
Retroperitoneal
|
|
|
|
"These membranes are found lining body cavities and secrete a thin, watery fluid that acts as a lubricant as organs rub against one another."
|
Serous Membrane
|
|
|
|
A dorsal body cavity within the spinal column that contains the spinal cord.
|
Spinal Cavity
|
|
|
|
A ventral body cavity in the chest area that contains the lungs and heart.
|
Thoracic Cavity
|
|
|
|
"The name for the interanl organs of the body, such as the lungs, stomach, and liver."
|
Viscera
|
|
|
|
The inner pleural layer. It adheres to the surface of the lung.
|
Visceral Layer
|
|
|
|
The inner layer of the serous membrane sac encasing the abdominopelvic viscera.
|
Visceral Peritoneum
|
|
|
|
The inner layer of the serous membrane sac encasing the thoracic viscera.
|
Visceral Pleura
|
|
|
|
The 2 dorsal cavities.
|
Cranial Cavity and the Spinal Cavity
|
|
|
|
The 2 main ventral cavities.
|
Thoracic Cavity and Abdominopelvic Cavity. The abdominopelvic cavity can be broken down into two more groups (the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity).
|
|
|
|
Right lateral region of upper row beneath the lower ribs.
|
Right hypochondriac
|
|
|
|
Middle area of upper row above the stomach.
|
Epigastric
|
|
|
|
Left lateral region of the upper row beneath the lower ribs.
|
Left hypochondriac
|
|
|
|
Right lateral region of the middle row at the waist.
|
Right lumbar
|
|
|
|
Central area over the navel.
|
Umbilical
|
|
|
|
Left lateral region of the middle row at the waist.
|
Left lumbar
|
|
|
|
Right lateral region of the lower row at the groin.
|
Right iliac
|
|
|
|
Middle region of the lower row beneath the navel.
|
Hypogastric
|
|
|
|
Left lateral region of the lower row at the groin.
|
Left iliac
|
|
|
|
"Clinical Divisions of the Abdomen Contains majority of liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, right kidney, small intestines, and colon."
|
Right upper quadrant
|
|
|
|
"Contains small intestines and colon, right ovary and fallopian tube, appendix, and right ureter."
|
Right lower quadrant
|
|
|
|
"Contains small portion of liver, spleen, stomach, majority of pancreas, left kidney, small intestines, and colon."
|
Left upper quadrant
|
|
|
|
"Contains small intestines and colon, left ovary and fallopian tube, and left ureter."
|
Left lower quadrant
|
|
|
|
cervic/o
|
neck
|
|
|
|
Abbreviations AP
|
anteroposterior
|
|
|
|
CV
|
Cardiovascular
|
|
|
|
GI
|
Gastrointestinal
|
|
|
|
GU
|
Genitourinary
|
|
|
|
lat
|
Lateral
|
|
|
|
LLQ
|
Left lower quadrant
|
|
|
|
LUQ
|
Left upper quadrant
|
|
|
|
MS
|
Musculoskeletal
|
|
|
|
PA
|
Posteroanterior
|
|
|
|
RLQ
|
Right lower quadrant
|
|
|
|
RUQ
|
Right upper quadrant
|
|
|
|
UGI
|
Upper Gastrointestinal
|
|
|
|
Organs of the Integumentary System
|
"Skin - dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous layer. Accessory organs - hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands"
|
|
|
|
adip/o
|
fat
|
|
|
|
albin/o
|
white
|
|
|
|
bi/o
|
life
|
|
|
|
cry/o
|
cold
|
|
|
|
cutane/o
|
skin
|
|
|
|
cyan/o
|
blue
|
|
|
|
derm/o
|
skin
|
|
|
|
dermat/o
|
skin
|
|
|
|
diaphor/o
|
profuse sweating
|
|
|
|
hidr/o
|
sweat
|
|
|
|
ichthy/o
|
"scaly, dry"
|
|
|
|
kerat/o
|
"hard, horny"
|
|
|
|
leuk/o
|
white
|
|
|
|
lip/o
|
fat
|
|
|
|
melan/o
|
black
|
|
|
|
myc/o
|
fungus
|
|
|
|
necr/o
|
death
|
|
|
|
onych/o
|
nail
|
|
|
|
pachy/o
|
thick
|
|
|
|
pil/o
|
hair
|
|
|
|
py/o
|
pus
|
|
|
|
rhytid/o
|
wrinkle
|
|
|
|
scler/o
|
hard
|
|
|
|
seb/o
|
oil
|
|
|
|
trich/o
|
hair
|
|
|
|
ungu/o
|
nail
|
|
|
|
xanth/o
|
yellow
|
|
|
|
xer/o
|
dry
|
|
|
|
-derma
|
skin
|
|
|
|
-opsy
|
view of
|
|
|
|
-plakia
|
a plate
|
|
|
|
-tome
|
instrument used to cut
|
|
|
|
Hair
|
A structure in the integumentary system
|
|
|
|
Another term for skin
|
Integument
|
|
|
|
"Skin and its appendages including sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails. Sense organs that allow us to respond to changes in temperature, pain, touch, and pressure are located in the skin."
|
Integumentary System
|
|
|
|
Nails
|
A structure in the integumentary system
|
|
|
|
Disease bearing organisms
|
pathogens
|
|
|
|
Also called oil glands. They produce a substance called sebum that lubricates the skin.
|
Sebaceous glands
|
|
|
|
"Thick, oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands that lubricates the skin to prevent drying out."
|
Sebum
|
|
|
|
"Nerve fibers that are located directly under the surface of the skin. These receptors detect temperature, pain, touch, and pressure."
|
Sensory Receptors
|
|
|
|
"Glands that produce sweat, which assists the body in maintaining its internal temperature by creating a cooling effect when it evaporates."
|
Sweat glands
|
|
|
|
A membrane that contains only a single layer of connective tissue. It does not have an epithelial layer.
|
Connective Tissue Membrane
|
|
|
|
Another term for the skin.
|
Cutaneous Membrane
|
|
|
|
Membranes that contain two layers of tissue: a superficial layer or epithelial tissue and an underlying connective tissue layer.
|
Epithelial Membrane
|
|
|
|
Sticky fluid secreted by mucous membrane lining of the respiratory tract. Assissts in cleansing air by trapping dust and bacteria.
|
Mucus
|
|
|
|
The membrane that lines a synovial joint. It secretes a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid.
|
Synovial Membrane
|
|
|
|
The deepest layer of the epidermis. This living layer constantly multiplies and divides to supply cells to replace the cells that are sloughed off the skin surface.
|
Basal Layer
|
|
|
|
An insoluble fibrous protein present in connective tissue that forms a flexible mat to protect the skin and other parts of the body.
|
Collagen Fibers
|
|
|
|
"The living layer of skin located between the epidermis and the subcutaneous tissue. Also referred to as the dermis, it contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerve fibers, and muscle fibers."
|
Corium
|
|
|
|
The living layer of skin located between the epidermis and the subcutaneous tissue. It is also referred to as the corium or the true skin.
|
Dermis
|
|
|
|
The superficial layer of skin. Composed of squamous epithelium cells.
|
Epidermis
|
|
|
|
"A hard protein substance produced by the body. It is found in hair and nails, and filling the inside of epidermal cells."
|
Keratin
|
|
|
|
Medical term for cells that contain fat molecules
|
lipocytes
|
|
|
|
The black color pigment in the skin. It helps prevent the sun's ultraviolet rays from entering the body.
|
Melanin
|
|
|
|
Special cells in the basal layer of the epidermis. They contain the black pigment melanin.
|
Melanocytes
|
|
|
|
Describes the layers of flat or scale-like cells found in the epidermis.
|
Stratified Squamous Epithelial
|
|
|
|
This is the deepest layer of the skin where fat is formed. This layer of fatty tissue protects the deeper tissues of the body and acts as an insulation for heat and cold.
|
Subcutaneous Layer
|
|
|
|
Cavities in the dermis that contain the hair root.
|
Hair follicle
|
|
|
|
Deeper cells that divide to grow a hair longer.
|
Hair root
|
|
|
|
Older keratinized cells that form most of the length of the hair.
|
Hair shaft
|
|
|
|
The thin skin-like layer overlapping the base of a nail.
|
Cuticle
|
|
|
|
Slightly bluish color of the skin due to a deficiency of oxygen and an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood.
|
Cyanosis
|
|
|
|
The exposed edge of a nail that is trimmed when nails become too long.
|
Free Edge
|
|
|
|
"The lighter colored, half-moon region at the base of a nail."
|
Lunula
|
|
|
|
Connects nail body to connective tissue underneath.
|
Nailbed
|
|
|
|
Flat plate of keratin that forms most of the nails.
|
Nail body
|
|
|
|
Base of a nail
|
Nail root
|
|
|
|
"Type of sweat gland that opens into hair follicles located in the pubic, anal, and mammary areas. These glands secrete a substance that can produce an oder when it comes into contact with bacteria on the skin causing what is referred to as body odor."
|
Apocrine Gland
|
|
|
|
Another term for sweating
|
Perspiration
|
|
|
|
Duct leading from a sweat gland to the surface of the skin; carries sweat
|
Sweat duct
|
|
|
|
The surface opening of a sweat duct.
|
Sweat pore
|
|
|
|
A scraping away of the skin surface by friction.
|
Abrasion
|
|
|
|
A collection of pus in the skin.
|
Abscess
|
|
|
|
A genetic condition in which the person is unable to make melanin. Characterized by white hair and skin.
|
Albino
|
|
|
|
"Absence or loss of hair, especially on the head. Commonly called baldness."
|
Alopecia
|
|
|
|
A scar
|
Cicatrix
|
|
|
|
Collection of hardened sebum in hair follicle. Also called a blackhead
|
Comedo
|
|
|
|
"Injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling, pain, and bruising. The skin is not broken."
|
Contusion
|
|
|
|
Fluid filled sac under the skin.
|
Cyst
|
|
|
|
Open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences cutting off blood flow to the overlying skin. Also called bedsores or pressure sores.
|
Decubitus Ulcer
|
|
|
|
Loss of normal skin color or pigment.
|
Depigmentation
|
|
|
|
Physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases and conditions of the integumentary system
|
dermatologist
|
|
|
|
Study of diseases and conditions of the integumentary system.
|
Dermatology
|
|
|
|
Profuse sweating
|
diaphoresis
|
|
|
|
Skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin. A bruise.
|
Ecchymosis
|
|
|
|
Redness or flushing of the skin
|
Erythema
|
|
|
|
Crack like lesion or groove on the skin.
|
fissure
|
|
|
|
Freezing or the effect of freezing on a part of the body.
|
frostbite
|
|
|
|
Benign tumor of dilated blood vessels
|
hemangioma
|
|
|
|
Excessive hair growth over the body.
