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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is NOT an indication for sx correction for fracture immobilization for Mandibular and pre-maxillary fx's ? |
Contamination of fx line |
generally always considered contaminated |
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TX options of Madibular and Pre maxillary Fx's: |
Tension bands Wires IM Pins PMMA intra-aural splint Internal Fixations External FIxations |
6 |
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with Sx aid whats next?
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roughly 6 wk recheck and adjust to horses healing |
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Tongue Laceration Types: |
1. Small 2. Large
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Small tongue laceration plan |
Heal on their own
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Large tongue laceration plan (tend not to heal on own)
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-Remove if just tip -Anesthesia and suture if bigger (multiple layer closer)
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Choke anatomy to recall:
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-Cr 2/3 of esophagus is striated then b/c smooth muscle for remainder of tract - Common carotid, vagosympathetic trunk and RLN present dorsal lateral of esophagus - Poor vomit reflex
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What the owner can see with a choke: |
-Dramatic response - waves on esophagus -If not too close to cardia ingesta out nose (classic appearance) |
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Dx of choke: |
- PE -Nasogastric tube (GENTLE) -Radiographs (often with contrast) - Endoscopy |
4 primary |
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What can endoscopy tell us about a choke? |
- Condition of esophageal wall - Look to trachea for signs of aspirations - possible locations of stricture -visualize/ locate obstuction |
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Non-SX TX of esophageal obstruction(7): |
1- *NPO* 2-always sedate (variable thoughts on Oxytocin and Buscopan) 3- Spontaneous resolution 4-Gentle lavage with stomach tube and water 5- Naso-trach tube to prevent aspiration 6- +/- ABX (consider aspiration and duration) 7- Slurry for post choke feeding usually a least a day out (goal is minimal effort for esphagous to pass) |
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SX (try to avoid) TX of esophageal Obstruction(3): |
1- Esophageal lavage under general anesthesia 2- Esophagotomy 3- Esophagostomy |
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Esophageal stricture Dx: |
1- Endoscopy 2- Contrast Radiograph |
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Esophageal stricture Tx: |
1- Non-SX: Bougienage 2-Sx: Laser and/ or open surgery |
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Esophageal Stricture Px: |
Tend to recur |
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Other Esophageal Problems (7): |
1- Perforation 2- Diverticula 3- Fistula 4- Intramural esophageal cysts (rare) 5- Congenital abnorm. (rare) 6- Neoplasia (uncommon but often SCC) 7- Megaesophagus (rare often 2ary to chornic obstructive processs) |
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Diseases of the stomach (4): |
1- Acute Gastric Dilation 2- Gastric Impaction 3- Gastric Ulcers 4- Gastric Neoplasia |
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Acute Gastric Dilation Key points:
U/S can be very helpful |
- Primary - Secondary (SI occlusion) - Gastric rupture may be a sequel - Poor vomit relfex |
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Gastric Impaction Points: |
- Can be primary but not always - Initially grind teeth and go off feed |
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Gastric Ulcer Points: |
- Common foals/weanlings, and adults - May be sources of chronic intermittent colic - High prevelance -May still eat well, can use feed to try to buffer stomach |
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What is NOT a known cause of gastric ulcers in horses? |
- Misoprostol |
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Some known causes of ulcers? |
- NSAIDS - Stress - Fasting |
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Gastric Neoplasia thoughts: |
MC: SCC can see: Lymphoma and Sarcoma Dx: endoscopy |
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CASE= 12 yo QH- chock of 1 hour bolt feeder PE: distress, cough occasionally, nasal discharge with ingesta T=100.4, P=48, R= 40 Plan:
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- Sedate (xy, Dex, Butorph) - Nasogastric intubation - Lavage |
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CASE= Now what? |
Serial PE monitoring |
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