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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mitigation
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Prevention of a natural hazard from becoming a natural disaster
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Do people tend to reoccupy natural disaster locations? Why?
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Yes, opportunities, faith, fatalism, etc
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Magnitude varies over what?
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space and time
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As magnitude _________, frequency __________
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increases, decreases
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Return Period
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the number of years between same-sized events
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Low-fatality hazards
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Floods, tornadoes
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High-fatality hazards
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Earthquakes, hurricanes
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Exponential Growth
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Lots of population growth in a short period of time
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Doubling time
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The number of years it takes for a population to doublw
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What is our doubling time?
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53 years
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What will the human population be in 2050?
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9 billion
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Energy Sources of Disasters
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Asteroids, gravity, internal energy, the sun
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Water is what kind of molecule?
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Polar
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How much does water expand by when it freezes?
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9%
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Plate tectonics theory
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epicenters are along fault lines
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Divergent boundary
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Two plates are pulling away from one another
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Convergent boundary
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two colliding plates
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Transform fault
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two plates slide past one another
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Young spreading center and the plates involved
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East African rift valley; African and Somali
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Turkey is famous for what kind of fault?
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Transform
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What kind of fault is the dead sea fault?
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Transform
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What causes an earthquake?
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Fault movements, volcanoes, meteorite impact, nuclear bombs, undersea landslides
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What is the difference between a hanging wall and a footwall in a mine shaft?
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Footwall is the one you walk on, hanging wall is above your head
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Normal Fault
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Looks like you could step down, the footwall rose up
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Reverse Fault
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The hanging wall rose up
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What can P-Waves move through?
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Solids, liquids, and gases
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What can S-Waves move through?
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Solids
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Magnitude
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Estimate of the energy release of an earthquake
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Moment magnitude
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Used for large or far away earthquakes-amount of movement on the fault
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9 N.American earthquake regions
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Pacific NW, W. Great Basin, Intermountain belt, Rio Grande Rift, Intraplate Central, Intraplate East, Hawaii
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How many times did Ancient rifts occur in Central U.S?
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3
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Viscosity
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Resistance to flow
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Low viscosity?
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Low resistance to flow, more fluid like
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Why does magma explode at subduction zones more than spreading centers?
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The magma is more viscous and the gases can't escape as easily
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How is magma generated?
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Lower pressure, raise tem and water content
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What are some ways energy exists?
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heat, light, water, electricity, chemical
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1st Law of Thermodynamics
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Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
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Why is gravity centered in a planetary body?
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That's where the attracting mass is
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How old is the Earth?
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4.5 billion years/4500 million years
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Do all objects radiate energy?
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Yes
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Insoluation
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More solar radiation in certain areas
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Latent heat
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Carried in water vapor, releases during condensation
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Isostacy
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principle of buoyancy
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How many plates are there?
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Seven
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Is Iceland's boundary young or old?
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Old
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Dip-slip fault
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caused by a pushing or pulling force
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For P waves, the greater the density and resistance, the...
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greater the speed
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What does S wave speed depend on?
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density and shearing
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What are the L waves?
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Love and Rayleigh
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LOVE
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travel through solids, faster than Raleigh
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Raleigh
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eliptical motion, moves through solids and liquids
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Intensity scales were named after whom?
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Mercalli and Richter
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Tsunami
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harbor wave created by earthquakes or landslides
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Seismic Gap Method
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predicting earthquakes based on old earthquakes
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What three plates are subducting under the NA plate?
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Juan de Fuca, Gorda, Explorer
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Why are failed rifts hard to study?
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They are deeply buried
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