|
Hirsutism
|
|
|
|
Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow
|
Hyperemia
|
|
|
|
Abnormal amount of pigmentation in the skin
|
Hyperpigmentation
|
|
|
|
Formation of a raised and thickened hypertrophic scar after an injury or surgery
|
Keloid
|
|
|
|
Skin condition with an overgrowth and thickening of the epidermis
|
keratosis
|
|
|
|
"Flat, discolored area that is flush with the skin surface. An example is a freckle or birthmark."
|
Macule
|
|
|
|
Pattern of baldness most commonly seen in men.
|
Male Pattern Baldness
|
|
|
|
"Pigmented congenital skin blemish, birthmark, or mole. Usually benign."
|
nevus
|
|
|
|
"Firm, solid mass of cells in the skin."
|
Nodule
|
|
|
|
"Small, solid, circular raised spot on the surface of the skin. Less than 1cm in diameter."
|
Papule
|
|
|
|
Infestation with lice.
|
pediculosis
|
|
|
|
Pinpoint purple or red spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin.
|
petechiae
|
|
|
|
"Condition in which the skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light, such as UV rays."
|
photosensitivity
|
|
|
|
Small tumor with a pedicle or stem attachment. They are commonly found in mucous membranes such as the nasal cavity.
|
Polyp
|
|
|
|
Severe itching.
|
pruritus
|
|
|
|
Hemorrhages into the skin due to fragile blood vessels
|
purpura
|
|
|
|
Containing or producing pus
|
purulent
|
|
|
|
Raised spot on the skin contain pus.
|
Pustule
|
|
|
|
Contagious skin disease caused by an egg laying mite that burrows through the skin and causes redness and intense itching.
|
Scabies
|
|
|
|
Containing or producing pus
|
Suppurative
|
|
|
|
Open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane
|
Ulcer
|
|
|
|
Also called hives. A skin eruption of pale reddish wheals with severe itching.
|
urticaria
|
|
|
|
Commonly called warts; a benign growth caused by a virus. Has a rough surface that is removed by chemicals and/or laser therapy.
|
Verruca
|
|
|
|
"A blister; small, fluid-filled raised spot on the skin."
|
Vesicles
|
|
|
|
"Disappearance of pigment from the skin in patches, causing a milk-white appearance. Also called leukoderma."
|
Vitiligo
|
|
|
|
"Small, round, raised area on the skin that may be accompanied by itching."
|
Wheal
|
|
|
|
Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles that results in papules and pustules.
|
Acne
|
|
|
|
"Form of acne seen in adults, especially on the nose and cheeks."
|
Acne Rosacea
|
|
|
|
"Common form of acne seen in teenagers. Characterized by comedo, papules, and pustules."
|
Acne Vulgaris
|
|
|
|
Question
|
Answer
|
|
|
|
agglutin/o
|
clumping
|
|
|
|
chrom/o
|
color
|
|
|
|
coagul/o
|
clotting
|
|
|
|
erythr/o
|
red
|
|
|
|
fibrin/o
|
"fibers, fibrous"
|
|
|
|
granul/o
|
granules
|
|
|
|
hem/o
|
blood
|
|
|
|
hemat/o
|
blood
|
|
|
|
leuk/o
|
white
|
|
|
|
morph/o
|
shape
|
|
|
|
myel/o
|
bone marrow
|
|
|
|
phag/o
|
"eat, swallow"
|
|
|
|
sanguin/o
|
blood
|
|
|
|
thromb/o
|
clot
|
|
|
|
-apheresis
|
"removal, carry away"
|
|
|
|
-cyte
|
cell
|
|
|
|
-cytosis
|
more than the normal number of cells
|
|
|
|
-emia
|
blood condition
|
|
|
|
-globin
|
protein
|
|
|
|
-penia
|
"abnormal decrease, too few"
|
|
|
|
-poiesis
|
formation
|
|
|
|
-stasis
|
standing still
|
|
|
|
"Cells that contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing pigment that binds oxygen in order to transport it to the cells of the body."
|
Erythrocytes or Red Blood Cells (RBC)
|
|
|
|
"The solid, cellular portion of blood. It consists of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets."
|
Formed Elements
|
|
|
|
The process of forming blood.
|
Hematopoiesis
|
|
|
|
"A group of several different types of cells that provide protection against the invasion of bacteria and other foreign material. They are able to leave the bloodstream and search out the foreign invaders (bacteria, virus, and toxins), where they perform phagocytosis."
|
Leukocytes or White Blood Cells (WBC)
|
|
|
|
"The liquid portion of blood containing 90% water. There remaining 10% consists of plasma proteins (serum albumin, serum globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin), inorganic substances (calcium, potassium, and sodium), organic components (glucose, amino acids, cholesterol), and waste products (urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine)."
|
Plasma
|
|
|
|
Cells responsible for the coagulation of blood. These are also called thrombocytes and contain no hemoglobin.
|
Platelets
|
|
|
|
A protein that is normally found circulating in the bloodstream. It is abnormal this to be in the urine.
|
Albumin
|
|
|
|
An organic substance found in plasma. It is used by cells to build proteins.
|
Amino Acids
|
|
|
|
"An inorganic substance found in plasma. It is important for bones, muscles, and nerves."
|
Calcium
|
|
|
|
A waste product of muscle metabolism.
|
Creatinine
|
|
|
|
Lipid molecules transported throughout the body dissolved in the blood.
|
Fats
|
|
|
|
Blood protein that is essential for clotting to take place.
|
Fibrinogen
|
|
|
|
Protein component of blood containing antibodies that help to resist infection.
|
Gamma Globulin
|
|
|
|
One type of protein found dissolved in the plasma.
|
Globulins
|
|
|
|
The form of sugar used by the cells of the body to make energy. It is transported to the cells in the blood.
|
Glucose
|
|
|
|
"Proteins that are found in plasma. Includes serum albumin, serum globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin."
|
Plasma Proteins
|
|
|
|
An inorganic substance found in plasma. It is important for bones and muscles.
|
Potassium
|
|
|
|
Clear sticky fluid that remains after the blood has clotted.
|
Serum
|
|
|
|
An inorganic substance found in plasma.
|
Sodium
|
|
|
|
A waste product of protein metabolism. It diffuses through the tissues in lymph and is returned to the circulatory system for transport to the kidneys.
|
Urea
|
|
|
|
Waste product produced from destruction of worn-out red blood cells; disposed of by the liver.
|
Bilirubin
|
|
|
|
The loss of a cell's nucleus.
|
Enucleated
|
|
|
|
Iron-containing pigment of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissue.
|
Hemoglobin (Hg)
|
|
|
|
Nongranular leukocyte. This is one of the two types of leukocytes found in plasma that are classified as either monocytes or lymphocytes.
|
Agranulocyte
|
|
|
|
A granulocyte white blood cell that releases histamine and heparin in damaged tissues.
|
Basophils
|
|
|
|
A granulocyte white blood cell that destroy parasites and increases during allergic reactions.
|
Eosinophils
|
|
|
|
"Granular polymorphonuclear leukocyte. There are three types: neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil."
|
Granulocytes
|
|
|
|
An agranulocyte white blood cell that provides protection through the immune response.
|
Lymphocytes
|
|
|
|
An agranulocyte white blood cell that is important for phagocytosis.
|
Monocytes
|
|
|
|
A granulocyte white blood cell that is important for phagocytosis. It is also the most numerous of the leukocytes.
|
Neutrophils
|
|
|
|
Disease-bearing organisms.
|
Pathogens
|
|
|
|
Neutrophil component of the blood; has the ability to ingest and destory bacteria.
|
Phagocyte
|
|
|
|
The process of engulfing or ingesting material. Several types of white blood cells function by engulfing bacteria.
|
Phagocytosis
|
|
|
|
Clumping together to form small clusters. Platelets do this to start the clotting process.
|
Agglutinate
|
|
|
|
"Whitish protein formed by the action of thrombin and fibrinogen, which is the basis for the clotting of blood."
|
Fibrin
|
|
|
|
To stop bleeding or the stagnation of the circulating blood.
|
Hemostasis
|
|
|
|
Protein element within the blood that interacts with calcium salts to form thrombin.
|
Prothrombin
|
|
|
|
A clotting enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
|
Thrombin
|
|
|
|
Also called platelets. Platelets play a critical part in the blood-clotting process by agglutinating into small clusters and releasing thrombokinase.
|
Thrombocytes
|
|
|
|
Substance released by platelets; reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin.
|
Thromboplastin
|
|
|
|
The major system of blood typing.
|
ABO System
|
|
|
|
"The blood of one person is different from another's due to the presence of antigens on the surface of the erythrocytes. The major method of this is the ABO system and includes types A, B, O, and AB. The other major type is the Rh factor, consisting of the two types, Rh+ and Rh-."
|
Blood Typing
|
|
|
|
An antigen marker found on erythrocytes of persons with Rh+ blood.
|
Rh factor
|
|
|
|
One of the ABO blood types. A person with this type blood makes anti-B antibodies.
|
Type A
|
|
|
|
One of the ABO blood types. This blood type does not make antibodies against either A nor B blood.
|
Type AB
|
|
|
|
One of the ABO blood types. A person with this blood type will make anti-A antibodies.
|
Type B
|
|
|
|
"One of the ABO blood types. A person with no markers on his or her RBCs. This blood type will not react with anti-A or anti-B antibodies. Therefore, it is considered the universal donor."
|
Type O
|
|
|
|
"Type O blood is this. It has no markers on the RBC surface, it will not trigger a reaction with anti-A or anti-B antibodies."
|
Universal Donor
|
|
|
|
"A person with type AB blood has no antibodies against the other blood types and therefore, in an emergency, can receive any type of blood."
|
Universal Recipient
|
|
|
|
This person's RBCs do not have the Rh marker and will make antibodies against Rh+ blood.
|
Rh-Negative
|
|
|
|
This person's RBCs have the Rh marker.
|
Rh-Positive
|
|
|
|
Lab test performed before a person receives a blood transfusion; double checks the blood type of both the donor's and recipient's blood.
|
Type and Crossmatch
|
|
|
|
-algia
|
pain
|
|
|
|
-cele
|
"hernia, protrusion"
|
|
|
|
-cise
|
cut
|
|
|
|
-dynia
|
pain
|
|
|
|
-ectasis
|
dilatation
|
|
|
|
-ectopia
|
displacement
|
|
|
|
-gen
|
that which produces
|
|
|
|
-genesis
|
"produces, generates"
|
|
|
|
-genic
|
producing
|
|
|
|
-ia
|
"state, condition"
|
|
|
|
-iasis
|
abnormal condition
|
|
|
|
-ism
|
state of
|
|
|
|
-itis
|
inflammation
|
|
|
|
-logist
|
one who studies
|
|
|
|
-logy
|
study of
|
|
|
|
-lysis
|
destruction
|
|
|
|
-malacia
|
abnormal softening
|
|
|
|
-megaly
|
"enlargement, large"
|
|
|
|
-oma
|
"tumor, mass"
|
|
|
|
-osis
|
abnormal condition
|
|
|
|
-pathy
|
disease
|
|
|
|
-plasia
|
"development, growth"
|
|
|
|
-plasm
|
"formation, development"
|
|
|
|
-ptosis
|
drooping
|
|
|
|
-rrhage
|
"excessive, abnormal flow"
|
|
|
|
-rrhea
|
"discharge, flow"
|
|
|
|
-rrhexis
|
rupture
|
|
|
|
-sclerosis
|
hardening
|
|
|
|
-stenosis
|
narrowing
|
|
|
|
-therapy
|
treatment
|
|
|
|
-trophy
|
"nourishment, development"
|
|
|
|
-uria
|
condition of the urine
|
|
|
|
Pertaining to
|
-ac -al -an -ar -ary -eal -iac -ic -ical -ile -ior -ory -ose -ous -tic
|
|
|
|
"The hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the end result of hemostasis or the blood-clotting process."
