Handbook Of Omt Review Chapter 10

Front 1

Primary respiratory mechanism

Back 1

The theory that the CNS, the cerebrospinal fluid, and dural membranes function as a single unit. Secondary respiration refers to that the PRM controls and regulates the pulmonary respiration.

Front 2

Reciprocal Tension Membrane

Back 2

All inherent motion of the CNS or fluctuation of the CSF theoretically causes these membranes to move. This movement is believed to cause cranial bones to move in response to CNS or CSF movement. Any RTM movement will also cause movement of the sacrum.

Front 3

Sphenobasilar synchrondrosis types of strains

Back 3

1. Flexion and extension
2. Torsion
3. Sidebending/rotation
4. Vertical strain
5. Lateral strain
6. Compression

Front 4

Physiologic movement

Back 4

flexion, extension, torsion, and SB/rotation. Normal CRI is considered 10-14 cycles/minute.

Front 5

Flexion

Back 5

During flexion, all unpaired cranial bones move into flEXion, and all paired cranial bones moved into EXternal rotation. flexion causes the RTM to be pulled cephalad, thus tugging on the sacrum at S2 to incur backward bending of the sacral base. Such backward bending in the cranial field is known as counternutation. Causes wide head, decreased AP diameter.

Front 6

Extension

Back 6

When SBS moves into extension, the paired cranial bones interally rotate. The sacrum dips forward into nutation. Narrow head, increased AP Diameter.

Front 7

Torsion

Back 7

A twisting of the SBS occurs whereby the sphenoid and othe ranterior cranial structures rotate in one direction while the occiput and other posterior cranial structures rotate in the opposite direction. The type of torsion is determined by which greater wing of the sphenoi is more superior.

Front 8

Sidebending/rotation

Back 8

Involves two motions around three axes. Rotation occurs around an anterior-posterior axis that runs through the SBS, while sidebending occurs around 2 axes: 1 passes through the foramen magnum and the other through the sphenoid bone's center.

Front 9

Vertical Strain

Back 9

The sphenoid moves cephalad or caudad with respect to the occiput. This movement occurs about two transverse axes- one through the sphenoid center and one just superior to the occiput.

Front 10

Lateral strain

Back 10

The sphenoid deviates laterally with respect to the occiput. The direction of the sphenoid deviation determines the type of lateral strain.

Front 11

Compression

Back 11

Sphenoid and occiput are compressed together. This usually occurs seconary to trauma to the back of the neck. This prevents physiologic flexion and extension and therefore the CRI is absent.

Front 12

CV4 Bulb Decrompression

Back 12

This technique is utilized to increase the CRI amplitude by decompression any SBS compression that may exist. To perform this technique, the flexive and extensive forces of the occiput are resisted by the practitioner until a 'still point' is reached, after which the area is released to permit restoration of normal flexion and extension with the concomitantly enhanced CRI amplitude.

Front 13

Vault Hold

Back 13

This is used to modulate SBS strains by balancing membranous tensions. To perform this, the patient is place din a supine position. The clinican places his thumbs in a manner that they cross over but do not touch the sagittal suture. The index fingers are placed over the greater wing ot he sphenoid. The middle fingers are placed on the squamous portion of the temporal bone. The ring fingers are placed over the mastoid procee, and the little fingers are positioned over the squamoud portion of the occiput. Then the finger pads are used to induce motion.

Front 14

V spread

Back 14

Used to release a suture that is restricted. It is a technique that requires physically disengaging the suture.

Front 15

Venous sinus release

Back 15

This technique is used to release the venous sinuses and to encourage good venous drainage from the head. It is frequently employed to help relieve the symptoms of headache.

Front 16

Complications of craniosacral techniques

Back 16

headache, tinnitus, dizziness, altered heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.

Front 17

Absolute contraindications to craniosacral treatment

Back 17

skull fracture, intracranial bleed of any type, increased intracranial pressures.