Hanas P-26 To P-32 Genes And Cancer

Front 1

Tertiary structure of Ha-ras has a ______ domain

Back 1

CAAX

Front 2

RAS has a molecular weight of ____ is ______ in shape and contains (4 secondary structures)

Back 2

21K; globular; alpha helices, beta ribbons, loop, and turn regions

Front 3

Most human tumors have ___ mutations

Back 3

ras

Front 4

GTP binding site on the RAS protein located along one face of the protein on a region where oncogenic mutations are observed at which two codons?

Back 4

61 and 12

Front 5

Codons 61 and 12 are ____ regions.

Back 5

turn

Front 6

The GTPase activating protein (GAP) binds RAS at _____

Back 6

the large AA loop extending from GTP binding site

Front 7

In the ____ form RAS binds GTP, in the ______ form RAS binds GDP.

Back 7

active; inactive

Front 8

RAS inhibitors should have _____ activity

Back 8

anti-tumor

Front 9

RAS is located on which surface of the plasma membrane

Back 9

inner

Front 10

RAS responds to signals from the outside by exchanging ____ for _____

Back 10

GTP for GDP

Front 11

The exchange of GTP for GDP si stimulated by ____ protein

Back 11

SOS protein

Front 12

SOS protein is activated by

Back 12

GRB2

Front 13

GRB2 is activated by

Back 13

receptor kinase

Front 14

When RAS is bound by _____ it activates a downstream ______ cascade that activates transcription factors and genes for growth

Back 14

GTP; kinase

Front 15

RAS-GTP activity is turned off by intrinsic ______ activity of RAS in concert with extrinsic GAP

Back 15

GTPase

Front 16

The RAS-GDP structure is inactive in

Back 16

signal transduction and promotion of cell division

Front 17

The signal transduction pathway begins with

Back 17

growth factor binding to a surface receptor

Front 18

RAS mutations in codons 12 and 61 short circuit the signal transduction pathway by

Back 18

introducing structural changes which inhibit GTPase

Front 19

When RAS inhibits GTPase this keeps the protein in which form

Back 19

GTP-bound form

Front 20

RAS protein must be targeted where to function properly in signal transduction

Back 20

inner surface of plasma membrane

Front 21

Human carcinomas contain mutations with

Back 21

RAS protein

Front 22

Drugs to inhibit RAS protein targeting should inhibit

Back 22

growth of tumors with RAS mutations (duh)

Front 23

RAS is targeted to the cell membrane by a fancy enzyme

Back 23

farnesyl transferase

Front 24

Farnesyl transferase adds a farnesyl group to

Back 24

Cysteine on the C terminal CAAX domain of RAS

Front 25

RAS is anchored to the plasma membrane by

Back 25

farnesyl lipid group

Front 26

This amino acid is targeted the farnesyl group

Back 26

cysteine on CAAX domain of RAS

Front 27

The tetrapeptide CAAX inhibits which enzyme in vitro

Back 27

farnesyl transferase

Front 28

What keeps CAAX from inhibiting farnesyl transferase in vivo because

Back 28

it is charged and polar, therefore cannot diffuse through the cell membrane

Front 29

Hydrophobic benzodiazepine molecule mimics

Back 29

the AA dipeptide turn on CAAX motif

Front 30

For a CAAX domain to diffuse into a cell it must have the attachment of (2 things) where it can inhibit RAS

Back 30

an N terminal Cysteine and C-terminal AA

Front 31

Benzodiazepine is a structural relative to

Back 31

Valium (yes, please)

Front 32

BZA-5B contains an N-terminal _____ and a _____ at the C-terminus

Back 32

Cysteine methyl amine; carboxymethyl methionine

Front 33

BZA-5B inhibits ______ but not ______

Back 33

mutant RAS transformed cells; SRC transformed cells

Front 34

RAS mutant transformed cells have

Back 34

Specificity

Front 35

These code for transcription factors that regulate genes whose products are necessary for cell division and growth

Back 35

Nuclear proto-oncogenes

Front 36

Signal transduction from a cell-surface event involves

Back 36

phosphorylation cascades

Front 37

Phosphorylation cascades result in

Back 37

stimulation in transcription factor activity and transcription of growth related genes

Front 38

Production of transcription factors ___ and ____ is required for cell division

Back 38

FOS; JUN

Front 39

FOS and JUN factors form a heterodimer termed

Back 39

AP-1

Front 40

AP-1 functions in

Back 40

transcription and activation of growth related genes

Front 41

In the _____ form RAS binds GTP

Back 41

active

Front 42

In the _____ form RAS binds GDP

Back 42

inactive