Hbmse Test 2

Front 1

group

Back 1

at least two individuals gathered together because of some common bond, to meet members’ social and emotional needs, or to fulfill some mutual purpose.

Front 2

4 main reasons why groups are relevant in social work

Back 2

1. sharing common interests and pursuits pro- vides a group of individuals with support, information, and motivation.

2. groups enhance creative and problem-solving potential.

3.small-group forces. Working together in a group, members exert social pressure and influence on each other.

4.convenience. When numerous individuals are involved in decision making, planning, advocating, orintervening, groups often provide the most efficient way of communicating, solving problems, and making decisions.

Front 3

Conceptual framework/Theoretical perspective/Theory

Back 3

a collection of organized hypotheses, ideas, and concepts intended to describe and explain some observable occurrence, event, trend, or fact.

Front 4

field theory

Back 4

-initially developed by Kurt Lewin (1951), a group should be viewed as an entity moving through its immediate environment in pursuit of its goals. A major strength of field theory is that it stresses the importance of examin- ing the relationship of the group to its environment.

-Field theory emphasizes how groups function in order to achieve designated goals. It views groups as progressing or failing to progress because of positive and negative forces acting on them both internally and externally in the environment. These forces can either help or hinder the group’s advancement. Field theory pre- dicts that groups experiencing numerous positive forces, rewards, and encourage- ments will continue functioning.

Front 5

valences

Back 5

Groups encountering primarily negative forces will probably fail if positive forces don’t counterbalance the negative. Such forces that push toward or pull one away from group involvement and participation are referred to as.....

Front 6

cohesion

Back 6

the collective sum of forces affecting individuals that encourage them to remain group members

Front 7

roles

Back 7

expected be- havior patterns based on individuals’ status or position within the group.

Front 8

norms

Back 8

collective rules and expectations held by group members concerning what is appropriate behavior within the group.

Front 9

power

Back 9

the ability to move people on a chosen course to produce an effect or achieve some goal.

Front 10

social exchange theory

Back 10

-stresses the importance of the individual within the group context.

-Social exchange theory focuses on interactions between and among individuals. Each interaction can be broken down into a series of behaviors and responses. Each behavior or response is evaluated in terms of how rewarding or punishing it is to the other members in the group.

Front 11

social exchange

Back 11

Interpersonal interaction, which involves both rewards and costs.

Front 12

learning theory

Back 12

a theoretical orientation that conceptualizes the social environ- ment in terms of behavior, its preceding events, and its subsequent consequences (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2013). It posits that behavior can be learned, and therefore, that maladaptive behavior can be unlearned. Learning theory provides a framework for understanding how behavior develops.

Front 13

behavioral rehearsal

Back 13

the act of practicing a new behavior, interaction, or manner of communication in a group setting.

Front 14

cognitive restructuring

Back 14

“is the process of identifying and evaluating one’s cognitions, understanding the negative behavioral impact of certain thoughts, and learning to replace these cognitions with more realistic and adaptive thoughts”