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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Greek word meaning “cut up” |
Anatomy |
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“Ana” means |
Up |
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“Tony” means |
Process of Cutting |
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Macroscopic, can be seen by the eye ; can be studied without a microscope |
Gross Anatomy |
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Study of the different regions of the body |
Regional Anatomy |
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Study of the landmarks of the body surface of the different visceral organs |
Surface Anatomy |
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Study of the specific systems of the body |
Systemic Anatomy |
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Study of prenatal development |
Embryology |
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Study of Human Growth and development from fertilized egg to mature adult to death |
Developmental Anatomy |
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Study of structures of the body using X-rays and other noninvasive imaging techniques |
Radiology |
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Study of structures of the body using X-rays and other noninvasive imaging techniques |
Radiology |
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Structural changes (macroscopic to microscopic) associated with disease |
Pathological Anatomy |
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Study of how the structure of these organism perform their functions |
Physiology |
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Physio means |
Nature |
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Physio means |
Nature |
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The study of the functions of living organisms. Cornerstone of human physiology |
Cell physiology |
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Study of the functions of specific organs |
Special Physiology |
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Study of the functions of specific organs |
Special Physiology |
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Includes all aspects of the functions of specific organ systems |
Systemic Physiology |
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Includes all aspects of the functions of specific organ systems |
Systemic Physiology |
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Study of effects of the diseases on organ or system functions |
Pathophysiology |
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The basic and smallest unit of all matter |
Atoms |
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The basic and smallest unit of all matter |
Atoms |
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Combination of 2 or more atoms |
Molecules |
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A molecule containing atoms of more than one element |
Compound |
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Smallest independent units of life |
Cell |
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Made up of many similar cells that perform a specific function |
Tissue |
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Made up of many similar cells that perform a specific function |
Tissue |
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Covers the body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands |
Epithelial Tissues |
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Connects, supports, and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues. |
Connective tissue |
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Carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses. |
Nervous tissue |
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Carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses. |
Nervous tissue |
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Contracts to make body parts move and generates heat. |
Muscular tissue |
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Tissues that are joined together |
Organs |
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Consists of related organs with a common function. |
Organ system |
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Bones and cartilaginous parts like chest and nose |
Skeletal system |
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Skin and its appendages |
Integumentary system |
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Oral cavity, pharynx and gut; extends from mouth to anus; glands like the liver and the pancreas. Concerned with the assimilation of food |
Digestive system |
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Sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body |
Metabolism |
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Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components. |
Catabolism |
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Building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components |
Anabolism |
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Body’s ability to detect and respond to changes. |
Responsiveness |
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Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells |
Movement |
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Increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both. |
Growth |
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Development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state |
Differentiation |
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Any living individual. All the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total ______________ |
Organism |
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Refers either to (1) the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or (2) the production of a new individual |
Reproduction |
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“unchanging sameness”, “staying the same”. Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment that is essential to life. Dynamic state of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes. |
Homeostasis |
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A way to disrupt homeostasis |
Stress |
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Comprises all skeletal muscles; primary function is locomotion |
Muscular system |
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Comprises brain and spinal cord and the nerves arising from them; the master system that coordinates the activities of all other systems |
Nervous system |
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Consisting of ductless glands which produce secretions called hormones |
Endocrine system |
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Heart and blood vessels; and the lymphatic system composing of lymph nodes and vessels |
Circulatory system |
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Consisting of joints and their associated bones and ligaments |
Articular system |
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Comprising the lungs and the system of tubes for air |
Respiratory system |
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Kidneys, urinary bladder and excretory passages; elimination of waste material in urine |
Urinary system |
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Comprising various organs concerned with reproduction |
Reproductive system |
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Consists of related organs with a common function. |
Organ system |
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Bones and cartilaginous parts like chest and nose |
Skeletal system |
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Skin and its appendages |
Integumentary system |
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Oral cavity, pharynx and gut; extends from mouth to anus; glands like the liver and the pancreas. Concerned with the assimilation of food |
Digestive system |
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Sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body |
Metabolism |
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Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components. |
Catabolism |
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Building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components |
Anabolism |
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Body’s ability to detect and respond to changes. |
Responsiveness |
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Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells |
Movement |
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Increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both. |
Growth |
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Development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state |
Differentiation |
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Any living individual. All the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total ______________ |
Organism |
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Refers either to (1) the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or (2) the production of a new individual |
Reproduction |
