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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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venous blood sample |
- collection of blood sample or administration of medication - proper restraint is key to venipuncture technique - insert needle bevel facing up |
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cephalic venipuncture |
- sternal recumbency or standing position - position of the restrainer vs position of the collector - digital pressure is applied to vein |
jugular vein is preferred when larger volume needed |
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jugular venipuncture |
cats/small dogs- held in sternal recumbancy near edge of table large dogs- restrained in seated position on floor use of vacutainer system |
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lateral saphenous |
- ideal site for blood collection in dogs - right lateral recumbency - position of handler for venipuncture - placement of thumb along side vessel |
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medial saphenous/ femoral venipuncture |
- small volumes of blood, primarily in feline patient - use of right vein, right lateral recumbency, and abduction of left rear leg - blood collection |
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arterial blood sample |
- acid-base and blood gas of patient - femoral of dorsal metatarsal arteries - lingual, brachial and radial artery in anesthetized patient - difference in color of arterial vs. venous blood |
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Urine sample collection |
- gross/macroscopic analysis and/or bacterial culture - if not analyzed in 30 minutes DON'T USE |
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Voided collection |
- adequate for routine analysis not suited for bacterial culture - easiest way to obtain urine using this method - collection using a raised grate in hospitalized patients - use of shredded wax paper in litter pan - use of collection devise |
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manual bladder expression |
- adequate for routine analysis, not suited for bacterial culture - hard to perform in males, increase of intra-bladder pressure, but urethral sphincter may not relax - standing or lateral position, isolate bladder with both hands and apply gentle pressure until urine is seen |
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catherization |
- collect urine, relieve urethral obstruction, or empty bladder - acceptable for bacterial culture if no cysto - important part of quantitating urinary output - should be removed ASAP to limit inflammation of infection of urinary tract |
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Catheterization Male Dog |
- lateral recumbency w/ upper leg abducted - expose tip of penis and cleanse prior to placement - lubricate tip of penis and insert catheter sterily - gentle pressure should be placed until urine is seen - discard first several mls, contaminants -secure with suture and white tape |
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Catheterization of Female Dog |
- standing position, lateral or sternal recumbency with hind legs dangling off table - cleansing and prep of vulva - passage through vulva and into urethral orifice - lighted vaginal speculum for visualization |
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Catheterization of Male Cat |
- short acting anesthetic - placement on his side or back with hind legs forward - retraction of prepuce and exposure of penis |
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Catheterization of female cat |
performed infrequently due to difficulty and requirement of sedation - perineal region is aseptically prepared and vulva is pulled caudally - open ended tomcat catheter along midline of floor of the vagina and into urethra |
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cystocentesis |
-percutaneous aspiration of urine from bladder - specimens for urinalysis and bacterial culture - last resort to evacuation of bladder with urethral obstruction - restrained in dorsal/lateral recumbency or standing position |
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route dependent |
- patient condition and treatment - type of medication/ fluid - urgency involved - cost - ease of administration - systemic vs. local effect desired |
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IV |
- drugs and fluids that rapidly reach high blood levels or would be irritating to tissue - anesthetics, chemo, anticonvulsants, cardiopulmonary resuscitation - cephalic/ L. saphenous in dogs; cephalic, medial saphenous, femoral veins in cats - jugular vein in both LA/SA - occlude vessel, alcohol wipe, injection, firm pressue |
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subcutaneous |
- most common route for vaccine administration - rapid injection of injected substance - not recommended in critically ill or dehydrated patients - dorso-lateral region from neck to hips - fold of skin is tented and needle insertion at base and parallel to long axis of fold - check for blood prior to injection - briefly massage skin post injection to facilitate distribution |
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intramuscular |
- small volumes of medications - lumbrosacral musculature lateral to dorsal spinous process - semimembranous/semitendinosis |
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intradermal |
- desensitize skin with local anesthetic - perform allergy skin testing - clip hair/ cleanse with water soaked gauze sponge - skin fold, 25-27 g needle |
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intranasal |
- muzzle is held with one hand and elevated slightly |
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intratracheal |
- cardiiopulmonary resuscitation - extremely rapid reabsorption - urinary catheter/ feeding tube is inserted into tracheal or thru ET tube - chase with air or saline for drug dispersal |
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intraosseous |
- directly into bone marrow cavity to deliver fluids, drugs, and blood products when IVC not possile - quick into central circulation; rapid delivery in neonates, SA and circulatory collapse - sites: tibia, femur, humerus, iliac wing |
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intraperitoneal |
- directly into abdominal cavity - non caustic fluid, blood products or meds - treat peritonitis and hypovolemia - more rapid reabsorption than SQ but more slowly than IV or IO - shaving and aseptic preparation |
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topical opthalmic |
req'd for medications= treat ocular disease or vaccinations - good restraint is essential= wastage of meds |
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aural |
- precleaning increases contact drug and epithelium and enhanes meds absorption |
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transdermal |
tipical application can have local and sstemic absorption - use gloves when applying - not on patient cage that topical med has been applied and location |
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analgesics |
apply to shaved dry region of skin |
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fentanyl |
location and drug delivery |
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topical anesthetic |
contact with skin several mins prior to procedure |
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Intrarectal |
- lg. intestinal mucosa capable to absorbing medications - effects may be local or systemic |
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oral |
- direct placement into oral cavity is frequent and easily performed - liquids, capsule, or tablet formation |
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orogastric intubation |
- tube passed into mouth and then into stomach |
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