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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What rate is the Indian plate moving at? |
5mm/year |
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What rates are the Pacific and North American plates moving at? |
Pacific faster at 5-10cm year, n American 2-3cm |
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How long is the San Andreas fault? |
1300km |
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How many shallow focus quakes happen per day? When did the fault start? |
20, 200m years ago |
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What happened in the paricutin Mexico eruption in 1943? |
Come built to 424m after a 9 year series of eruptions |
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Give an example of a strato volcano |
Krakatoa, eruption sent up Ash 50 miles into the atmosphere |
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How do you interpret the vei scale? |
0-8, each increase in number represents 10x increase in activity |
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How fast can pyroclastic flows travel? |
700km/h |
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Where is there an avalanche landscape formed by an eruption in the pleistocene era? |
Fuego, Guatemala |
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What was produced in a 1959 eruption of kiluaea? |
Lava fountains 320m high |
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How are geyser eruptions formed? |
Hit rocks heat water into steam but do water can't vaporize due to weight off water above so pressure increases |
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What rate is the Pacific plate in hawaii moving at? |
Nw 10cm year |
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Where and why is there a caldera in hawaii? |
Submit of kiluaea after subsidence following the drawing of magma from upper conduit. 2.5 miles long |
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What area does the deccan plateua cover? |
500'000km |
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When did yellowstone form? |
600`000 years ago |
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How big is the magma chamber? |
3x size of NYC and contains 6x amount to class as a sorry eruption. Previous signs include 30m bulge in yellowstone Lake |
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How. Does a laccolith form? |
Viscous magma intrudes at high pressures so forces overlying country rock upwards in a domed mushroom shape. It is fed by magma from a dyke. Colorado laccoliths where anthracite coal has been formed from the heat of intrusions |
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How does a loppolith form? |
Small plutons that cave downwards with a depressed central region caused by crustal sagging |
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How do dykes form? Exampke? |
Magma under high pressure creates vertical cracks as it forces its way through rock, Kildonan dyke swarm, I isle of aran where discordant lines cut accross bedding planes |
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Where is an example of a volcanic plug? |
Loudon Hill, Scotland. 100m high |
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How does the richter scale work? |
Each increase = x30 volume, x10 wave amplitude |
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Why was ground displacement a particular hazard in the Mexico city 1995 earthquake? |
Must of city built on soils with high clay content that amplified waves. 880 buildings crumbled. |
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What are body waves? |
P and s waves - travel through interior of the earth |
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What are surface waves? |
Arrive after body waves, responsible for damage. Love and Rayleigh waves |
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What are the characteristics of love waves? |
Fastest, side to side movement and displace horizontally |
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What are the characteristics of Rayleigh waves? |
Roll, move ground up and down and side to side in same direction the wave is moving. Most of shaking comes from here. |
