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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sternum
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breastbone
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costal cartilage
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extends between sternum and some ribs
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ribs
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12 pairs, all articulate with vertebral column and some with sternum
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true ribs
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first 7 pairs; articulate with sternum via costal cartilages
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false ribs
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last 5 pairs; the 8th,9th,10th pairs attach indirectly to sternum through the 7th costal cartilage
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floating ribs
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considered false ribs, the 11th and 12th pairs; do not attach to sternum
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alba
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white
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atlas
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Greek God who held up heavens
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Auricular
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ear-like
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axis
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axle
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dens
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tooth-like
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erector
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to raise up
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linea
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line
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manubrium
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handle-like structure
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oblique
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runs in an oblique plane
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psoas
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the loin
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quad
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four-sided
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rect
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straight
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spinae
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refers to the spine (vertebral column)
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sterno
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breast
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transversus
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in a transverse plane
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xiph
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sword
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vertebral column
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the 24 nonfused vertebrae that have intervertebral discs between them and around 9 fused vertebrae; divided into 5 types
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cervical vertebrae
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7 nonfused, the most superior
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thoracic
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12 nonfused, inferior to cervical
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lumbar vertebrae
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5 nonfused; inferior to thoracic
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sacral vertebrae
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5 fuse to form sacrum; inferior to lumbar
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coccygeal vertebrae
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3 - 5 fuse to from coccyx; inferior to sacral vertebrae
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intervertebral discs
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only found between nonfused vertebrae
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manubrium
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articulates with coastal cartilages, claviculae, and body of sternum
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clavicular notches
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articulates with claviculae
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body of sternum
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articulates with costal cartilages and manubrium
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xiphoid process
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attachment of rectus abdominis and linea alba
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head of rib
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articulate with body of thoracic vertebra (posterior end)
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tubercle of rib
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articulates with the transverse process of thoracic vertebra
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body (shaft) of rib
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muscle attachment
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costal groove
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vessels and nerves lie here (medial and inferior)
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vertebral body (centrum)
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articulates with adjacent vertebral bodies
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vertebral foramen
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passageway for spinal cord
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vertebral arch is also know as:
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neural arch
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vertebral (neural) arch
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protects spinal cord
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spinous process
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attachment of erector spinae
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transverse process
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attachment of erector spinae
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superior articular processes
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articulate with inferior articular processes of superior vertebrae (except C1)
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inferior articular processes
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articulate with superior articular processes of inferior vertebrae
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dens (ondontoid process)
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articulates with atlas
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transverse foramina
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passageway for vessels
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Which way do articular processes face on cervical vertebrae?
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superior - superiorly
inferior - inferiorly |
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rib facets
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articulates with head and tubercles of ribs
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Which way do the articular processes of Thoracic vertebrae face?
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superior - posteriorly
inferior - anteriorly |
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Which way do the articular processes of Lumbar vertebrae face?
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superior - medially
inferior - laterally |
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median sacral crest
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attachment of erector spinae
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auricular surfaces
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articulate with auricular surfaces of ilia (bone of pelvis)
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sacral canal
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passageway for spinal nerves
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anterior (ventral) sacral foramina
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passageways for spinal nerves
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posterior (dorsal) sacral foramina
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passageways for spinal nerves
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coccyx
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a bone of 3 -5 fused coccygeal vertebrae, ligament and muscle attachment
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4 Functions of the Vertebral Column
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1. Protects the brain from shock during locomotion
2. Site for muscle attachment 3. Protects the spinal cord 4. Allow body wall muscles to bend the body rather than shorten it. |
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How many vertebra are there total?
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32 - 34
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How many actual BONES are in the vertebral column?
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26
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Cervical Curvature
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a secondary curve, comes about when child begins to hold up his head and sit upright, CONCAVE
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Thoracic Curvature
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a primary curve, CONVEX
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Lumbar Curvature
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a secondary curve, comes about when a child begins to walk, CONCAVE
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Sacral Curvature
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a primary Curve, CONVEX
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Primary Curves
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thoracic and sacral
direction does not change with age due to differences in thickness between the anterior and posterior portions of VERTEBRAL BODIES |
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Secondary Curves
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cervical and lumbar
direction changes over time due to diferences in thickness between the anterior and posterior parts of INVERTEBRAL DISCS |
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external intercostals
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elevate ribs (inspiratory muscles)
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internal intercostals
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depress ribs (expiratory muscles)
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rectus abdominis
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flexes vertebral column and supports and compresses abdomen
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external/internal oblique
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abdominal support and compression; flexes vertebral column; contraction of one rotates trunk or bends it laterally
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transversus abdominis
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abdominal support and compression
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diaphragm
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pulls central tendon down, thus increasing vertical dimension of the thorax (inspiratory muscle)
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psoas major
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flexes vertebral column and thigh
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iliacus
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flexes vertebral column and thigh
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quadratus lumborum
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extends vertebral column; contraction of one bends trunk laterally
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erector spinae
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extends vertebral column
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What are the 3 functions of the curves in the vertebral column?
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facilitate upright posture, add strength to the vertebral column, and absorb shock
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