Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
195 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Class Amphibia - Phylum chordata
Gymnophiona - Caecilians Caudata - Sirens, Salamanders, Newts Anura - Frogs & Toads |
Dependent on water especially for repro.
Fertilization External; eggs lack shell & male spreads sperm over eggs; most metamorphize from larval to adult; Hatchlings gills & no limbs - lungs & legs develop. Skin must be kept moist. Mainly oviparous, some ovoviviparous, few viviparous |
|
|
Class Amphibia - additional characteristics
|
Ectothermic - Behaviorly regulated
3-chambered heart; no true claws or nails; they have a Jacobson's organ; all have cloaca; all adults are carnivorous; double occipital condyle |
|
|
Class Amphibia - Order Caudata
Sirens, Salamanders, Newts |
At the Zoo - Chinese Giant Salamander
Fact: it is the largest Amphibian Axolotl - Critically endangered - Does not complete full metamorphasis - retains gills & fins |
|
|
Class Amphibian - Order Anura
Toads & Frogs |
At the zoo - Mexican Leaf Frog - has Enlarged toes pads for climbing
Sonoran Toad - exudes poison produced in parathyroid glands |
|
|
Class Reptilia: Advent of the Amniote egg - scales
|
Aves - Reptilia - Mammalia - are classes of amniotes
|
|
|
Amniote Egg
|
Amnion fluid surrounds the embryo in its own private pond, which allows the eggs to be laid away from water. Fertilization is always internal.
|
|
|
Class Reptilia - Characteristics of Reptiles:
|
Amniotes - eggs laid on land; fertilization internal
Oviparous, ovoviviparous (boas & vipers) & vivparous (skinks & boas) forms; scales of keratin; ectothermic; true nails or claws; Jacobson's organ highly developed; all have cloaca; single occipital condyle; infants have a shell breaker tooth |
|
|
Class Reptilia - Order Testudines - Turtles/tortoises
Distinguishing characteristics |
1) carapace
2) Plastron flat underside 3) ribs & spine fused to top of carapace 4) no external ear openilngs no teeth - beak-like mouth to cut or tear off food |
|
|
Turtle/Tortoise differences
|
Turtles - generally have web feet and/or flipper like front limbs and are carnivorous
Tortoises - generally are terresterial and have clawed forelimbs and are herbivorous. |
|
|
Turtles/Tortoises at the zoo
SubOrder: Pluerodira - side necked turtles SubOrder: Cryptodira - pull heads straight back into shell |
at the zoo:
SubOrder Pluerodira - Roti-island Snake-necked turtle - Critically endangered suborder - Cryptodira: Fly-river turtle - has front flippers Aldabra Tortoise - one of the largest tortoises alive |
|
|
Scales -
|
Protect the body
Helps to prevent mosture loss through skin Made of Keratin Reptiles and Birds have scales |
|
|
Order Crocodylia - crocodiles, alligators, caimans, gharial characteristics
|
4-chambered heart
Dermal Sensory organs - detect changes in water pressure teeth constantly replaced swallow stones (gastroliths) to help digest food American alligator - rounded snout; when jaw closed cannot see teeth False gharial - very long pointed snout - interlocking teeth |
|
|
Order Squamata
suborders Amphisbaenia - worm lizards lacertilia - lizards Serpentes - snakes |
Squamata - all males have paired copulatory organs - Hemipenes
All hatchlings have an egg tooth which falls out after hatching |
|
|
Lizards versus Snakes
|
2 pair limbs no limbs
2 lungs 1 lung except Boa Ear opening no ear opening Tongue short & round Long narrow & forked Jaw fixed opening Very flex quadrate jaw Shed skin in pieces shed skin 1 piece diets vary all carnivorous movable lower lid no eye lids |
|
|
Order Squamata SubOrder Lacertilia (lizards)
Family Iguanidae - Iguanas, Horned & fence lizards |
Horned lizards & fence lizards
Tails can be lost & regenerated. 50% of us lizards; New World At Zoo: Mexican Giant Horned Lizard - Diet ants in wild |
|
|
Order Squamata SubOrder Lacertilia (lizards)
Family Gekkonidae - Geckos |
Geckos - world-wide tropics - specialized toe pads allow them to cling to smooth surfaces
At Zoo: Madagascar Giant Day Gecko |
|
|
Order Squamata subOrder Lacertilia (lizards)
Family Scincidae - Skinks |
Skinks - largest family of lizards i diverse habitats
At Zoo: Shingle backed Skink - Gives birth to live young (viviparous) |
|
|
Order Squamata Suborder lacertilia (lizards)
Family Varanidae - Monitor lizards |
Old World - predatory lizards - trait in common with snakes - they have a long forked tongue used with Jacobson's organ to smell out & locate prey. They also have a very large wide mouth gape allowing them to swallow large pieces of food.