|
Blood Clot
|
|
|
|
"When a liquid is converted to a gel or a solid, as in blood coagulation."
|
Coagulate
|
|
|
|
A general term indicating the presence of a disease affecting blood.
|
Dyscrasia
|
|
|
|
The process of forming erythrocytes in the red bone marrow.
|
Erythropoiesis
|
|
|
|
A physisican who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of the blood.
|
Hematologist
|
|
|
|
The collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. Commonly referred to as a bruise.
|
Hematoma
|
|
|
|
To stop bleeding or the stagnation of blood flow through the tissues.
|
Hemostasis
|
|
|
|
A transfusion of only the formed elements and without plasma.
|
Packed Cells
|
|
|
|
Refers to the mixture of both plasma and formed elements.
|
Whole Blood
|
|
|
|
A large group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood; results in less oxygen reaching the tissues.
|
Anemia
|
|
|
|
Severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone marrow. Results in a decrease in the number of all the formed elements. Treatment may eventually require a bone marrow transplant.
|
Aplastic Anemia
|
|
|
|
"Condition in which antibodies in the mother's blood enter the fetus' blood and cause anemia, jaundice, edema, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. ALSO CALLED HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN."
|
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
|
|
|
|
An anemia that develops as the result of the excessive loss of erythrocytes.
|
Hemolytic Anemia
|
|
|
|
-centesis
|
puncture to withdraw fluid
|
|
|
|
-ectomy
|
surgical removal
|
|
|
|
-ostomy
|
surgically create an opening
|
|
|
|
-otomy
|
cutting into
|
|
|
|
-pexy
|
surgical fixation
|
|
|
|
-plasty
|
surgical repair
|
|
|
|
-rrhaphy
|
suture
|
|
|
|
-gram
|
record or picture
|
|
|
|
-graph
|
instrument for recording
|
|
|
|
-graphy
|
process of recording
|
|
|
|
-meter
|
intrument for measuring
|
|
|
|
-metry
|
process of measuring
|
|
|
|
-scope
|
instrument for viewing
|
|
|
|
-scopy
|
process of visually examining
|
|
|
|
a-
|
"without, away from"
|
|
|
|
an-
|
without
|
|
|
|
anti-
|
against
|
|
|
|
auto-
|
self
|
|
|
|
brady-
|
slow
|
|
|
|
dys-
|
"painful, difficult"
|
|
|
|
eu-
|
"normal, good"
|
|
|
|
hetero-
|
different
|
|
|
|
homo-
|
same
|
|
|
|
hydro-
|
water
|
|
|
|
infra- (prefix)
|
"under, beneath, below"
|
infrapatellar: below the knee
|
|
|
macro-
|
large
|
|
|
|
micro-
|
small
|
|
|
|
neo-
|
new
|
|
|
|
pan-
|
all
|
|
|
|
per-
|
through
|
|
|
|
peri-
|
around
|
|
|
|
post-
|
after
|
|
|
|
pseudo-
|
FALSE
|
|
|
|
retro-
|
"backward, behind"
|
|
|
|
sub-
|
"below, under"
|
|
|
|
super-
|
"above, excess"
|
|
|
|
supra-
|
above
|
|
|
|
tachy-
|
"rapid, fast"
|
|
|
|
trans-
|
"through, across"
|
|
|
|
ultra-
|
"beyond, excess"
|
|
|
|
bi-
|
two
|
|
|
|
di-
|
two
|
|
|
|
mono-
|
one
|
|
|
|
quad-
|
four
|
|
|
|
"Condition that may develop during pregnancy if the mother is Rh-negative, in which antibodies in the mother's blood enter the fetus' bloodstream, damaging fetal blood cells. Results in anemia, jaundice, edema, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Also called erythroblastosis fetalis."
|
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
|
|
|
|
Hereditary blood disease in which blood-clotting time is prolonged. It is transmitted by a sex-linked trait from females to males. It appears almost exclusively in males.
|
Hemophilia
|
|
|
|
Condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in the bloodstream. A risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
|
Hyperlipidemia
|
|
|
|
Anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. Named because the hemoglobin molecule is responsible for the dark red color of the erythrocytes.
|
Hypochromic Anemia
|
|
|
|
Anemia that results from having insufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin.
|
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
|
|
|
|
Cancer of the WBC-forming red bone marrow; results in a large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in the blood.
|
Leukemia
|
|
|
|
Anemia associated with insufficient absorption of vitamin B12 by the digestive system. Vitamin B12 is necessary for erythrocyte production.
|
Pernicious Anemia
|
|
|
|
Production of too many RBCs by the bone marrow. Blood becomes too thick to easily flow through the blood vessels.
|
Polycythemia Vera
|
|
|
|
Having bacteria in the bloodstream. Commonly referred to as blood poisoning.
|
Septicemia
|
|
|
|
"A genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or ""sickle"" shape. These cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to hemolytic anemia."
|
Sickle Cell Anemia
|
|
|
|
"A genetic disorder in which the person is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia."
|
Thalassemia
|
|
|
|
AHF
|
antihemophilic factor
|
|
|
|
ALL
|
acute lymphocytic leukemia
|
|
|
|
AML
|
acute myelogenous leukemia
|
|
|
|
basos
|
basophils
|
|
|
|
BMT
|
bone marrow transplant
|
|
|
|
CBC
|
complete blood count
|
|
|
|
CLL
|
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
|
|
|
|
CML
|
chronic myelogenous leukemia
|
|
|
|
diff
|
differential
|
|
|
|
"eosins, eos"
|
eosinophils
|
|
|
|
"ESR, SR, sed rate"
|
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
|
|
|
|
"HCT, Hct, crit"
|
hematocrit
|
|
|
|
HDN
|
hemolytic disease of the newborn
|
|
|
|
"Hgb, Hb, HGB"
|
hemoglobin
|
|
|
|
lymphs
|
lymphocytes
|
|
|
|
MCV
|
mean corpuscular volume
|
|
|
|
monos
|
monocytes
|
|
|
|
PA
|
pernicious anemia
|
|
|
|
PCV
|
packed cell volume
|
|
|
|
"PMN, polys"
|
polymorphonuclear neutrophil
|
|
|
|
"PT, pro-time"
|
prothrombin time
|
|
|
|
RBC
|
red blood cell
|
|
|
|
Rh+
|
Rh-positive
|
|
|
|
Rh-
|
Rh-negative
|
|
|
|
SMAC
|
sequential multiple analyzer computer
|
|
|
|
WBC
|
white blood cell
|
|
|
|
Test to measure the amount of time it takes for blood to coagulate.
|
Bleeding Time
|
|
|
|
"Sample of blood is incubated in the laboratory to check for bacterial growth. If bacteria are present, they are identified and tested to determine which antibiotics they are sensitive to."
|
Blood Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
|
|
|
|
Sample of bone marrow is removed by aspiration with a needle and examined for diseases such as leukemia or aplastic anemia.
|
Bone Marrow Aspiration
|
|
|
|
"Blood test that consists of five tests: red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), and white blood cell differential."
|
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
|
|
|
|
Blood test to determine the rate at which mature blood cells settle out of the blood after the addition of an anticoagulant. This is an indicator of the presence of an inflammatory disease.
|
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
|
|
|
|
Blood test to measure the volume of red blood cells within the total volume of blood.
|
"Hematocrit (HCT,Hct,crit)"
|
|
|
|
Incision into a vein in order to remove blood for a diagnostic test. Also called venipuncture.
|
Phlebotomy
|
|
|
|
Blood test to determine the number of platelets in a given volume of blood.
|
Platelet Count
|
|
|
|
A measure of the blood's coagulation abilities by measuring how long it takes for a clot to form after prothrombin has been activated.
|
"Prothrombin Time (Pro time, PT)"
|
|
|
|
Blood test to determine the number of erythrocytes in a volume of blood.
|
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
|
|
|
|
Examination of a specimen of blood for abnormalities in the shape (morphology) of the erythrocytes. Used to determine diseases like sickle cell anemia.
|
Red Blood Cell Morphology
|
|
|
|
Machine for doing multiple blood chemistry tests automatically.
|
Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer (SMAC)
|
|
|
|
Blood test to measure the number of leukocytes in a volume of blood.
|
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
|
|
|
|
Blood test to determine the number of each variety of leukocytes.
|
White Blood Cell Differential (diff)
|
|
|
|
Procedure for collecting and storing a patient's own blood several weeks prior to the actual need. It can be used to replace blood lost during a surgical procedure.
|
Autologous Transfusion
|
|
|
|
Artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream.
|
Blood Transfusion
|
|
|
|
Patient receives red bone marrow from a donor after the patient's own bone marrow has been destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy.
|
Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
|
|
|
|
Replacement of blood by transfusion of blood received from another person.
|
Homologous Transfusion
|
|
|
|
Method of removing plasma from the body without depleting the formed elements. Whole blood is removed and the cells and plasma are separated. The cells are returned to the patient along with a donor plasma transfusion.
|
Plasmapheresis
|
|
|
|
Prevents blood clot formation.
|
Anticoagulant
|
|
|
|
Substance that prevents or stops hemorrhaging; a hemostatic agent.
|
Antihemorrhagic
|
|
|
|
Interferes with the action of platelets. Prolongs bleeding time. Commonly referred to as blood thinners.
|
Antiplatelet
|
|
|
|
Substance that increases the number of erythrocytes or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
|
Hematinic
|
|
|
|
Stops the flow of blood; an antihemorrhagic.
|
Hemostatic
|
|
|
|
Able to dissolve existing blood clots.
|
Thrombolytic
|
|
|
|
aden/o
|
gland
|
|
|
|
adenoid/o
|
adenoids
|
|
|
|
immun/o
|
protection
|
|
|
|
lymph/o
|
lymph
|
|
|
|
lymphaden/o
|
lymph node
|
|
|
|
lymphangi/o
|
lymph vessel
|
|
|
|
splen/o
|
spleen
|
|
|
|
thym/o
|
thymus
|
|
|
|
tonsill/o
|
tonsils
|
|
|
|
tox/o
|
poison
|
|
|
|
-globulin
|
protein
|
|
|
|
-phage
|
"eat, swallow"
|
|
|
|
lymphangi/o
|
lymph vessel
|
|
|
|
splen/o
|
spleen
|
|
|
|
thym/o
|
thymus
|
|
|
|
tonsill/o
|
tonsils
|
|
|
|
tox/o
|
poison
|
|
|
|
-globulin
|
protein
|
|
|
|
-phage
|
"eat, swallow"
|
|
|
|
"Clear, transparent, colorless fluid found in the lymphatic vessels and teh cisterna chyli."
