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173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the pre-requisites for HazMat Technician ?
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Awareness and Operations levels.
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What NFPA Standard and Chapter list competencies for HazMat Technicians ?
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NFPA 472
Chapter 6 |
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HazMat Techs are those persons who respond to releases or potential releases of Hazardous Materials for the purpose of...
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CONTROLLING the release
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Techs are expected to use _________ chemical protective clothing and _________ control equipment
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Specialized
Specialized |
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A-P-I-E-T
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Analyze
Plan Implement Evaluate Terminate |
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Corrosive with pH less than 7
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Acid
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When in water, acids will release ...... which can cause closed containers to pressurize or rise in temp
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positive charged ions
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Corrosive with a pH greater than 7
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Caustic or Base
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When in water, bases will release ...... which can cause closed containers to pressurize or rise in temp
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negative charged ions
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Name two other terms used for caustics
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Base
Alkaline |
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Acids react with ________
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Metals
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Bases react with ________
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Oils
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The ability of a material to destroy a material that it comes in contact with
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Corrosivity
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Numerical measure of a solution's hydrogen ion concentration as related to acidity or alkalinity
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pH
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The measure of a corrosive's ability to completely dissolve or ionize in water giving off positive hydrogen ions
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Strength
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Percentage of corrosive to water
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Concentration
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Anhydrous
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No Water
Inorganic Compund |
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Fuming
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A highly active liquid evolving visible smoke-like emanationsin contact with air
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Glacial
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Acids having a freezing point below room temp when in a highly concentrated state
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Dilute
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A solution containing less than 10% concentration in water
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The combining of anything with oxygen or the PROPENSITY TO YIELD OXYGEN
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Oxidation Potential
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Anything that has mass and occupies space
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Matter
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Substance of single elements and compounds
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Pure Substance
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Substance with more than one type of molecule physically mixed together but not bonded
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Mixture
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Substance made up of one kind of atom
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Element
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Elements that bond with themselves to become stable
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Compound
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Contains Carbon, living or once lived
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Organic
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Lacks carbon, man made
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Inorganic
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Bond between a metal and non-metal, a TRANSFER of electrons takes place, considered a salt
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Ionic Compund
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Bond between a non-metal and a non-metal, a SHARING of electrons takes place, considered a non-salt
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Covalent Compound
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Temperature at which the transition from a liquid to a gas state occurs. Vapor pressure = atmosphericpressure so the liquid rapidly expands
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Boiling Point
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Amount of gas produced by a given volume of liquid at a given temp
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Expansion ratio
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What to measures make up Flamable Range ?
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LEL
UEL |
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Concentraiton of vapors considered to be "TOO LEAN" to burn
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LEL
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Concentration of vapor considered to be "TOO RICH" to burn
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UEL
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Temp at which a LIQUID gives off enough vapors to support CONTINUOUS BURNING of an ignitable fuel mixture in air
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Fire Point
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Minimum temo at which a LIQUID gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture in air.
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Flash Point
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Minimum temo at which a MATERIAL gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture in air
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Ignition Temp
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Name the two types of ignition temp
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Auto-
Pilot- |
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Ignition Temp....
Material is heated to a point where it's hot enough to ignite the vapors without an outside ignition source |
Autoignition Temp
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Ignition Temp.....