At Zoo: Komodo Dragon (monitor) - carnivor Gray's Monitor Lizard - Diet mostly fruit |
|
|
Order Squamata - SubOrder lacertilia (lizards)
Family Helodermatidae - venomous |
The only venomous lizards with neurotoxic venum affecting the nervous system. Venum from grooves in teeth.
At Zoo: Gila monster and the Mexican Beaded Lizard Their tails are very enlarged because they store fat in them for lean times. They are fossorial |
|
|
Order Squamata - SubOrder Serpentes
Non-venomous family - Boidae |
Pythons & Boas - most primitive
Boas - old & new world Pythons - only old world Labial pits that are heat-sensing to find prey; 2 lungs; some have ssssvestigial hind limb remnant At Zoo: Green Tree Python Dumeril's Ground Boas Slow-moving - Ambush hunters - lie in wait |
|
|
Order Squamata - SubOrder Serpentes
Non-venomous family - Colubridae |
Colubridae - 'Typical snakes (60%) - Rear fanged species with many that produce Hemotoxic venom which runs down rear teeth when they bite
Foraging hunters - actively seeking prey At Zoo: San Diego Gopher Snake |
|
|
Order Squamata - SubOrder Serpentes
Venomous family - fangs & toxins |
venom is toxic substance injected thru hollow fangs
can be hemotoxic or neurotoxic affecting blood or nervous system poison is ingested; venom is injected |
|
|
Order Squamata - SubOrder Serpentes
Venomous family - Elapidae |
Elapidae - Cobras and Mambos and Sea Snakes
Produce Neurotoxic venom injected thru 'fixed fangs' Quick moving foraging hunters At Zoo: West African Green Mambo - It is an arboreal snake |
|
|
Order Squamata - SuOrder Serpentes
Venomous family - Viperidae - 2 Sub-Families Viperinae Crotalinae |
Vipers, aders, pit vipers. All have folding fangs
Hemotoxic venom affecting blood systems 'Heat sensing pits' behind each eye. |
|
|
Viperidae (Viper) at zoo
|
Gaboon Viper from Africa - It is an ambush hunter
|
|
|
Crotalinae (Pit Viper) at zoo
|
Bushmaster has no rattle. It is the longest viper in the world and largest venomous snake in Western Hemisphere.
|
|
|
Why are snakes able to swallow large prey whole by flexible & expandable jaws?
|
They have a quadrate bone attaching the skull to lower mandible which provides a large gape connected by flexible ligaments in lower jaw.
|
|
|
What are 4 methods snakes use to catch their prey?
|
1) grasp with jaws & swallow
2) overpower by shear strength 3) via constriction & asphixiation (e.g. Calif King Snake) 4) immobilizing via venom |
|
|
Class Aves - Diagnostic feature
|
Diagnostic feature - Feathers
|
|
|
Class Aves - Characteristics shared with Reptiles
|
1) oviparous - they are amniotes - eggs shelled - internal fertilization
2) scales on feet and legs 3) cloaca 4) single occiptal condyle 5) one middle earbone 6) lower jaw mandible is several bones with movable quadrate bone 7a) shell breaker |
|
|
Class Aves - Characteristics shared with Mammals
|
1) internal fertilization
2) Endothermy 3) 4-chambered heart Traits shared with 'some' mammalsz: cloaca (kiwi) (monotremes lay eggs) Scales (like the pangolin) |
|
|
Feathers evolved from:
|
Reptilian scales - unique to birds (diagnostic characteric). Birds are descended from reptiles
|
|
|
Feathers evolved for:
|
Thermoregulation & are made of Keratin
|
|
|
Additional functions of feathers:
|
Flight - propulsion & steering
Protection - for body & skin Thermoregulation Color for species & sex recognition Cryptic-coloration for camouflage |
|
|
Define carinate
|
Birds that can fly and have a keeled sternum
|
|
|
Define Ratite
|
Flightless birds that lack a keeled sternum
|
|
|
Adaptations for flight:
|
Forelimbs modified to wing covered by feathers
Powerful flight muscles attached to keeled sternum Weight lightened by Bone fusion & reduction no urinary bladder bones are hollow fewer toes (2, 3 or 4...no 5 toes) Reproductive organs atrophy when not in repro cycle |
|
|
Aves - additional characteristics
|
Very large heart relative to body size
very efficient respiratory system nictitating membrane keep eyes protected and clean; brains more complex than reptiles & they have many innate instincts - how to fly, migration routes, etc. |
|
|
What can beaks & feet show?