|
Lymph
|
|
|
|
Small organs in the lymphatic system that filter bacteria and other foreign organisms from the body fluids.
|
Lymph Nodes
|
|
|
|
Extensive network of vessels throughout the entire body; conduct lymph from the tissue toward the thoracic cavity.
|
Lymphatic Vessels
|
|
|
|
Organ in the lymphatic system that filters microorganisms and old red blood cells from the blood.
|
Spleen
|
|
|
|
"An endocrine gland located in the upper mediastinum that assists the body with the immune function and the development of antibodies. As part of the immune response it secretes a hormone, thymosin, that changes lymphocytes to T cells."
|
Thymus Gland
|
|
|
|
The collections of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose or mouth.
|
Tonsils
|
|
|
|
The smallest lymph vessels; they collect excessive tissue fluid.
|
Lymph Capillaries
|
|
|
|
"The two largest vessels in the lymphatic system, the lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct."
|
Lymph Ducts
|
|
|
|
One of the two lymphatic ducts. It drains right arm and the right side of the neck and chest; empties lymph into the right subclavian vein.
|
Right Lymphatic Duct
|
|
|
|
"The largest lymph vessel. It drains the entire body except for the right arm, chest wall, and both lungs. It empties lymph into the left subclavian vein."
|
Thoracic Duct
|
|
|
|
"A flap-like structure found within the tubular organs such as lymph vessels, veins, and the heart. They function to prevent the backflow of fluid."
|
Valves
|
|
|
|
Commonly referred to as the armpit. There is a collection of lymph nodes in this area that drains each arm.
|
Axillary
|
|
|
|
Pertaining to the neck.
|
Cervical
|
|
|
|
Commonly referred to as the groin. There is a collection of lymph nodes in this region that drain each leg.
|
Inguinal
|
|
|
|
Another name for lymph nodes; small organs composed of lymphatic tissue located along the route of the lymphatic vessels; remove impurities from the lymph and manufacture lymphocytes and antibodies.
|
Lymph Glands
|
|
|
|
There is a collection of lymph nodes located in the central chest area that drain the chest.
|
Mediastinal
|
|
|
|
When cancerous cells migrate away from a tumor site.
|
Metastasized
|
|
|
|
Another term for pharyngeal tonsils. The tonsils are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.
|
Adenoids
|
|
|
|
Tonsils located on the very posterior section of the tongue as it joins with the pharynx.
|
Lingual Tonsils
|
|
|
|
Tonsils located in the lateral wall of the pharynx close to the mouth.
|
Palatine Tonsils
|
|
|
|
Another term for adenoids. These are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.
|
Pharyngeal Tonsils
|
|
|
|
"Medical term for throat. The passageway that conducts air from the nasal cavity to the trachea, and also carries food and drink from the mouth to the esophagus. It is divided into three sections: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx."
|
Pharynx
|
|
|
|
Spread-out blood vessels within the spleen that result in slow-moving blood flow.
|
Blood Sinuses
|
|
|
|
Phagocytic cells that are found in large quantities in the lymph nodes. They engulf foreign particles.
|
Macrophage
|
|
|
|
A lymphocyte active in cellular immunity.
|
T Cells
|
|
|
|
A type of lymphocyte involved with producing cells that physically attack and destroy pathogens.
|
T Lymphocytes
|
|
|
|
Hormone secreted by thymus gland. It causes lymphocytes to change into T-Lymphocytes.
|
Thymosin
|
|
|
|
The protective response of the body to a specific pathogen.
|
Acquired Immunity
|
|
|
|
Immunity developing after direct exposure to a pathogen.
|
Active Acquired Immunity
|
|
|
|
"Primitive, single-celled microorganisms that are present everywhere. Some are capable of causing disease in humans."
|
Bacteria
|
|
|
|
Malignant growths in the body.
|
Cancerous Tumor
|
|
|
|
"Some of these organisms are capable of causing disease in humans, such as yeast infections or histoplasmosis."
|
Fungi
|
|
|
|
Ability of lymphocytes to respond to specific antigens.
|
Immune Response
|
|
|
|
The body's ability to defend itself against pathogens.
|
Immunity
|
|
|
|
Providing protection against communicable diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against that disease. Also called vaccinations.
|
Immunizations
|
|
|
|
Immunity that is not specific to a disease and does not require prior exposure to the pathogen. Also called innate immunity.
|
Natural Immunity
|
|
|
|
Immunity that results when a person receives protective substances produced by another human or animal. This may take the form of maternal antibodies crossing the placenta to a baby or an antitoxin injection.
|
Passive Acquired Immunity
|
|
|
|
Single-celled organisms that can infect the body.
|
Protozoans
|
|
|
|
Substances poisonous to the body. Many are filtered out of the blood by the kidney.
|
Toxins
|
|
|
|
Providing protection against communicable diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against that disease. Also called immunization.
|
Vaccination
|
|
|
|
A group of infectious particles that can cause disease.
|
Viruses
|
|
|
|
Protein material produced in the body as a response to the invasion of a foreign substance.
|
Antibody
|
|
|
|
The production of antibodies by B cells in response to an antigen.
|
Antibody-Mediated Immunity or Humoral Immunity
|
|
|
|
Combination of the antigen with its specific antibody to increase susceptibility to phagocytosis and immunity.
|
Antigen-Antibody Reaction
|
|
|
|
Substance that is capable of inducing the formation of an antibody.
|
Antigen
|
|
|
|
"Common name for B Lymphocytes, responds to foreign antigens by producing protective antibodies."
|
B Cells
|
|
|
|
"The humoral immunity cells, which respond to foreign antigens by producing protective antibodies."
|
B Lymphocytes
|
|
|
|
Immunity that results from the activation of sensitized T lymphocytes. The immune response causes antigens to be destroyed by the direct action of cells. Also called cellular immunity.
|
Cell-Mediated Immunity
|
|
|
|
"This process results in the production of T cells and natural killer, NK, cells that directly attach to foreign cells. This immune response fights invasion by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and cancer. Also called cell-mediated immunity."
|
Cellular Immunity
|
|
|
|
Pertaining to poisoning cells.
|
Cytotoxic
|
|
|
|
"T cells that can kill by entrapping foreign cells, tumor cells, and bacteria. Also called T8 cells."
|
Natural Killer (NK) Cells
|
|
|
|
"Occurs when a person, either a patient or health care worker, acquires a pathogen from another patient or health care worker."
|
Cross-Infection
|
|
|
|
An infection acquired as a result of hospital exposure.
|
Nosocomial Infection
|
|
|
|
Federal agency that issued mandatory guidelines to ensure that all employees at risk of exposure to body fluids are provided with personal protective equipment.
|
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
|
|
|
|
An infection that occurs when a person becomes infected again with the same pathogen that originally brought him or her to the hospital.
|
Reinfection
|
|
|
|
"Infection that occurs when a person becomes infected in a different part of the body by a pathogen from another part of his or her own body, such as intestinal bacteria spreading to the urethra."
|
Self-innoculation
|
|
|
|
An antigen that causes an allergic reaction.
|
Allergen
|
|
|
|
A physician who specializes in testing for and treating allergies.
|
Allergist
|
|
|
|
Hypersensitivity to a common substance in the environment or to a medication.
|
Allergy
|
|
|
|
"Severe, potentially life-threatening, allergic reaction to an antigen."
|
Anaphylaxis
|
|
|
|
Abnormal
|
Atypical
|
|
|
|
A disease that results from the body's immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens.
|
Autoimmune Disease
|
|
|
|
Virus that is believed to be the cause of infectious mononucleosis.
|
Epstein-Barr Virus
|
|
|
|
Appearance of wheals as part of an allergic reaction.
|
Hives
|
|
|
|
Virus that causes AIDS; also known as a retrovirus.
|
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
|
|
|
|
Having an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens.
|
Immunocompromised
|
|
|
|
Antibodies secreted by the B cells. They assist in protecting the body and its surfaces from the invasion of bacteria.
|
Immunoglobulins
|
|
|
|
A physician who specializes in treating infectious disease and other disorders of the immune system.
|
Immunologist
|
|
|
|
"The tissues responses to injury from pathogens or physical agents. Characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch."
|
Inflammation
|
|
|
|
Edema appearing in the extremities due to an obstruction of the lymph flow through the lymphatic vessels.
|
Lymphedema
|
|
|
|
Infectious diseases that are associated with patients who have compromised immune systems and therefore a lowered resistance to infections and parasits. May be the results of HIV infection.
|
Opportunisitic Infections
|
|
|
|
"Virus, such as HIV, in which the virus copies itself using the host's DNA."
|
Retrovirus
|
|
|
|
"The severe itching associated with hives, usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions."
|
Urticaria
|
|
|
|
"Disease that involves a defect in the cell-mediated immunity system. A syndrome of opportunistic infections that occur in the final stages of infection with the HIV. This virus attacks the T4 lymphocytes and destroys them, which reduces the person's ability to fight infection."
|
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
|
|
|
|
"Early stage of AIDS. There is a positive test for the virus but only mild symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, and anorexia."
|
AIDS-related complex (ARC)
|
|
|
|
Life-threatening condition resulting from a severe allergic reaction.
|
Anaphylactic
|
|
|
|
"Inflammation, obstruction, and destruction of the lymph vessels that result in enlarged tissues due to edema."
|
Elephantiasis
|
|
|
|
Serious complication of bone marrow transplant(graft). Immune cells from the donor bone marrow attack the recipient's (host's) tissues.
|
graft vs. host disease (GVHD)
|
|
|
|
Cancer of the lymphatic cells found in concentration in the lymph nodes.
|
Hodgkin's disease (also called Hodgkin's lymphoma)
|
|
|
|
Form of skin cancer frequently seen in patients with AIDS. It consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from the skin and metastasize to internal organs.
|
Kaposi's sarcoma
|
|
|
|
Inflammation of the lymph nodes. Referred to as swollen glands.
|
Lymphadenitis
|
|
|
|
Cancerous tumor of the lymphatic tissue.
|
Malignant Lymphoma
|
|
|
|
Acute infectious disease with a large number of atypical lymphocytes. Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Abnormal liver function may occur.
|
Mononucleosis
|
|
|
|
Cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin's lymphoma.
|
non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)
|
|
|
|
Infection of the tissues between the tonsils and the pharynx. Also called a quinsy sore throat.
|
Peritonsillar abscess
|
|
|
|
Pneumonia common in AIDS patients that is caused by infection with an opportunistic parasite.
|
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
|
|
|
|
Disease of unknown cause that forms fibrous lesions.
|
Sarcoidosis
|
|
|
|
Disease seen in children born with a nonfunctioning immune system.
|
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCIDS)
|
|
|
|
A blood test for an antibody to the AIDS virus.
