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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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80-conductor IDE cable
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An IDE cable that has 40 pins but uses 80 wires, 40 of which are ground wires designed to reduce crosstalk on the cable. The cable is used by ATA/100 and ATA/133 IDE drives.
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ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
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A nonprofit organization dedicated to creating trade and communications standards.
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ATAPI (Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface)
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An interface standard, part of the IDE/ATA standards, that allows tape drives, CD-ROM drives, and other drives to be treated like an IDE hard drive by the system.
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autodetection
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A feature of system BIOS and hard drives that automatically identifies and configures a new drive in CMOS setup.
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block mode
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A method of data transfer between hard drive and memory that allows multiple data transfers on a single software interrupt.
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boot record
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The first sector of a floppy disk or logical drive in a partition; it contains information about the disk or logical drive. On a hard drive, if the boot record is in the active partition, then it is used to boot the OS. Also called boot sector.
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boot sector
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Another term for a boot record.
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cluster
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One or more sectors that constitute the smallest unit of space on a disk for storing data (also referred to as a file allocation unit). Files are written to a disk as groups of whole clusters.
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DMA (direct memory access) transfer mode
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A transfer mode used by devices, including the hard drive, to transfer data to memory without involving the CPU.
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EIDE (Enhanced IDE)
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A standard for managing the interface between secondary storage devices and a computer system. A system can support up to six serial ATA and parallel ATA IDE devices or up to four parallel ATA IDE devices such as hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives.
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external SATA (eSATA)
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standard that specifies full SATA cabling for external disks.
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FAT12
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The 12-bit wide, one-column file allocation table for a floppy disk, containing information about how each cluster or file allocation unit on the disk is currently used.
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file allocation unit
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Another term for a cluster.
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floppy disk drive (FDD)
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a drive that can hold either a 5 ¼ inch or 3 ½ inch floppy disk.
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hard drive controller
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The firmware that controls access to a hard drive contained on a circuit board mounted on or inside the hard drive housing. Older hard drives used firmware on a controller card that connected to the drive by way of two cables, one for data and one for control.
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head
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The top or bottom surface of one platter on a hard drive. Each platter has two heads.
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high-level formatting
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Formatting performed by means of the DOS or Windows Format program (for example, FORMAT C:/S creates the boot record, FAT, and root directory on drive C and makes the drive bootable). Also called OS formatting.
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host adapter
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The circuit board that controls a SCSI bus supporting as many as seven or fifteen separate devices. The host adapter controls communication between the SCSI bus and the PC.
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IDE (Integrated Device Electronics)
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A hard drive whose disk controller is integrated into the drive, eliminating the need for a controller cable and thus increasing speed, as well as reducing price. See also EIDE.
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Logical Unit Number (LUN)
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A number assigned to a logical device (such as a tray in a CD changer) that is part of a physical SCSI device, which is assigned a SCSI ID.
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low-level formatting
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A process (usually performed at the factory) that electronically creates the hard drive tracks and sectors and tests for bad spots on the disk surface.
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operating system formatting
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another term for high-level formatting.
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parallel ATA
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An older IDE cabling method that uses a 40-pin flat data cable or an 80-conductor cable and a 40-pin IDE connector. See also serial ATA.
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PIO (Programmed Input/Output) transfer mode
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A transfer mode that uses the CPU to transfer data from the hard drive to memory. PIO mode is slower than DMA mode.
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read/write head
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A sealed, magnetic coil device that moves across the surface of a disk either reading data from or writing data to the disk.
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SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
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A fast interface between a host adapter and the CPU that can daisy chain as many as 7 or 15 devices on a single bus.
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SCSI ID
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A number from 0 to 15 assigned to each SCSI device attached to the daisy chain.
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serial ATA (SATA)
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An ATAPI cabling method that uses a narrower and more reliable cable than the 80-conductor cable. See also parallel ATA.
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serial ATA cable
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An IDE cable that is narrower and has fewer pins than the parallel IDE 80-conductor cable.
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terminating resistor
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The resistor added at the end of a SCSI chain to dampen the voltage at the end of the chain.
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zone bit recording
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A method of storing data on a hard drive whereby the drive can have more sectors per track near the outside of the platter.
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