|
types of food eaten - e.g. small pointy - eats seeds
a Hawks sharp beak good for cutting; flamingos & ducks are good for filtering aquatic plants nector feeders have long narrow beaks; talons on feet can help kill prey; webbed feet help birds swim |
|
|
Order Struthioniformes - Ratites
at the zoo? |
Ostrich - largest living bird & only bird with 2 toes
Double wattled cassowary - casque on top of head used as a battering ram through brush. |
|
|
Order Spenisciformes - Carinate
|
Penguins - has a keeled sternum but does not fly (except through water!)
|
|
|
Order Phoenicopteriformes - Carinate
|
Flamingos - very long legs & distinct plumage; webbed feet - aquatic
At the zoo: Greater Flamingo & Chilean |
|
|
Order Anseriformes - Carinate
|
Ducks, geese swans, screamers
Water fowl - distinctive flat bills & webbed feet At the Zoo: Crested Screamer - terrestrial from So. America (2 spurs on front edge of wings) looks more like a pheasant. |
|
|
Order Falconiformes - Carinate
|
Birds of Prey - Eagles, Hawks, falcons & also vultures
All are carnivorous with sharp beaks. All except vultures have powerful feet with long talons At the zoo: Harpy eagle - rainforest Andean Condor; Steller's Sea Eagle King Vulture |
|
|
Order Galliformes
|
Turkeys, grouse, New world quail, pheasants, peafowl, guinea fowl, curassows. first to be domesticated. 3 feet in front, broad hind toe adapted for scratching ground for food.
At zoo: Congo Peafowl & Blue PeaFowl |
|
|
Order Psittaciformes - Parrots, McCaws, Cockatoos characterized by:
|
Colorfule plumage, strong hooked beak to allow breaking of nuts; Feet are zygodactyl for grasping & climbing
At the zoo: Military McCaw & Scarlet McCaw |
|
|
Order Strigiformes - Owls
Characterized by |
most are nocturnal birds of prey. Extraordinary night vision
At the zoo: Eurasian Eagle owl & Barn owl |
|
|
Order Coraciiformes - Hornbill
characterized by |
Kingfishers and hornbills -
Cavity nesters At the zoo: Red-knobbed Horn bill - Australia - cavity nester |
|
|
Order Passeriformes - characterized by
|
Perching birds - 3 toes forward and 1 back. They are the singing birds
At the zoo: Superb Starling Black Headed Weaver Crested Oropendola - So Amer - across from Toucan |
|
|
Class Mammalia - at least 3 diagnostic characteristics
|
1-all have hair - primarily for insulation
and for species recognition 2-all have mammary glands 3-muscular diaphram 4-3 middle ear bones 5-single dentary - lower jaw fused into single bone |
|
|
Class Mammalia - non-diagnostic characteristics
|
1-endothermy
2-4-chambered heart 3-Herterodont teeth - different in function & structure- incisors, canines, molars 4-viviparous except monotremes 5-all double occipital condyle 6-Enlarged brain of more complex cerebral cortex |
|
|
Define Primitive
|
Closest to original ancesters
|
|
|
Define Advanced
|
More evolved & changed from ancesters
|
|
|
Describe a primitive animal
|
Generally - 1) small in size
2) short limbed with 5 clawed digits 3) Plantigrade 4) Long tooth row with cusped molars 5) small un-convoluted brain |
|
|
Define 'Specialized'
|
Adaptation for specific functions - e.g. anteater eats insects only
|
|
|
Define 'Generalized'
|
Adapted to broader environment & capable of further modifications
|
|
|
Order Mammalia SubClass - Prototheria
|
A single order: Monotremata
Echidna & Platypus At Zoo: Short-Nose Echidna (Spiney anteater) Single egg laid & incubated by mother in temporary, rudimentary pouch on abdomen. Eats ants, termites, worms. |
|
|
Order Monotremata - unique, mammalian & reptilian characteristics
|
Unique - only egg-laying mammals.
Mammalian - Hair; Mammary glands; Heterothermic Reptilian - Lay eggs; egg-tooth & egg-caruncle present in hatchlings; Cloaca |
|
|
Class Mammals - Infraclass - Metatheria
|
Marsupials - Only found in Australia & Americas
|
|
|
Marsupials - diagnostic characteristic
|
Gives birth to embryonic young that develop outside of mother in pouch
|
|
|
Marsupials - Other characteristics
|
Most female marsupials have some type of pouch or fold of skin on abdomen in which teats are located. typical pouches open forward, but some open to the rear.