|
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
|
|
|
|
X-ray taken of the lymph vessels after the injection of dye into the foot. The lymph flow through the chest is traced.
|
Lymphangiography
|
|
|
|
Test for infectious mononucleosis.
|
Monospot
|
|
|
|
Form of allergy testing in which the body is exposed to an allergen through a light scratch in the skin.
|
Scratch Test
|
|
|
|
Test used as a backup to the ELISA blood test to detect the presence of the antibody to HIV in the blood.
|
Western blot
|
|
|
|
Giving a patient an injection of immunoglobulins or antibodies in order to treat a disease.
|
Immunotherapy
|
|
|
|
Excision of a lymph node.
|
Lymphadenectomy
|
|
|
|
Blocks the effects of histamine that has been released by the body during an allergic reaction.
|
Antihistamine
|
|
|
|
Reduces the body's inflammatory reaction.
|
Anti-inflammatory
|
|
|
|
Weakens a viral infection in the body.
|
Antiviral
|
|
|
|
A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that has very strong anti-inflammatory properties.
|
Corticosteroids
|
|
|
|
Blocks certain actions of the immune sytem. Required to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ.
|
Immunosuppressants
|
|
|
|
Produces contraction of the smooth muscles in the walls of the arteries.
|
Vasoconstrictors
|
|
|
|
AIDS
|
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
|
|
|
|
ARC
|
AIDS-related complex
|
|
|
|
CD4
|
type of T cell affected by HIV infection
|
|
|
|
EBV
|
Epstein-Barr Virus
|
|
|
|
ELISA
|
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
|
|
|
|
GVHD
|
graft vs. host disease
|
|
|
|
HD
|
Hodgkin's disease
|
|
|
|
HIV
|
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
|
|
|
|
Ig
|
"immunoglobulins (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM)"
|
|
|
|
KS
|
Kaposi's sarcoma
|
|
|
|
lymphs
|
lymphocyte
|
|
|
|
mono
|
mononucleosis
|
|
|
|
NHL
|
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
|
|
NK
|
Natural Killer cells
|
|
|
|
PCP
|
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
|
|
|
|
SCIDS
|
severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome
|
|
|
|
adenoid/o
|
adenoids
|
|
|
|
alveol/o
|
alveolus; air sac
|
|
|
|
anthrac/o
|
coal
|
|
|
|
atel/o
|
incomplete
|
|
|
|
bronch/o
|
bronchus
|
|
|
|
bronchiol/o
|
bronchiole
|
|
|
|
coni/o
|
dust
|
|
|
|
diaphragmat/o
|
diaphragm
|
|
|
|
epiglott/o
|
epiglottis
|
|
|
|
laryng/o
|
larynx
|
|
|
|
lob/o
|
lobe
|
|
|
|
nas/o
|
nose
|
|
|
|
orth/o
|
"straight, upright"
|
|
|
|
ox/o
|
oxygen
|
|
|
|
pharyng/o
|
pharynx
|
|
|
|
pleur/o
|
pleura
|
|
|
|
pneum/o
|
"lung, air"
|
|
|
|
pneumon/o
|
"lung, air"
|
|
|
|
pulmon/o
|
lung
|
|
|
|
rhin/o
|
nose
|
|
|
|
sinus/o
|
"sinus, cavity"
|
|
|
|
spir/o
|
breathing
|
|
|
|
steth/o
|
chest
|
|
|
|
tonsill/o
|
tonsils
|
|
|
|
trache/o
|
"trachea, windpipe"
|
|
|
|
thorac/o
|
chest
|
|
|
|
-capnia
|
carbon dioxide
|
|
|
|
-ectasis
|
"dilated, expansion"
|
|
|
|
-osmia
|
smell
|
|
|
|
-phonia
|
voice
|
|
|
|
-pnea
|
breathing
|
|
|
|
-ptysis
|
spitting
|
|
|
|
-thorax
|
chest
|
|
|
|
Flow of air into the lungs.
|
Inhalation or inspiration
|
|
|
|
Flow of air out of the lungs.
|
Exhalation or expiration
|
|
|
|
Very small hairs that line the opening of the nose as well as most of the airways.
|
Cilia
|
|
|
|
Lack of carbon dioxide
|
Acapnia
|
|
|
|
Excision of adenoids
|
Adenoidectomy
|
|
|
|
Another term for pharyngeal tonsils. The tonsils are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in teh nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.
|
Adenoids
|
|
|
|
"Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia."
|
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
|
|
|
|
They tiny air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. Gas exchange takes place here.
|
Alveoli
|
|
|
|
Loss of the sense of smell.
|
Anosmia
|
|
|
|
Lack of oxygen.
|
Anoxia
|
|
|
|
A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of coal dust in the lung. Also called black lung or miner's lung.
|
Anthracosis
|
|
|
|
Destroys or prohibits the growth of microorganisms.
|
Antibiotic
|
|
|
|
Acts to control allergic symptoms by counteracting histamine.
|
Antihistamine
|
|
|
|
Controls or relieves coughing.
|
Antitussive
|
|
|
|
Directional term meaning tip or summit.
|
Apex
|
|
|
|
No voice.
|
Aphonia
|
|
|
|
The condition of not breathing.
|
Apnea
|
|
|
|
"Lab test that measures the amount of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen in the blood, and the pH."
|
Arterial Blood Gases (ABG)
|
|
|
|
A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs; may lead to the development of lung cancer.
|
Asbestosis
|
|
|
|
Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected soon.
|
Asphyxia
|
|
|
|
"Disease caused by various conditions, such as allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways and labored respirations."
|
Asthma
|
|
|
|
"Condition in which lung tissue collapses, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide."
|
Atelectasis
|
|
|
|
Another name for the eustachian tube connecting the middle ear and pharynx.
|
Auditory Tube
|
|
|
|
Listening to the sounds within the body by using a stethoscope.
|
Auscultation
|
|
|
|
Directional term meaning bottom or lower part.
|
Base
|
|
|
|
Slow breathing
|
Bradypnea
|
|
|
|
An organ of the respiratory system that carries air into each lung.
|
Bronchial tubes
|
|
|
|
Results from a dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi that can be the result of infection. A major symptom is a large amount of purulent (pus-filled) sputum.
|
Bronchiectasis
|
|
|
|
The narrowest air tubes in the lungs.
|
Bronchioles
|
|
|
|
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that often occurs after other childhood infections such as measles.
|
Bronchitis
|
|
|
|
Dilates or opens the bronchi to improve breathing.
|
Bronchodilator
|
|
|
|
Malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi. Usually associated with smoking.
|
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
|
|
|
|
An x-ray record of the lungs and bronchial tubes.
|
Bronchogram
|
|
|
|
Process of taking an x-ray of the lung after a radiopaque substance has been placed into the trachea or bronchial tree.
|
Bronchography
|
|
|
|
Surgical repair of a bronchial defect.
|
Bronchoplasty
|
|
|
|
An instrument to view inside the bronchus.
|
Bronchoscope
|
|
|
|
Using the bronchoscope to visualize the bronchi.
|
Bronchoscopy
|
|
|
|
An involuntary muscle spasm in the bronchi.
|
Bronchospasm
|
|
|
|
The distal end of the trachea splits into a left and right main bronchi as it enters each lung.
|
Bronchus
|
|
|
|
A waste product of cellular energy production. It is removed from the cells by the blood and eliminated from the body by the lungs.
|
Carbon dioxide
|
|
|
|
Taking a radiographic picture of the lungs and heart from the back and sides.
|
Chest X-Ray
|
|
|
|
"Abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods (10 to 60 seconds) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing."
|
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
|
|
|
|
The amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhalation or leaves the lungs in a single exhalation of quiet breathing.
|
Tidal Volume (TV)
|
|
|
|
The air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal respiration. Also called complemental air.
|
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
|
|
|
|
The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal quiet respiration. Also called supplemental air.
|
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
|
|
|
|
The air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation.
|
Residual Volume (RV)
|
|
|
|
The volume of air inhaled after a normal exhale.
|
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
|
|
|
|
The air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation.
|
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
|
|
|
|
The total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.
|
Vital Capacity (VC)
|
|
|
|
The volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation.
|
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
|
|
|
|
"Placing a tube through the mouth, through the glottis, and into the trachea to create a patent airway."
|
Endotracheal Intubation
|
|
|
|
Nosebleed
|
Epistaxis
|
|
|
|
Coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum.
|
Hemoptysis
|
|
|
|
To breathe both fast(tachypnea) and deep(hyperpnea).
|
Hyperventilation
|
|
|
|
To breathe slow(bradypnea) and shallow(hypopnea).
|
Hypoventilation
|
|
|
|
A physician who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of internal organs.
|
Internist
|
|
|
|
Two-pronged plastic device for delivering oxygen into the nose; one prong is inserted into each nares.