An external souce such as a spark or flame is needed |
Pilot Ignition
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Three types of Physical State
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Solid
Liquid Gas |
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Physical State
Has a definite shape and size |
Solid
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Physical State
Specific volume and flows easily. Most Common state of Haz Materials. |
Liquid
All Liquids want to become gasses |
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Physical State
Compressed ate greater than atmoshperic pressure |
Gas
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Physical State
Liquified by pressure or temp |
Gas
Boiling point greater than that of cryogenics |
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Physical State
Condensed by pressure AND temp, boiling point less than -150' F |
Cryogenic
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Physical Changes
Solid to liquid |
Melting point
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Physical Changes
Liquid to gas |
Vaporization
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Physical Changes
Gas to liquid |
Condensation
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Physical Changes
Liquid to solid |
Freezing Point
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Physical Changes
Solid directly to Gas |
Sublimation
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Ability of a substance to mix with water
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Water Solubility
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Water soluble compunds
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Polar
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Ability of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend or to dissolve in each other
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Miscibility
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Mixture in which all ingredients are completely dissolved
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Solution
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Pourable mixture of a solid and a liquid
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Slurry
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Measure of the thickness of a liquid
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Viscosity
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Weight of a material compared to an equal volume of water
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Specific Gravity
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Weight of a vapor compared to air
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Vapor Density
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Force exerted by the vapors of a liquid against the atmosphere or the sides of a container
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Vapor Pressure
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Ability of a liquid to pass into thevapor state
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Volatility
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By-products of the combustion process as well as chemical reactions
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Toxic products of combustion
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Advantages of Biologics and toxins as weapons
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Dissemination over large geographic area
Creates panic Can overwhelm medical services Perpetrators escape easily |
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more
Advantages of Biologics and toxins as weapons |
Infectious via aerosol
Organisms stable in environment susceptible civilian populations High morbidity and mortality person-to-person transmission (smallpox, plague, VHF) Difficult to diagnose |
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Anthrax routes of exposure
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Skin absorbtion
Respiratory system ingestion handling contaminated hides, hair, flesh or excriment |
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Acute bacfteriologic disease
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Anthrax
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Initial infections of this are usually from a bite from a flea carrying the disease
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Plague
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Plague routes of exposure
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Respiratory
Injection |
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Why is Pneumonic plague a larger danger
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Victims produce a highly contagious infectious aerosol
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These grow and reproduce by forcing host cells to produce additional viruses
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Viruses
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Smallpox routes of exposure
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Respiratory
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These are produced by almost every known major category of living organism
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Toxins
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Most potent toxins known
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Botulinum Toxins
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Butulinum routes of exposure
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Ingestion
Injection |
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Water Soluble constituent of castor beans
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Ricin
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Ricin exposure routes
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Respiratory
Ingestion Injection |
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Other Biologics
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VHF- Viral hemorhagic fever (Ebola)
VEE- Venezulan equine encephelitis |
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Chemical Agents
Remains in the target area for a LONG PERIOD OF TIME |
Persistent
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Chemical Agents
Remains in the target are for a RELATIVELY SHORT PERIOD OF TIME |
Non-Persistent
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Nerve Agents
GA |
Tabun
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Nerve agents
GB |
Sarin
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Nerve Agents
GD |
Soman
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Nerve Agents
VX |
V Agent
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Nerve Agents
H |
Mustard
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Effects similar to Mustard
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Lewisite
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Block ability perfuse
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Blood Agents
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Fission device
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Atomic bomb
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Fission device routes of exposure
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skin contact
respiratory ingestion |
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Conventional explosives to spread radioactive contamination
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RDD - Radiological Dispersal Device (Dirty Bomb)
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RDD Routes of exposure
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Skin absorbtion
respiratory ingestion injection |
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The sensitivity of a material to air without the addition of heat or confinement
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Air Reactivity
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The sensitivity of a material to water without the addition of heat or confinement
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Water Reactivity
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Added to products to control their chemical reaction with other products
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Inhibitor
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Materials that decompse spontaneously, polymerize, or otherwise self react and are generally considered unstable
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Instability
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Used to control the rate of a chemical reaction by either speeding it up or slowing it down
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Catalyst
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May result in a build-up of heat that, in turn, causes an increase in pressure and may be more harmful than the material the containerwas originally designed to withstand
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Chemical Interactions
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Exposure to two materials of like hazard
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Addition
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Exposure to chemicals of like hazard
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Synergism
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Exposure to a non-toxic material and another of moderate toxicity
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Potentiative
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Exposure to these materials, the effects would be lessened
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Antagonism
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Substance's propensity to release energy or undergo change
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Chemical reactivity
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Have a tendancy to break down into their component parts
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Compund mixture
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The tendancy of like molecules to react with one another and form long chain compounds
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Polymerization
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Temperature above which a gas can't be liquified
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Critical Temp
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The pressure required to liquify a gas when it's at critical temp
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Critical pressure
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When this temp is reached by some portion of the mass of the ORGANIC PEROXIDE, irreversible decomposition will begin
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Self-accelerating decomposition temp
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Maximum temp that an organic peroxide may be stored safely
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Max safe storage temp
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Materials in which the carbon atoms are linked by only single covalent bonds (Alkalanes)