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“unchanging sameness”, “staying the same”. Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment that is essential to life. Dynamic state of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes. |
Homeostasis |
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A way to disrupt homeostasis |
Stress |
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Factors causing stress |
Stressors |
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Comprises all skeletal muscles; primary function is locomotion |
Muscular system |
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Comprises brain and spinal cord and the nerves arising from them; the master system that coordinates the activities of all other systems |
Nervous system |
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Consisting of ductless glands which produce secretions called hormones |
Endocrine system |
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Heart and blood vessels; and the lymphatic system composing of lymph nodes and vessels |
Circulatory system |
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Consisting of joints and their associated bones and ligaments |
Articular system |
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Comprising the lungs and the system of tubes for air |
Respiratory system |
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Kidneys, urinary bladder and excretory passages; elimination of waste material in urine |
Urinary system |
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Comprising various organs concerned with reproduction |
Reproductive system |
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Consists of related organs with a common function. |
Organ system |
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Any living individual. All the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total ______________ |
Organism |
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Comprises all skeletal muscles; primary function is locomotion |
Muscular system |
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Comprises brain and spinal cord and the nerves arising from them; the master system that coordinates the activities of all other systems |
Nervous system |
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Consisting of ductless glands which produce secretions called hormones |
Endocrine system |
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Heart and blood vessels; and the lymphatic system composing of lymph nodes and vessels |
Circulatory system |
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Consisting of joints and their associated bones and ligaments |
Articular system |
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Comprising the lungs and the system of tubes for air |
Respiratory system |
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Kidneys, urinary bladder and excretory passages; elimination of waste material in urine |
Urinary system |
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Comprising various organs concerned with reproduction |
Reproductive system |
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Bones and cartilaginous parts like chest and nose |
Skeletal system |
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Skin and its appendages |
Integumentary system |
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Oral cavity, pharynx and gut; extends from mouth to anus; glands like the liver and the pancreas. Concerned with the assimilation of food |
Digestive system |
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Sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body |
Metabolism |
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Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components. |
Catabolism |
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Building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components |
Anabolism |
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Body’s ability to detect and respond to changes. |
Responsiveness |
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Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells |
Movement |
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Increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both. |
Growth |
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Development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state |
Differentiation |
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Refers either to (1) the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or (2) the production of a new individual |
Reproduction |
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“unchanging sameness”, “staying the same”. Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment that is essential to life. Dynamic state of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes. |
Homeostasis |
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A way to disrupt homeostasis |
Stress |
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Factors causing stress |
Stressors |
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Comprising various organs concerned with reproduction |
Reproductive system |
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Results from activities of the nervous or endocrine system, organ systems that can control or adjust the activities of many different systems simultaneously |
Extrinsic regulation |
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Fluid within cell |
Intracellular fluid (ICF) |
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Water-based medium in which body cells exist. Cells are bathed in fluid called interstitial or tissue fluid. |
Internal Environment |
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Allows the cell (plasma) membrane to control the entry or exit of many substances, thereby regulating the composition of its internal environment Ensures that the chemical composition of the fluid inside cells is different from the interstitial fluid that bathes them. |
Selective permeability |
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cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored, reevaluated, and so on. |
Feedback system |
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disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a controlled condition |
Stimulus |
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monitor changes in a controlled condition and sends input (nerve impulses or chemical signals) to a control center thru the afferent pathway |
Receptor/Sensor |
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Fluid within cell |
Intercellular fluid (ICF) |
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Fluid outside body cells |
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) |
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ECF that fills the narrow spaces between cells of tissues |
Interstitial fluid |
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ECF within blood vessels |
Blood plasma |
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ECF within lymphatic vessels |
Lymph fluid |
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ECF within brain and spinal cord |
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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ECF in the joints |
Synovial fluid |
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ECF in the eyes |
Aqueous humor and vitreous body |
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Surrounds the body |
External Environment |
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establishes the set point, evaluates the input it receives from the receptors, and generates output commands (nerve impulses or chemical signals) to effectors thru the efferent pathway |
Control center/Integrating system |
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establishes the set point, evaluates the input it receives from the receptors, and generates output commands (nerve impulses or chemical signals) to effectors thru the efferent pathway |
Control center/Integrating system |
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range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained |
Set point |
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receive output from the control center and produce a response or change |
Effectors |
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return to homeostasis by correcting the disturbance that occurred as detected by the receptors |
Response |
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If the change/ effect is opposite/ negative to the initiating stimulus |
Negative feedback |
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• Rare in the body because they tend to increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and to push the variable farther from its original value. • Effectors respond by exaggerating or enhancing the stimulus • Typically used to deal with threat or stress • Eg. Giving birth -contractions promote more contractions until delivery |
Positive feedback |
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Study of the cause(s) of disease and/or injury |
Etiology |
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Unknown cause of disease |
Idiopathic |
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Some conditions are caused by the effects of treatments |
Iatrogenic |