|
Nasal Canula
|
|
|
|
Question
|
Answer
|
|
|
|
micro- (prefix)
|
small
|
|
|
|
puerper/o (combining form)
|
childbirth
|
|
|
|
pseud/o (combining form)
|
FALSE
|
|
|
|
chori/o (combining form)
|
chorion The outermost of the two female membranes - the amnion is the inner most - which together surround the embryo
|
|
|
|
lact/o (combining form)
|
milk
|
|
|
|
peri (prefix)
|
surrounding (outer)
|
|
|
|
embry/o (combining form)
|
"embryo, to be full"
|
|
|
|
-partum (suffix)
|
"childbirth, labor"
|
|
|
|
prim/i (combining form)
|
first
|
|
|
|
par/o (combining form)
|
"bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth"
|
|
|
|
part/o (combining form)
|
"bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth"
|
|
|
|
amni/o (combining form)
|
amnion A thin membrane surrounding the fetus during pregnancy
|
|
|
|
esophag/o (combining form)
|
esophagus The tube that connects the pharynx (throat) to the stomach
|
|
|
|
pre- (prefix)
|
before
|
|
|
|
cervic/o (combining form)
|
cervix The lower narrow part of the uterus forming a canal into the vagina which leads to the outside of the body
|
|
|
|
gravid/o (combining form)
|
pregnancy
|
|
|
|
-tocia (suffix)
|
"birth, labor"
|
|
|
|
culd/o (combining form)
|
cul-de-sac A blind pouch or cavirty that is closed on one end
|
|
|
|
-rrhexis (suffix)
|
rupture
|
|
|
|
pylor/o (combining form)
|
pylorus The outlet of the stomach
|
|
|
|
colp/o (combining form)
|
vagina
|
|
|
|
nat/o (combining form)
|
birth
|
|
|
|
spermat/o (combining form)
|
"spermatozoa, sperm"
|
|
|
|
gynec/o (combining form)
|
woman
|
|
|
|
perine/o (combining form)
|
perineum The area between the anus and the scrotum (in men) or the vulva (in women)
|
|
|
|
-amnios (suffix)
|
"amnion, amniotic fluid"
|
|
|
|
splen/o (combining form)
|
spleen
|
|
|
|
"metr/o, metr/i (combining form)"
|
uterus
|
|
|
|
cardi/o (combining form)
|
heart
|
|
|
|
arche/o (combining form)
|
"first, beginning"
|
|
|
|
mamm/o (combining form)
|
breast
|
|
|
|
ile/o (combining form)
|
"ileum The lowest part of the small intestine, located beyond the duodenum and jejunum, just before the large intestine (the colon)"
|
|
|
|
plasm/o (combining form)
|
"plasma The liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid, which makes up about half of its volume"
|
|
|
|
phleb/o (combining form)
|
vein
|
|
|
|
lymph/o (combining form)
|
An almost colorless fluid that travels through vessels called lymphatics in the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease
|
|
|
|
valv/o (combining form)
|
valve
|
|
|
|
electr/o (combining form)
|
"electricity, electrical activity"
|
|
|
|
thym/o (combining form)
|
thymus gland A lymphoid organ situated in the center of the upper chest just behind the sternum (breastbone)
|
|
|
|
colon/o (combining form)
|
colon The part of the large intestine that runs from the cecum to the rectum as a long hollow tube
|
|
|
|
arteri/o (combining form)
|
artery
|
|
|
|
peritone/o (combining form)
|
peritoneum The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs
|
|
|
|
pylor/o (combining form)
|
"pylorus, pyloric sphincter The outlet of the stomach"
|
|
|
|
thromb/o (combining form)
|
clot
|
|
|
|
-sclerosis (suffix)
|
hardening
|
|
|
|
-penia (suffix)
|
abnormal reduction in number
|
|
|
|
nulli- (prefix)
|
none
|
|
|
|
gastr/o (combining form)
|
stomach
|
|
|
|
ech/o (combining form)
|
sound
|
|
|
|
tachy- (prefix)
|
"fast, rapid"
|
|
|
|
brady- (prefix)
|
slow
|
|
|
|
-graph (suffix)
|
instrument used to record
|
|
|
|
post- (prefix)
|
after
|
|
|
|
arther/o (combining form)
|
"yellowish, fatty plaque"
|
|
|
|
therm/o (combining form)
|
heat
|
|
|
|
atri/o (combining form)
|
atrium One of the two smaller chambers of the heart
|
|
|
|
"pelv/i, pelv/o (combining form)"
|
"pelvis, pelvic bone The lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones"
|
|
|
|
multi- (prefix)
|
many
|
|
|
|
valvul/o (combining form)
|
valve
|
|
|
|
isch/o (combining form)
|
"deficiency, blockage"
|
|
|
|
-salpinx (suffix)
|
fallopian tube
|
|
|
|
ventricul/o (combinging form)
|
ventricle A chamber of an organ
|
|
|
|
cephal/o (combining form)
|
head
|
|
|
|
omphal/o (combining form)
|
"umbilicus, navel"
|
|
|
|
"fet/o, fet/i (combining form)"
|
"fetus, unborn child"
|
|
|
|
ven/o (combining form)
|
vein
|
|
|
|
rect/o (combining form)
|
rectum The last 6 to 8 inches of the large intestine
|
|
|
|
-poiesis (suffix)
|
formation
|
|
|
|
angi/o (combining form)
|
vessel
|
|
|
|
-atresia (suffix)
|
"absence of a normal opening, occlusion, closure"
|
|
|
|
-ial (suffix)
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
|
lapar/o (combining form)
|
abdomen
|
|
|
|
col/o (combining form)
|
colon The part of the large intestine that runs from the cecum to the rectum as a long hollow tube
|
|
|
|
sial/o (combining form)
|
saliva
|
|
|
|
diverticul/o (combining form)
|
diverticulum A small bulging sac pushing outward from the colon wall
|
|
|
|
palat/o (combining form)
|
"palate The roof of the mouth. The front portion is bony (hard palate), and the back portion is muscular (soft palate)"
|
|
|
|
aort/o (combining form)
|
aorta The largest artery in the body
|
|
|
|
-apheresis (suffix)
|
removal
|
|
|
|
-ac (suffix)
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
|
cheil/o (combining form)
|
lip
|
|
|
|
duoden/o (combining form)
|
duodenum The first part of the small intestine
|
|
|
|
choledoch/o (combining form)
|
common bile duct
|
|
|
|
appendic/o (combining form)
|
appendix A small outpouching from the beginning of the large intestine (the ascending colon)
|
|
|
|
or/o (combining form)
|
mouth
|
|
|
|
chol/e (combining form)
|
"gall, bile"
|
|
|
|
gloss/o (combining form)
|
tongue
|
|
|
|
sigmoid/o (combining form)
|
sigmoid colon the lower colon (the lower portion of the large bowel)
|
|
|
|
gingiv/o (combining form)
|
gum
|
|
|
|
abdomin/o (combining form)
|
"abdomen The belly, that part of the body that contains all of the structures between the chest and the pelvis"
|
|
|
|
hepat/o (combining form)
|
liver
|
|
|
|
herni/o (combining form)
|
hernia A general term referring to a protrusion of a tissue through the wall of the cavity in which it is normally contained
|
|
|
|
cec/o (combining form)
|
"cecum The cecum (also spelled caecum), the first portion of the large bowel, situated in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen"
|
|
|
|
enter/o (combining form)
|
intestines
|
|
|
|
an/o (combining form)
|
anus The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
|
|
|
|
jejun/o (combining form)
|
jejunum Part of the small intestine. It is half-way down the small intestine between its duodenum and ileum sections
|
|
|
|
antr/o (combining form)
|
antrum A general term for cavity or chamber which may have specific meaning in reference certain organs or sites in the body
|
|
|
|
uvul/o (combining form)
|
uvula The small piece of soft tissue that can be seen dangling down from the soft palate over the back of the tongue
|
|
|
|
lingu/o (combining form)
|
tongue
|
|
|
|
hemi- (prefix)
|
half
|
|
|
|
celi/o (combining form)
|
"abdomen The belly, that part of the body that contains all of the structures between the chest and the pelvis"
|
|
|
|
-odynia (suffix)
|
pain
|
|
|
|
-pepsia (suffix)
|
digestion
|
|
|
|
esophag/o (combining form)
|
esophogus The tube that connects the pharynx (throat) with the stomach
|
|
|
|
dipl/o (combining form)
|
"two, double"
|
|
|
|
-crit (suffix)
|
to separate
|
|
|
|
proct/o (combining form)
|
rectum The last 6 to 8 inches of the large intestine
|
|
|
|
ton/o (combining form)
|
"tension, pressure"
|
|
|
|
cholangi/o (combining form)
|
bile duct
|
|
|
|
polyp/o (combining form)
|
small growth
|
|
|
|
pancreat/o (combining form)
|
"pancreas A fish-shaped spongy grayish-pink organ about 6 inches long that stretches across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach"
|
|
|
|
core/o (combining form)
|
pupil The opening of the iris
|
|
|
|
stomat/o (combining form)
|
mouth
|
|
|
|
retin/o (combining form)
|
"retina The retina is the nerve layer that lines the back of the eye, senses light, and creates impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain"
|
|
|
|
coren/o (combining form)
|
cornea The clear front window of the eye that transmits and focuses light into the eye
|
|
|
|
-plegia (suffix)
|
paralysis
|
|
|
|
blephar/o (combining form)
|
eyelid
|
|
|
|
phot/o (combining form)
|
light
|
|
|
|
lacrim/o (combining form)
|
"tear duct, tear"
|
|
|
|
"bi-, bin- (prefix)"
|
two
|
|
|
|
-phobia (suffix)
|
abnormal fear of or aversion to specific objects of things
|
|
|
|
dacry/o (combining form)
|
"tear, tear duct"
|
|
|
|
iri/o (combining form)
|
"iris The iris is the circular, colored curtain of the eye"
|
|
|
|
pupill/o (combining form)
|
pupil The opening of the iris
|
|
|
|
scler/o (combining form)
|
sclera The tough white outer coat over the eyeball that covers approximately the posterior five-sixths of its surface
|
|
|
|
cry/o (combining form)
|
cold
|
|
|
|
cor/o (combining form)
|
pupil
|
|
|
|
opt/o (combining form)
|
vision
|
|
|
|
kerat/o (combining form)
|
cornea The clear front window of the eye that transmits and focuses light into the eye Can also mean horny tissue
|
|
|
|
arthr/o (combining form)
|
joint
|
|
|
|
-opia (suffix)
|
vision (condition)
|
|
|
|
tympan/o (combining form)
|
"eardrum, middle ear"
|
|
|
|
labyrinth/o (combining form)
|
"labyrinth, inner ear"
|
|
|
|
irid/o (combining form)
|
"iris The iris is the circular, colored curtain of the eye"
|
|
|
|
ocul/o (combining form)
|
eye
|
|
|
|
ophthalm/o (combining form)
|
eye
|
|
|
|
oste/o (combining form)
|
bone
|
|
|
|
lamin/o (combining form)
|
"lamina, thin flat plate or layer"
|
|
|
|
myring/o (combining form)
|
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
|
|
|
|
"aur/i, aur/o (combining form)"
|
ear
|
|
|
|
mastoid/o (combining form)
|
mastoid The rounded protrusion of bone just behind the ear once thought to look like the breast
|
|
|
|
scoli/o (combining form)
|
"crooked, curved"
|
|
|
|
ten/o (combining form)
|
tendon The tissue by which a muscle attaches to bone
|
|
|
|
clavicul/o (combining form)
|
clavicle (collarbone)
|
|
|
|
tibi/o (combining form)
|
tibia The larger of the two bones in the leg (the smaller one being the fibula). The tibia is familiarly known as the shinbone
|
|
|
|
staped/o (combining form)
|
stapes A stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear
|
|
|
|
stern/o (combining form)
|
"sternum (breastbone) Anatomic name for the breast bone, the long flat bone in the upper middle of the front of the chest"
|
|
|
|
lord/o (combining form)
|
bent forward
|
|
|
|
sacr/o (combining form)
|
"sacrum The large heavy bone at the base of the spine, which is made up of fused sacral vertebrae"
|
|
|
|
conjunctiv/o (combining form)
|
conjunctiva A thin clear moist membrane that coats the inner surfaces of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye
|
|
|
|
burs/o (combining form)
|
bursa (cavity)
|
|
|
|
myos/o (combining form)
|
muscle
|
|
|
|
lumb/o (combining form)
|
loin (lumbar region of the spine) Referring to the 5 lumbar vertebrae which are situated below the thoracic vertebrae and above the sacral vertebrae in the spinal column
|
|
|
|
acou/o (combining form)
|
hearing
|
|
|
|
ot/o (combining form)
|
ear
|
|
|
|
supra- (prefix)
|
above
|
|
|
|
cost/o (combining form)
|
rib
|
|
|
|
maxill/o (combining form)
|
maxilla (upper jawbone)
|
|
|
|
vertebr/o (combining form)
|
vertebra A vertebra is one of 33 bony segments that form the spinal column of humans
|
|
|
|
femor/o (combining form)
|
femur (upper leg bone)
|
|
|
|
myel/o (combining form)
|
bone marrow
|
|
|
|
carp/o (combining form)
|
carpals (wrist bones)
|
|
|
|
-physis (suffix)
|
growth
|
|
|
|
sym- (prefix)
|
"together, joined"
|
|
|
|
syn- (prefix)
