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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sensory neuron (afferent) |
transmit sensory information (sight, sound, function) |
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inter (association) neuron |
forms connections (aka connector neurons or relay neurons) between other neurons |
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motor neuron (efferent) |
directly controls the contraction/relaxation of muscles |
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cerebrum |
contains all lobes of the brain, 4 parts |
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frontal lobe |
controls personality and decision making, thought processes, reasoning |
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parietal lobe |
controls sensory information (taste,hearing), contains the sensory cortex |
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occipital lobe |
responsible for vision |
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temporal lobe |
controls hearing, taste, smell |
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cerebellum "little brain" |
controls motor and balance, fear and pleasure responses |
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brain stem |
controls living functions (breathing, heart rate, sleeping, eating) |
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medulla |
heart rate, vomiting, breathing, bp |
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amygdala |
acrostics
fear, rage, aggression, emotion |
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pitutary gland |
master gland of the endocrine system, controlled by the hypothalamus |
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hypothalamus |
acrostics
controls hunger, thirst, sexual pleasure, pitutary gland, |
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brocas area |
in frontal lobe, responsible for speech production |
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wernickes area |
in temporal lobe, responsible for speech comprehension |
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hippocampus |
MEMORY |
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association cortex |
higher level thinking like learning |
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pons |
sleeping, dreaming, and arousal |
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sensory cortex |
in frontal lobe, responsible for senses |
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motor cortex |
in frontal lobe, responsible for motor coordination |
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reticular formation |
alertness and arousal |
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reflex arc |
neural pathway that controls an action reflex including a sensory and motor neuron with a synapse in between |
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reflex |
automatic action your body does in response to something, involuntary action, does not pass through brain |
|
synapse |
small gap between the axon of the presynaptic neurons axon, and the postsynpatic neurons dendrite. transfers the electrical impulse from one neuron to another |
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epilepsy |
seizures caused by abnormally excited electrical impulses in the brain |
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parkinsons |
shaking brain disorder in which a person looses cells in the brain |
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alzhemiers |
memory loss formation of dementia in which a person looses neurons |
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huntingtons |
spasms degeneration of cells, genetic |
|
als |
loss of muscle control, disrupts signals to all voluntary muscles, breakdown of motor neurons |
|
multiple sclerosis |
complete muscle loss, breakdown of myelin sheath |
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sodium potassium pump |
restores the amount of potassium and sodium in and out of the axon after depolorization. sodium moves out of the cell and potassium enters |
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action potential |
change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle or nerve cell |
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pancreas |
it has exocrine glands that aid in digestion. helps blood-glucose levels remain at homeostasis by releasing insulin and glucogen |
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gryus |
top ridges of brain |
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sulcus |
bottom shallow grooves of brain |
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insulin |
hormone secreated from the pancreas that is released when there is high glucose levels |
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glucagon |
hormone that is released when the blood glucose levels are too low |
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thyroid |
gland located around the esophagus that makes and stores hormones that help regulate heart rate, bp, and weight |
|
cornea |
protects eye, bends light to make image on retina |
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aqueous humor |
clear fluid that helps cornea keep rounded shape |
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pupil |
dark circle in center of iris, hole that lets light into inner eye |
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iris |
muscle that controls how much light is let into eye |
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lens |
makes image on retina, changes shape focusing on objects that are close up or far away |
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vitreous humor |
thick, clear jelly that gives eyeball shape |
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retina |
layer of light-sensitive cells at back of eye, detects images focussed by cornea and lens, connected to brain by optic nerve
|
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blind spot |
lace where optic nerve leaves retina; no light sensitive cells
|
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optic nerve |
nerve fibers that carry information from the retina to the brain; no rods/cones |
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sclera |
thick, tough, white outer covering of the eyeball for protection |
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endocrine gland |
endocrine glands in the body contain hormones that help maintain homeostasis by managing these hormone levels |
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what is the master gland? |
the pituitary gland because it can control how much or how little of each hormone for each gland is being produced |
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how do endocrine glands work together to maintain homeostasis? |
they work together by seperatley producing their own hormone that controls a certain section of the body |
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glaucoma |
increased pressure in the eye, causes gradual loss of sight |
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hyperopia |
farsightedness |
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myopia |
nearsightedness |
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astigmatism |
light rays are prevented from meeting a common focus, which can cause distortedness |
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cataracts |
eye becomes opaque causing blurriness to sight |
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retinitis pigmentosa |
hereditary disease where the light sensitivity of the eye progressively degenerate and cause blindess |
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macular degeneration |
seen more in the elderly, this is where there is damage to the retina and affects reading skills and even recognition of faces |
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colorblindess |
absence of color sensitive pigment in the cone cells of the retina, which makes it hard to differentiate colors |
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optic nerve |
a bundle of nerve fibers that carry information from the retina to the brain |
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cornea |
a protective layer over the eye |
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rods |
percieve the amount of light rays that enter the eye (regulates the amount of light) |
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cones |
percieve the different colors |
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what structures does light pass through in order? |
cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina |
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communication process of an action potential? |
resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, resting potential |
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resting potential |
the outside of the cell is positive and the inside of the cell is negative |
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depolarization |
the potassium channel closes and sodium rushes in, reversing the charges of the cell |
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repolarlization |
the sodium channel closes and potassium rushes out, restoring the charges of the cell |
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returning resting potential |
the sodium potassium pump restores original concentrations |