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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define "Bedouin".
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They are Arab nomads (nomads are people who move from place to place and don't have a permanent home). They're superstitious and think that there are spirits in rocks, trees, and even wood!
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Define "Mecca".
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One of the 3 main cities in northern Arabia.
It's where Mohammed was born. Mecca was at the crossroads of trade routes. Mecca was also the home of the Kaaba (a religious building which housed a meteorite known as the Black Stone that was supposed to be sacred). |
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Define "Eucharist".
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The Lord's Supper (communion).
From the Greek words for thanks, favor, and grace. Catholics thought the Eucharist saved them instead of asking Jesus to come into their hearts. |
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Define "Saladin".
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Muslim leader that was a sultan of Egypt.
Muslims grew stronger and more unified under this leader. |
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Define "Hegira".
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Mohammed didn't believe that there were multiple gods, spirits and idols. The rich businessmen in Mecca thought there were. Mohammed and his followers decided to leave Mecca. This "flight" from Mecca was called Hegira. It was the turning point for Mohammed and his new religion.
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Define "Crusade of Kings".
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It was the 3rd crusade. English king Richard the Lion-Hearted joined his French and German armies to lead this "Crusade of Kings". It accomplished so little that many people became disillusioned with the whole idea of crusades.
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Define "Arabian Peninsula".
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1. It's in the Middle East.
2. About 1,000,000 square miles big. 3. Southeast of the fertile crescent. 4. It's mostly desert wasteland. |
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Define "Seljurk Turks".
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This group was from central Asia. They took over much of the Middle East from the Arabs in the 11th century. They accepted Islam and became fanatics.
They conquered Asia Minor from the Eastern Roman Empire. Christendom lost control. |
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Define "Koran".
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The holy book of Islam. Koran means "recitation". People wrote down or memorized what they had heard Mohammed say. Mohammed claimed to have received words from Allah (his god).
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Define "Caliph".
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Mohammed's successors.
They led the Arab Muslims in holy wars to conquer much of the Middle East (except Asia Minor), part of the Far East, North Africa, and even Spain in Europe. |
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Define "Richard the Lion Heart".
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The English king who joined his French and German armies in the 3rd crusade (1189 to 1192).
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Define "Battle of Tours".
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Also called Poitiers. In 732, the Arabs were defeated in Europe.
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Define "Pope".
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"papa" or "father"
The bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. They wanted to increase their power by doing crusades. They wanted universal dominion. |
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Define "Crusade".
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Maybe marches, or parades, or wars where popes thought they could establish their control over the Eastern church and lead Europe.
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Define "Mohammad".
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Name means "highly praised"
Born about 570 A.D. in Mecca At 40 years old, he said he was receiving revelations from the angel Gabriel. He thought he was a prophet of Allah (the Arab god). |
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Define "Jihad".
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"holy war"
Mohammed lead 10,000 of his followers on the 1st jihad in 630 A.D. They conquered Mecca, destroyed idols in Kaaba, and made the city the center of the new religion. |
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Define "Ottoman".
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They were turks who became the most powerful force in the Muslim world of the Middle East in the 13th century.
In 1453, led by Mohammed II, they captured Constantinople and ended the Eastern Roman Empire. |
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Define "Islam".
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A new religion started by Mohammed. Followers were Muslims. "Islam" and "Muslims" both mean "surrender".
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Define "Pilgrimage".
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Trips from Europe to the Holy Land (where Jesus lived). They continued even after the Arab Muslim's conquest of the Holy Land in the seventh century.
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Define "Allah".
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The Arabic word for god. Mohammed thought he was an appointed prophet of Allah.
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Define "Kaaba".
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a religious building that housed a meteorite known as the Black Stone. The Black Stone was thought to be sacred.
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Define "Pope Urban II".
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He proclaimed the beginning of the crusades for western European, Roman control of the Holy Land.
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