|
"together, joined"
|
|
|
|
pub/o (combining form)
|
pubis The front center portion of the pelvis
|
|
|
|
tars/o (combining form)
|
tarsals (ankle bones)
|
|
|
|
scapul/o (combining form)
|
scapula (shoulder blade)
|
|
|
|
menisc/o (combining form)
|
meniscus (cresent)
|
|
|
|
ili/o (combining form)
|
ilium The upper part of the bony pelvis which forms the receptacle for the head of the femur at the hip joint
|
|
|
|
fibul/o (combining form)
|
fibula (lower leg bone) The lateral (outside) and smaller of the two long bones in the lower leg between the knee and ankle
|
|
|
|
tendin/o (combining form)
|
"tendon The tissue by which a muscle attaches to bone. A tendon is somewhat flexible, but fibrous and tough"
|
|
|
|
clavic/o (combining form)
|
clavicle (collarbone)
|
|
|
|
patell/o (combining form)
|
patella (kneecap)
|
|
|
|
mandibul/o (combining form)
|
mandible (lower jaw bone)
|
|
|
|
petr/o (combining form)
|
stone
|
|
|
|
phalang/o (combining form)
|
"phalanges, finger or toe bones"
|
|
|
|
audi/o (combining form)
|
hearing
|
|
|
|
rachi/o (combining form)
|
"spine, vertebral column"
|
|
|
|
kinesi/o (combining form)
|
"movement, motion"
|
|
|
|
inter- (prefix)
|
between
|
|
|
|
ischi/o (combining form)
|
ischium Bone making up the lower down back part of the pelvis
|
|
|
|
chondr/o (combining form)
|
"cartilage Firm, rubbery tissue that cushions bones at joints"
|
|
|
|
synovi/o (combining form)
|
"synovia, synovial membrane The fluid that lubricates joints"
|
|
|
|
tend/o (combining form)
|
tendon
|
|
|
|
-clasia (suffix)
|
break
|
|
|
|
kyph/o (combining form)
|
hump
|
|
|
|
spondyl/o (combining form)
|
vertebra
|
|
|
|
radi/o (combining form)
|
radius (lower arm bone)
|
|
|
|
aponeur/o (combining form)
|
"A sheetlike fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened tendon, that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone"
|
|
|
|
uln/o (combining form)
|
ulna (lower arm bone)
|
|
|
|
crani/o (combining form)
|
"cranium, skull"
|
|
|
|
humer/o (combining form)
|
humerus (upper arm bone)
|
|
|
|
-asthenia (suffix)
|
weakness
|
|
|
|
mon/o (combining form)
|
one
|
|
|
|
gangli/o (combining form)
|
ganglion an aggregation of nerve cell bodies
|
|
|
|
cerebell/o (combining form)
|
cerebellum The portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the brain stem
|
|
|
|
ankyl/o (combining form)
|
"crooked, stiff, bent"
|
|
|
|
disk/o (combining form)
|
intervertebral disk A pad of cartilage between two vertebrae that acts as a shock absorber
|
|
|
|
-clast (suffix)
|
break
|
|
|
|
-clasis (suffix)
|
break
|
|
|
|
dur/o (combining form)
|
"hard, dura mater The outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and the spinal cord"
|
|
|
|
psych/o (combining form)
|
mind
|
|
|
|
quadr/i (combining form)
|
four
|
|
|
|
ganglion/o (combining form)
|
an aggregation of nerve cell bodies
|
|
|
|
-schisis (suffix)
|
"split, fissure A cleft or groove. A fissure can be normal or abnormal"
|
|
|
|
-desis (suffix)
|
"surgical fixation, fusion"
|
|
|
|
esthesi/o (combining form)
|
"sensation, sensitivity, feeling"
|
|
|
|
encephal/o (combining form)
|
brain
|
|
|
|
"mening/o, mening/i (combining form)"
|
meninges The three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
|
|
|
|
cerebr/o (combining form)
|
"cerebrum, brain The largest part of the brain"
|
|
|
|
-iatrist (suffix)
|
"specialist, physician"
|
|
|
|
-paresis (suffix)
|
slight paralysis
|
|
|
|
phas/o (combining form)
|
speech
|
|
|
|
phren/o (combining form)
|
mind
|
|
|
|
-ictal (suffix)
|
"seizure, attack"
|
|
|
|
-iatry (suffix)
|
"treatment, specialty"
|
|
|
|
radicul/o (combining form)
|
nerve root
|
|
|
|
myel/o (combining form)
|
spinal cord (myel/o also means bone marrow)
|
|
|
|
radic/o (combining form)
|
nerve root
|
|
|
|
calc/i (combining form)
|
calcium
|
|
|
|
ment/o (combining form)
|
mind
|
|
|
|
tetra- (prefix)
|
four
|
|
|
|
poli/o (combining form)
|
gray matter
|
|
|
|
adrenal/o (combining form)
|
"adrenal gland One of a pair of small glands, each of which sits on top of one of the kidneys"
|
|
|
|
kal/i (combining form)
|
potassium
|
|
|
|
adren/o (combining form)
|
"adrenal gland One of a pair of small glands, each of which sits on top of one of the kidneys"
|
|
|
|
dips/o (combining form)
|
thirst
|
|
|
|
endocrin/o (combining form)
|
endocrine Pertaining to hormones and the glands that make and secrete them into the bloodstream through which they travel to affect distant organs
|
|
|
|
rhiz/o (combining form)
|
nerve root
|
|
|
|
aden/o (combining form)
|
gland
|
|
|
|
thyroid/o (combining form)
|
thyroid gland
|
|
|
|
thyr/o (combining form)
|
"thyroid gland A gland that makes and stores hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and the rate at which food is converted into energy"
|
|
|
|
acr/o (combining form)
|
"extremities, height"
|
|
|
|
parathyroid/o (combining form)
|
"parathyroid gland A gland that regulates calcium, located behind the thyroid gland in the neck"
|
|
|
|
natr/o (combining form)
|
sodium
|
|
|
|
cortic/o (combining form)
|
cortex The outer portion of an organ
|
|
|
|
-drome (suffix)
|
"run, running"
|
|
|
|
-ologist (suffix)
|
"one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)"
|
|
|
|
-logy (suffix)
|
study of
|
|
|
|
-stasis (suffix)
|
"control, stop, standing"
|
|
|
|
-plasm (suffix)
|
"a growth, substance formation"
|
|
|
|
-genesis (suffix)
|
"origin, cause"
|
|
|
|
-gen (suffix)
|
substance or agent that produces or causes
|
|
|
|
hist/o (combining form)
|
tissue
|
|
|
|
chrom/o (combining form)
|
color
|
|
|
|
lip/o (combining form)
|
fat
|
|
|
|
cyan/o (combining form)
|
blue
|
|
|
|
sarc/o (combining form)
|
"flesh, connective tissue"
|
|
|
|
system/o (combining form)
|
system
|
|
|
|
cyt/o (combining form)
|
cell
|
|
|
|
path/o (combining form)
|
disease
|
|
|
|
-al (suffix)
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
|
-cyte (suffix)
|
cell
|
|
|
|
leuk/o (combining form)
|
white
|
|
|
|
chlor/o (combining form)
|
green
|
|
|
|
eti/o (combining form)
|
cause (of disease)
|
|
|
|
cancer/o (combining form)
|
cancer
|
|
|
|
-cyesis (suffix)
|
pregnancy
|
|
|
|
somat/o (combining form)
|
body
|
|
|
|
xanth/o (combining form)
|
yellow
|
|
|
|
viscer/o (combining form)
|
internal organs
|
|
|
|
-sis (suffix)
|
state of
|
|
|
|
-genic (suffix)
|
"producing, originating, causing"
|
|
|
|
-ic (suffix)
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
|
-oid (suffix)
|
resembling
|
|
|
|
iatr/o (combining form)
|
"physician, medicine"
|
|
|
|
-pathy (suffix)
|
disease
|
|
|
|
-plasia (suffix)
|
"condition of formation, development, growth"
|
|
|
|
-sarcoma (suffix)
|
malignant tumor
|
|
|
|
my/o (combining form)
|
muscle
|
|
|
|
melan/o (combining form)
|
black
|
|
|
|
rhabd/o (combining form)
|
"rod-shaped, striated"
|
|
|
|
gno/o (combining form)
|
knowledge
|
|
|
|
neur/o (combining form)
|
nerve
|
|
|
|
-oma (suffix)
|
"tumor, swelling"
|
|
|
|
-osis (suffix)
|
abnormal condition (means increase when used with blood cell word roots)
|
|
|
|
-ous (suffix)
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
|
kary/o (combining form)
|
nucleus
|
|
|
|
carcin/o (combining form)
|
cancer
|
|
|
|
lei/o (combining form)
|
smooth
|
|
|
|
onc/o (combining form)
|
"tumor, mass"
|
|
|
|
organ/o (combining form)
|
organ
|
|
|
|
epitheli/o (combining form)
|
"epithelium The outside layer of cells that covers all the free, open surfaces of the body including the skin, and mucous membranes that communicate with the outside of the body"
|
|
|
|
erythr/o (combining form)
|
red
|
|
|
|
fibr/o (combining form)
|
fiber
|
|
|
|
medi/o (combining form)
|
middle
|
|
|
|
proxim/o (combining form)
|
near (the point of attachment of a body part)
|
|
|
|
ventr/o (combining form)
|
belly (front)
|
|
|
|
-ior (suffix)
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
|
later/o (combining form)
|
side
|
|
|
|
poster/o (combining form)
|
"back, behind"
|
|
|
|
super/o (combining form)
|
above
|
|
|
|
-ad (suffix)
|
toward
|
|
|
|
onych/o (combining form)
|
nail
|
|
|
|
caud/o (combining form)
|
tail (downward)
|
|
|
|
dist/o (combining form)
|
away (from the point of attachment of a body part)
|
|
|
|
infer/o (combining form)
|
below
|
|
|
|
pro- (prefix)
|
before
|
|
|
|
anter/o (combining form)
|
front
|
|
|
|
cephal/o (combining form)
|
head (upward)
|
|
|
|
dors/o (combining form)
|
back
|
|
|
|
bi- (prefix)
|
two
|
|
|
|
dys- (prefix)
|
"difficult, labored, painful, abnormal"
|
|
|
|
cutane/o (combining form)
|
skin
|
|
|
|
ungu/o (combining form)
|
nail
|
|
|
|
uni- (prefix)
|
one
|
|
|
|
-plasty (suffix)
|
surgical repair
|
|
|
|
dia- (prefix)
|
"through, complete"
|
|
|
|
necr/o (combining form)
|
"death (cells, body)"
|
|
|
|
sub- (prefix)
|
"under, below"
|
|
|
|
-phagia (suffix)
|
"eating, swallowing"
|
|
|
|
epi- (prefix)
|
"on, upon, over"
|
|
|
|
intra- (prefix)
|
within
|
|
|
|
"-coccus (pl., -cocci) (suffix)"
|
berry-shaped (form of bacterium)
|
|
|
|
-tome (suffix)
|
instrument used to cut
|
|
|
|
-ia (suffix)
|
"diseased or abnormal state, condition of"
|
|
|
|
-malacia (suffix)
|
softening
|
|
|
|
glomerul/o (combining form)
|
"glomerulus 1. In the kidney, a tiny ball-shaped structure composed of capillary blood vessels actively involved in the filtration of the blood to form urine 2. In the olfactory bulb, an anatomically discrete module receiving input from an olfactory sensory neuron"
|
|
|
|
albumin/o (combining form)
|
albumin The main protein in human blood and the key to the regulation of the osmotic pressure of blood
|
|
|
|
pleur/o (combining form)
|
pleura The thin covering that protects and cushions the lungs
|
|
|
|
epiglott/o (combining form)
|
epiglottis The flap that covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs
|
|
|
|
alveol/o (combining form)
|
alveolus One of the tiny air sacs located at the very ends of the bronchioles within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
|
|
|
|
sept/o (combining form)
|
"septum A word borrowed from the Latin ""saeptum"" meaning a ""dividing wall or enclosure"""
|
|
|
|
diaphragmat/o (combining form)
|
diaphragm (muscle) The muscle that separates the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdomen
|
|
|
|
"bronch/i, bronch/o (combining form)"
|
bronchus One of the large air tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs that convey air to and from the lungs
|
|
|
|
rhytid/o (combining form)
|
wrinkles
|
|
|
|
heter/o (combining form)
|
other
|
|
|
|
seb/o (combining form)
|
sebum (oil) An oily secretion of the sebaceous gland which helps to preserve the flexibility of the hair
|
|
|
|
-opsy (suffix)
|
to view
|
|
|
|
-rrhea (suffix)
|
"flow, excessive discharge"
|
|
|
|
bi/o (combining form)
|
life
|
|
|
|
pachy/o (combining form)
|
thick
|
|
|
|
myc/o (combining form)
|
fungus
|
|
|
|
coni/o (combining form)
|
dust
|
|
|
|
trich/o (combining form)
|
hair
|
|
|
|
hyper- (prefix)
|
"above, excessive"
|
|
|
|
hypo- (prefix)
|
"below, incomplete, deficient"
|
|
|
|
xer/o (combining form)
|
dry
|
|
|
|
neo- (prefix)
|
new
|
|
|
|
meta- (prefix)
|
"after, beyond, change"
|
|
|
|
strept/o (combining form)
|
twisted chains
|
|
|
|
aut/o (combining form)
|
self
|
|
|
|
hidr/o (combining form)
|
sweat
|
|
|
|
crypt/o (combining form)
|
hidden
|
|
|
|
-ar (suffix)
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
|
staphyl/o (combining forms)
|
grape-like clusters
|
|
|
|
dermat/o (combining form)
|
skin
|
|
|
|
derm/o (combining form)
|
skin
|
|
|
|
kerat/o (combining form)
|
"horny tissue, hard Can also mean cornea"
|
|
|
|
-meter (suffix)
|
instrument to measure
|
|
|
|
-metry (suffix)
|
measurement
|
|
|
|
"a-, an- (prefix)"
|
without or absence of
|
|
|
|
-tomy (suffix)
|
cut into or incision
|
|
|
|
-scope (suffix)
|
instrument for visual examination
