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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 Basic Components to conduct action
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1. sensory input
2. integration 3. motor output |
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sensory input
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sends natural messages to nerve cells then to brain or spinal cord
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nerve cells
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"interpet" or "weight" the signal and "decide" the appropriate response
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motor output
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-signals from the brain/spinal cord are sent to appropraite effectors
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Specialized Cells
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1. Neurons
a. nerve b. excitable cells that generate and transmit messages 2. Glial Cells a. supporting cells b. outnumber the neurons 10 to 1 |
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Functions of Glial
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1. structurl function
2. protection 3. nurture of neurons 4. housekeeping function 5. insulation of nerves 6. develop nervous system 7. communication |
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Neuron Functions
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-sensory: conduct info from receptors to central nervous system
-motor: carry info away from central nervous system to effectors -interneurons: integrate info between sensory and motor (99% os bodies neurons) |
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repair of damaged nerve
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-repair of cut or crushed nerve
-ends must align -no obstacles -doctors cn cut damaged nerve ends |
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action potential
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-polarized
-depolarized -repolarization |
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homeostasis
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-plays a key role in maintaining internal stability
-relies on sensory information in order to initiate a meaningful response |
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central nervous system
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a. brain
b. spinal cord |
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peripheral nervous system
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1. somatic nervous system
a. sensory nervous system b. voluntary movements 2. autonomic nervous system a. involuntary, unconscious activities which maintain a relatively stable internal environment b. sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions |
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the brain
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-3 lbs.
-13% of weight |
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protective coverings
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-brain and spinal cord are very sensitive and fragile requiring protection from 3 sources
a. skeletal system b. cerebrospinal fluid c. menagies |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
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-circulates around the brain/spinal cord
-serves as liquid cushion preventing the crashing against cranium -nourishes brain and removes waste materials -formed by filtration of blood plasma through capallaries |
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Menigees
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-coverings that continosly run around the brain and spinal cord
1. Dura Mater a. outside tought and leathery 2. Arachnoid b. cobweb 3. Pia Mater |
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Reflex Arc
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1. receptor
2. sensory neuron 3. association neuron 4. motor neuron 5. effector |
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brain stem
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-midbrain
-pons -medulla oblongat: upper portion |
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thalamus (inner chamber)
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-"gateway" to the cerebral cortex
-sensory input from sense except smell -functions: a. sorts info b. groups it according to function c. relays to the apporpriate brain region |
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hypothalamus
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-essential to maintaining a stable environment
-blood pressure -heart rate -body temp -food intake -regulations relases of pituitairy hormones -produces ADH and Oxytocin -center for emotions |
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cerebrum
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-largest most prominent part of brain
-"conscious" part of the brain -2 hemispheres |
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4 major lobes of brain
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1. frontal
2. parietal 3. temporal 4. occipital |
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limbic system
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-emotions: rage, fear, sorrow, joy, sexual pleasure
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reticular activating system
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-a filter for sensory input
-our brain is constantly flooded with sensory input (noises) -activats with cerebral cortex (determines intelligence, personality, etc.) |
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cerebellum
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-functions in sensory: motor coordination
-produces smooth well timed movements -controls equilibirum and posture -stores learned motor patterns |
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aging and nervous system
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-nerve cells lost
-decreased capacity to send impulses -conduction velcoity decreases -voluntary motor movements slow down -reflex time for skeletal muscles increases -exercise helps - |