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Saturated Hydrocarbons
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Materials that have at least one multiple bond between two carbon atoms somwhere in the molecule (Alkalenes, Alkalynes)
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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
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Materials that contain the "Benizine Ring" which is formed by six carbon atoms and contains doublebonds
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Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Values used to determine exposure limits
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PPM
PPB |
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Single dose that causes the death of 50% of a group of test animals by any route other than inhalation
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LD-50
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Concentration of a material in the air that is expected to kill 50% of a group of animals by inhalation
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LC-50
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OSHA Term that is the same as TLV-TWA
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PEL
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Can be exposed 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week
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Threshold Limit Value time weighted average
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15 minute exposure time
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Threshold limit value short term exposure limit
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Max concentration of exposure
This limit is found in guidebooks and depends on the chemical |
Threshold limit value Ceiling
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Max exposure for 30 minutes
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IDLH
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Spontaneous nuclear transformation that results in the formation of a different element and usually the release of excess energy as particulate and electromagnetic radiation
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Radioactivity
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Ionizing radiation
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Alpha
Beta Gamma X-ray Ultraviolet Light |
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Non-ionizing radiation
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Visible light
infrared light microwaves radio waves |
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Positive charged particle usually not dangerous unless ingested. Can be blocked with paper
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Alpha
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Particle that can damage skin tissue and internal organs. Can be blocked by PPE and SCBA
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Beta
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Rays that can burn skin, severely damage internal organs. Protection is Time/Distance/Shielding
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Gamma
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Amount of radiation administered to a certain body part
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Dose
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Amount of radiation absorbed by the human body
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Absorbed dose
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Rate dose is administered to body part
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Dose Rate
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Amount of energy given off
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Activity
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Amount of Gamma given off
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Quantity Gamma
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Amount of time for 1/2 of atoms to break-down
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Half-Life
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Effect from localized source spread uniformly throughout surrounding space
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Inverse square law
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Amount of radiation absorbed per gram of body tissue
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RAD (Radiation absorbed dose)
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Amount of body tissue damage caused by radiation relative to a dose of 1 x-ray
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REM (Roentgen equivalent Man)
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One Thousandth of a Rem
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Milirem (MREM)
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Car Product and Class
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Cryogenic Tank Car
LOX Class 2 |
Dog House
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Car Class Product
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High Pressure Tube Car
O2 Clas 2 |
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Car Product Class
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Non Pressure Tank Car
Whiskey Class 3 |
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Car Product Class
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Non Pressure Tank Car
Whiskey Class 3 |
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Car Product Class
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Non Pressure Tank Car with Dome
Whiskey Class 3 |
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Car Product Class
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Non Pressure Tank Car
Whiskey Class 3 |
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Car Product Class
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Hopper Car
Fertilizer Class 5 |
V-Shapes
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Car Product Class
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Pressure Tank Car
O2 Class 2 |
protected fittings
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Type Product Class
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Nonpressure intermodal
Whiskey Class 3 |
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Type Product Class
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Pressure Intermodal
O2 Class 2 |
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Type Product Class
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Pressure Intermodal
O2 Class 2 |
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Type Pruduct Class
"EURO Tainer" |
Cryogenic Intermodal
LOX Class 2 |
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Type Product Class
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Tube Module
O2 class 2 |
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Type Number Product Class
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Dry bulk Cargo Tank
Fertilizer Class 5 |
V Shapes
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Type Number Product Class
Oval Tank goes to outside of tires |
MC-306 Nonpressure Liquid
Whiskey Class 3 |
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Type Number Product Class
Oval Tank goes to outside of tires |
MC-306 Nonpressure Liquid
Whiskey Class 3 |
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Type Product Class
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MC 307 low pressure
Whiskey Class 3 |
Horseshoe shape
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Type Product Class
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MC-312 Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tank
Sulfuric Acid Class 8 |
Round and sits on inside of tires
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Type Product Class
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MC 331 High Pressure
O2 Class 2 |
Round shape (cigar tube)
No Exposed fittings |
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Type Product Class
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Compressed Gas Tube Cargo Tank
O2 Class 2 |
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Type Product Class
"BOC GASSES" |
Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tank
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Non Pressure Cargo Tank
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MC-306
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Low Pressure Cargo Tank
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MC-307
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Corrosive Crago Tank
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MC-312
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High Pressure Cargo Tank
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MC-331
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Cryogenic Cargo Tank
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MC-338
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Methods for detecting nerve agents
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ICAM-D, M18-A2, M-256, M8/M9, Colorimetric tubes
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Methods for detecting Vesicants
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ICAM-D, M18-A2, M-256, M8, Colorimetric tubes
M9 will not work |
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Methods for detecting Biologics
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Outward signs
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Methods for detecting Irritants
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Recognition of signs such as tearing eyes
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Steps (order)of monitoring for Identifying an unknown atmospereh
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Radioactivity
Combustability Oxygen Availability/deficiency pH, Hydrogen Sulfide,CO, Organic (toxic) vapors |
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What is used to mintor for Radioactivity
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Radiation Detector
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What is used to monitor for combustible gasses
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CGI
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What is used to monitor for O2
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O2 Meter
19.5-23.5% |
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What is used to monitor PH
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pH Paper
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What is used to monitor forHydrogen sulfide
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Multigas
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What is used to minoter CO
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CO Meter
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What is used to monitor Organic Vapors
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Photo ionization detector
Flame ionization detector Spectrometer |
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