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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diuretics
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increase urine output
Excretion of excess fluid is needed in tx of these conditions: HTN, CHF, CRF, pulmonary edema, liver failure (cirrhosis) |
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Most commonly prescribed diuretic (loop)
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furosemide (Lasix)*******
Can increase urine output even when blood flow to the kidneys is diminished SE: Hypotension, dehydration, dizziness if large fluid loss; hypokalemia (especially in pts taking digoxin – can cause dig. toxicity), ototoxicity (if given too fast via IV) |
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Other Loop Diuretics
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-torsemide (Demadex)
Longer half life than Lasix -bumetanide (Bumex) 40 times more potent than Lasix |
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Thiazide Diuretics
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Largest, most commonly prescribed class
Not as strong as loop diuretics For mild – moderate HTN Same possible side effects as loops |
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Very commonly prescribed
Thiazide |
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (HydroDiuril, Microzide)
p.o., also used in combination with other antihypertensives Used in HTN, heart failure, liver disease SE – occur less often than with loop diuretics:Hypotension, weakness, hypokalemia |
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Pt teaching/Nursing responsibilities r/t thiazide SE
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Dangle before you walk
eat potassium rich foods: bananas, apricots, sweet potatoes |
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Potassium-sparing diuretics
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Less effective diuresis than loop or thiazides, but prevent K+ loss
Blocks Na+ reabsorption in distal tubule, so Na+ is excreted in the urine Often used in combination with thiazides or loops to increase diuresis and keep potassium levels in balance |
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Potassium-sparing diuretics example
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spironolactone (Aldactone)
and triamterene (Dyrenium)****** SE: Uncommon, but potential for hyperkalemia |
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Treatment
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Kayexalate: exchanges potassium for sodium in the colon, causing excretion of potassium; po or enema
Glucose & insulin IV in severe cases to pull K+ from ECF and into cells. |
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Oral Potassium Replacement
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KayCiel, Kaon-Cl, Slow-K, K-lyte, K-Dur
Should be taken with fluids and food (to prevent upset tummy) |
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Potassium Replacement IV
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IV potassium chloride
Always diluted in an IV solution Never given as an IV bolus Irritating to vein usually given over ~ 4 hrs; never faster than 10 mEq/hour. warm pack for burning |
