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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three Goals of Chemotherapy
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Cure (obviously 1st choice!)
Control – if unable to cure, at least prevent the growth & spread of the cancer Palliation-easing the severity of pain and other tumor symptoms |
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6 classes of drugs:
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Alkylating agents
Antimetabolites Antitumor antibiotics Plant alkaloids/ natural products Hormones and hormone blockers Biologic response modifiers |
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Alkylating Drugs
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Act by binding with CA cells’ DNA, changing its’ structure - thereby inhibiting cell division – and killing or slowing tumor cell replication
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Nitrogen mustard (alkalyting agent)
Patients should be well hydrated to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis**** |
cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)***
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Antimetabolites
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Work by interfering with nutrient or nucleic acid metabolism of rapidly growing tumor cells
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Used as immunosuppressant therapy (in addition to for cancer chemotherapy)
Following transplant surgery in severe R.A. , SLE, psoriasis |
Methotrexate (Trexall)***
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Blocks enzyme necessary for DNA/RNA synthesis
Used as single agent or in combination therapy Useful in cancer of breast, colon, rectum, stomach, pancreas |
Fluorouracil (5-FU)***
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drugs are obtained from bacteria - & can kill cancer cells
Inhibit protein, RNA synthesis |
Antitumor Antibiotics
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Used to treat squamous cell carcinoma, testicular tumors, lymphoma
SE: Pulmonary toxicity |
Bleomycin***
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Used to treat lymphomas, leukemias, & cancers of: breast, lung, testes, thyroid, & ovaries (solid tumors
SE: Cardiac toxicity*** |
Adriamycin (doxorubicin)***
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Plant Alkaloids / Natural Products
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Mitotic Inhibitors: kill by preventing cell division
SE Low blood counts, alopecia, stomatitis, N/V |
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Vinca Alkaloids (start with “vin-”)
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vincristine*** (Oncovin),
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Taxanes
Newer, excellent anti-tumor activity |
paciltaxel (Taxol) ***, Taxotere
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Hormones / Hormone Antagonists
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Used to slow growth of hormone-dependent tumors which occur in prostate & breast (oral)
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Female hormone estrogen (Premarin**)
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Used in men to decrease progression of prostate cancer
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blocks estrogen receptors in cancer cells, thereby slowing the growth of breast tumors.
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Anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen****
S.E.: N/V, increased risk of uterine cancer, hot flashes, fluid retention, DVTs and abnormal vaginal bleeding |
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Other Hormones: Corticosteroids
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(Prednisone) may be used as part of chemo regimen
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Biologic Response Modifiers (BRMs)
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do not kill the tumor cells directly; instead they enhance the body’s immune system
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Proteins produced by the immune system in response to a viral infection
Used to treat hairy cell leukemia, CML, Kaposi’s sarcoma, & chronic hepatitis B or C |
Interferons
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Erythropoietin or Epoetin alfa (Procrit, Epogen)***
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Protein produced by kidneys increases RBCs
Used to treat anemia (CRF cancer) |
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Protein produced in body stimulates neutrophil (WBC) production
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filgrastim (Neupogen) ***
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stimulates platelet production
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Oprelvekin (Neumega
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