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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Borderline high total cholesterol
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200-239
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What is hypertension?
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nConsistent elevation of diastolic B/P above 90
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Incidence of hypertension __________ with age.
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Increases
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High risk population for hypertension
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African American Men
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Normal BP
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120/80
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Hypertension caused by another disease is called
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Secondary hypertension
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Assessment of atheroschlerosis/arteriosclerosis
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Skin Color (pallor, cyanosis)
Neck vein distention - reflects right atrial pressure Respiratory (dyspnea, Orthopnea) Presence of edema - fluid volume overload Nail clubbing - sign of chronic hypoxia Capillary filling - measure of peripheral circulation Lack of hair on legs/feet Venous stasis or Arterial Ulcers Vericose Veins |
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ACE inhibitors end in...
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"prill"
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Cardiomyopathy is the deterioration of the function of the
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myocardium
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Known causes of CHF
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Cardiotoxic agents such as cocaine, chemotherapy, hypertension, aortic stenosis, idiopathic.
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Measuring ______ _______ can provide early assessment of CHF
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Daily weight
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Heart muscle diseases that affect structural or functional ability of the myocardium. Result in CHF.
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Cardiomyopathy
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What causes Coronary Artery Disease?
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Any vascular disorder that narrows or occludes the coronary arteries
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Out pouching or dilation of aorta wall, thought to be from plaque. Occurs mostly in men.
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Aortic aneurysm
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Most common symptom of aortic aneurysm
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Chest pain
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Dilated subcutaneous veins, can be bulging
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Varicose veins
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Varicose veins occurring in anorectal area
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hemorrhoids
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Symptoms of this vascular disorder include: Pain when standing relieved by walking, Cramps in legs, Cosmetic
Nocturnal leg cramps and Swelling |
Varicose veins
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Varicose veins are most often diagnosed by
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Bulging appearance, duplex study
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Factors that aggravate varicose veins
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Increased venous pressure R/T obesity, pregnancy, tumors, standing for long hours
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The official cause of varicose veins is unknown but a possible cause is...
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Increased venous pressure (Values of veins stretched and become incompetent. Blood flows reversed)
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5 foods that lower cholesterol
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1. Oatmeal, oat bran and high-fiber foods
2. Fish and omega-3 fatty acids 3. Walnuts, almonds and other nuts 4. Olive oil 5. Foods with added plant sterols or stanols |
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What should you cutnout of your diet to lower cholesterol
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6. Cut back on cholesterol and total fat — especially saturated and trans fats
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An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity that leads to increased intrapericardial pressure and can negatively affect heart function
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Pericardial effusion
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Disorder caused by inflammation of the pericardium, which is the sac-like covering of the heart
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Pericarditis
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Signs and symptoms of pericarditis
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Heart Sounds muffled and hear a pericardial rub Chest pain, Usually relieved by sitting up and leaning forward Breathing difficulty when Splinting of ribs with breathing |
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Primary diagnostic measures for pericarditis
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Auscultate for cardiac rub, EKG
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Causes of pericarditis
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Viral, bacterial, or fungal infection
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What does Homeocystine measure?
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Risk of cardiac issues
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Valve stenosis is commonly caused by...
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Calcium deposits
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Tachycardia
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> 100 bpm
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Bradycardia
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<60 bpm
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Premature beat
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occurs between cycles
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Heart sound that is delayed or absent
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Blocked
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Narrowing of the mitral valve that causes the valve not to open properly and to obstruct blood flow between the left atrium and venticle of the heart
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Mitral valve stenosis
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Mitral valve stenosis is often caused by _____ _____ in older people and _______ ________ in younger people.
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Calcium deposits; rheumatic fever
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Mitral valve regurgitation causes blood to back up into the _____ ______.
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Left atrium
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Best test for vlavular heart disease
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Echo
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In aortic valve regurgitation, blood leaks back into the ____ ______.
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Left ventricle
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Complications of aortic valve regurgitation
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left-sided heart failure
pulmonary edema endocarditis -- infection of the valve |
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Congenital Disease caused by
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Diabetes, alcohol, viruses, downs, turners, kleinfelters
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The classic form of Tetralogy of Fallot includes which 4 defects within the heart structures?
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Ventricular septal defect
Narrowing of the pulmonic outflow tract An aorta that arises from both ventricles Right ventricular hypertrophy |
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a condition where the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that allows blood to bypass the baby's lungs before birth, fails to close after birth.
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
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Children with viral infections and PKU abnormalities are at risk for...
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PDA
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Communication between the right and left atria which causes a left to right shunting of blood due to the higher pressure in the pulmonary circulatory system. Consequently there is a mixing of oxygenated (systemic) and deoxygenated (pulmonary) blood.
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Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
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Seen in children Turner Syndrome
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ASD
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One or more holes in the muscular wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart
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•Ventricular septal defect
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the most common congenital (present from birth) heart defect
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VSD
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People with this condition often have high blood pressure in the upper body and arms (or one arm) and low blood pressure in the lower body and legs
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Coarctation of the aorta
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A birth defect in which the major artery from the heart (the aorta) is narrowed somewhere along its length, most commonly just past the point where the aorta and the subclavian artery meet.
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Aortic coarctation
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Acute, self-limiting systemic vasculitis that may result in cardiac injury.
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Kawasaki disease
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Boys with Kleinfelters syndrome are predisposed to ...
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PDA
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