|
|
|
|
-scopy (suffix)
|
visual examination
|
|
|
|
-scopic (suffix)
|
pertaining to visual examination
|
|
|
|
pneumon/o (combining form)
|
"lung, air"
|
|
|
|
pneumat/o (combining form)
|
"lung, air"
|
|
|
|
trache/o (combining form)
|
"trachea A tube-like portion of the breathing or ""respiratory"" tract that connects the ""voice box"" (larynx) with the bronchial parts of the lungs"
|
|
|
|
pulmon/o (combining form)
|
lung
|
|
|
|
hemat/o (combining form)
|
blood
|
|
|
|
muc/o (combining form)
|
"mucus A thick slippery fluid produced by the membranes lining certain organs such as the nose, mouth, throat, and vagina"
|
|
|
|
"ox/o, ox/i (combining form)"
|
oxygen
|
|
|
|
endo- (prefix)
|
within
|
|
|
|
py/o (combining form)
|
pus
|
|
|
|
pneum/o (combining form)
|
"lung, air"
|
|
|
|
thorac/o (combining form)
|
thorax (chest)
|
|
|
|
-ary (suffix)
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
|
capn/o (combining form)
|
carbon dioxide
|
|
|
|
-algia (suffix)
|
pain
|
|
|
|
-itis (suffix)
|
inflammation
|
|
|
|
-pexy (suffix)
|
"surgical fixation, suspension"
|
|
|
|
-pnea (suffix)
|
breathing
|
|
|
|
-cele (suffix)
|
"hernia, protrusion"
|
|
|
|
-centesis (suffix)
|
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
|
|
|
|
para- (prefix)
|
"beside, beyond, around"
|
|
|
|
nas/o (combining form)
|
nose
|
|
|
|
adenoid/o (combining form)
|
adenoids Masses of lymphoid tissue in the upper part of throat behind the nose
|
|
|
|
orth/o (combining form)
|
straight
|
|
|
|
per- (prefix)
|
through
|
|
|
|
-ectomy (suffix)
|
excision or surgical removal
|
|
|
|
spir/o (combining form)
|
"breathe, breathing"
|
|
|
|
tonsill/o (combining form)
|
"tonsil Small masses of lymphoid tissue at the back of the throat, on either side of the throat"
|
|
|
|
hem/o (combining form)
|
blood
|
|
|
|
lob/o (combining form)
|
lobe
|
|
|
|
laryng/o (combining form)
|
larynx The larynx is located between the pharynx and the trachea
|
|
|
|
-oxia (suffix)
|
oxygen
|
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rhin/o (combining form)
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nose
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atel/o (combining form)
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"imperfect, incomplete"
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pharyng/o (combining form)
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pharynx The hollow tube about 5 inches long that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach)
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sinus/o (combining form)
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sinus An air-filled cavity in a dense portion of a skull bone
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-rrhagia (suffix)
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rapid flow of blood
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-stomy (suffix)
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creation of an artificial opening
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-gram (suffix)
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"record, x-ray imaging"
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-eal (suffix)
|
pertaining to
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-ectasis (suffix)
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"stretching out, dilatation (the process of enlargement or expansion), expansion"
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-emia (suffix)
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blood condition
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-stenosis (suffix)
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constriction or narrowing
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azot/o (combining form)
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"urea, nitrogen"
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cyst/o (combining form)
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"bladder, sac"
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nephr/o (combining form)
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kidney
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-graphy (suffix)
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"process of recording, x-ray imaging"
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glycos/o (combining form)
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sugar
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lith/o (combining form)
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"stone, calculus"
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glyc/o (combining form)
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sugar
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son/o (combining form)
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sound
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eu- (prefix)
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"normal, good"
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pan- (prefix)
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"all, total"
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vesic/o (combining form)
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"bladder, sac"
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tom/o (combining form)
|
"cut, section"
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-thorax (suffix)
|
chest
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-spasm (suffix)
|
sudden involuntary muscle contraction
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-phonia (suffix)
|
sound or voice
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urethr/o (combining form)
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urethra The transport tube leading from the bladder to discharge urine outside the body
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blast/o (combining form)
|
"developing cell, germ cell"
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-tripsy (suffix)
|
surgical crushing
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pyel/o (combining form)
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renal pelvis The area at the center of the kidney where urine collects and is funneled into the ureter
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urin/o (combining form)
|
"urine, urinary tract"
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olig/o (combining form)
|
"scanty, few"
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-uria (suffix)
|
"urine, urination"
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-ptosis (suffix)
|
"drooping, sagging, prolapse"
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hydr/o (combining form)
|
water
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ureter/o (combining form)
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ureter A tube that carries urine down from the kidney to the bladder
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noct/i (combining form)
|
night
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-megaly (suffix)
|
enlargement
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ur/o (combining form)
|
"urine, urinary tract"
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|
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ren/o (combining form)
|
kidney
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meat/o (combining form)
|
meatus (opening or passageway)
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prostat/o (combining form)
|
prostate gland A gland within the male reproductive system that is located just below the bladder
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-rrhaphy (suffix)
|
"suturing, repairing"
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orch/o (combining form)
|
"testis, testicle"
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poly- (prefix)
|
"many, much"
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sperm/o (combining form)
|
"spermatozoa, sperm"
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balan/o (combining form)
|
"glans penis The glans penis, the rounded head of the penis or clitoris"
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orchi/o (combining form)
|
"testis, testicle"
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-ism (suffix)
|
state of
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-trophy (suffix)
|
"nourishment, development"
|
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orchid/o (combining form)
|
"testis, testicle"
|
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vas/o (combining form)
|
"vessel, duct"
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test/o (combining form)
|
"testis, testicle"
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vesicul/o (combining form)
|
seminal vesicles A structure in the male that is about 5 centimeters (2 inches) long and is located behind the bladder and above the prostate gland
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salping/o (combining form)
|
fallopian tube
|
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-lysis (suffix)
|
"loosening, dissolution, separating"
|
|
|
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-iasis (suffix)
|
condition
|
|
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-esis (suffix)
|
condition
|
|
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mast/o (combining form)
|
breast
|
|
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hymen/o (combining form)
|
hymen A thin membrane which completely or partially occludes the vaginal opening
|
|
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oophor/o (combining form)
|
ovary
|
|
|
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uter/o (combining form)
|
"uterus The uterus (womb) is a hollow, pear-shaped organ located in a woman's lower abdomen between the bladder and the rectum"
|
|
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men/o (combining form)
|
menstruation
|
|
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hyster/o (combining form)
|
"uterus The uterus (womb) is a hollow, pear-shaped organ located in a woman's lower abdomen between the bladder and the rectum"
|
|
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episi/o (combining form)
|
"vulva The female external genital organs including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, tiny glands called Bartolin's glands, and the entrance to the vagina"
|
|
|
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trachel/o (combining form)
|
"cervix The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb)"
|
|
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ante- (prefix)
|
before
|
|
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vagin/o (combining form)
|
vagina The muscular canal extending from the cervix to the outside of the body
|
|
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vulv/o (combining form)
|
"vulva The female external genital organs including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, tiny glands called Bartolin's glands, and the entrance to the vagina"
|
|
|
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gyn/o (combining form)
|
woman
|
|
|
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trans- (prefix)
|
"through, across, beyond"
|
|
|
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epididym/o (combining form)
|
epididymis A structure within the scrotum attached to the backside of the testis
|
|
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andr/o (combining form)
|
male
|
|
|
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amnion/o (combining form)
|
amnion A thin membrane surrounding the fetus during pregnancy
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