Forward pouch - Kangaroos; bottom or rear pouches - koalas Marsupials have placental counterparts - example of convergent evolution. Are dominant native mammals in Australia - have undergone adaptive radiation occupy all types of ecological niches. |
|
|
Marsupials at the zoo
|
Koala - has rear facing pouch - Digestive system is adapted specifically to deal with exclusive diet of eucalyptus leaves
Tammar wallaby & yellow-footed Rock Wallaby; Common or Virginia oppossum |
|
|
Class Mammalia - Infraclass - Eutheria
|
Placentals
Predominent mammal today. Develop in maternal body by placental connection for nourishment |
|
|
Order Eulipotyphl
At the zoo |
True Shrews - Moles Hedgehogs - most primative placental mammals (small size, long tooth row)
At zoo: African Hedgehog |
|
|
Order afrosoricida
None on exhibit |
Golden mole; otter shrews (Madagascar)
example of convergent evolution none on exhibit |
|
|
Order Macroscelidea
at zoo |
Elephant shrews of Africa - have long probosis
at zoo: short earred elephant shrew |
|
|
Order scandentia - none on exhibit
|
Tree shrews of SE Asia (climbing) non on exhibit
|
|
|
Order Dermoptera
|
Coluga of SE Asia
Large patageum - largest gliding mammal |
|
|
Ordxer chiroptera - bats characteristics
|
Bats the only mammals that can fly
2nd largest order of mammals Arms modified to wings with patageum |
|
|
Why bats successful
|
Ability to fly
nocturnality - fee at night not in competition day feeders Most use echolocation to navigate & find prey |
|
|
Why bats beneficial
|
Natural insecticide
Major pollinaters of plants See dispersers |
|
|
Bat suborder Megachiroptera characteristics
|
Old world tropics only
Larger & no visible tail claw on 2nd digit of forelimbs Generally do not use echo location ex 1 genus use vision & sense of smell feed on fruit , nector and pollen |
|
|
Bat suborder Microchiroptera characteristics
|
World-wide. Generally smaller than Megas. All use echolocation; most are insectivorous; Heterothermic & induce torpor (sleep-like state which cause great drop in temperature, heartrate, respiration & metabolic state slows. Some daily. When seasonal in winter is called Hibernation
When Daily torpor called Estivation |
|
|
Infraclass Eutheria
|
All the rest of the mammalian orders - the placentals
|
|
|
Order Pilosa - at the zoo
|
Sloths & anteaters
at zoo: Linne's two-toed sloth eats mainly leaves |
|
|
Order Singulata at zoo
|
Armadillos - new world order. shell-like covering called carapace. Insectivorous & heterothermic
at zoo: Southern 3-banded armadillo - can roll into grapefruit-sized ball (animals & you part of zoo) |
|
|
Order Pholidota - mammals with scales
|
Pangolin of Africa & SE Asia - has scales - specialized insect diet. exampleof convergent evolution with armadillos
|
|
|
Order Tubulidetata -
|
Aardvarks of Africa - they are fossorial & insectivorous
|
|
|
Order Lagomorpha - Rabbits, Hares & pikas
|
Lagomorpha - Common prey animals; specialized saltatorial (hopping) locomotion. Widely distributed & introduced to new areas.
|
|
|
Rabbit characteristics
|
Rabbits have evergrowing 2 upper and 2 lower incisors. Uppers have 2 peg-like teeth behind incisors which are not functional. Enamel on all surfaces. Large space between molars & incisors call diastema
Live in burrows called warrens Young are altricial - helpless, hairless, blind |
|
|
Hare characteristics
|
Live in the open
give birth in shallow depression in ground called 'form' Give birth to precocial young. |
|
|
Order Rodentia (largest mammalian order) - successful due to?
|
simple body plan
extremely adaptable; high reproductive rates many times per year opportunistic diet beaver, porcipines, rats, mice - worldwide. prey |
|
|
order Rodentia characteristics
|
Ever growing incisors 2+2. no peg teeth. Enamel only on outer front surface of teeth. Help keep teeth sharpened & from growing too long. Wide diastema between incisors & molars
at zoo: black-tailed prairie dog - excellent sight & hearing. eyes set high on head for looking out of burrows Braziean Agouti - very powerful strong jaw to open nuts like Brazil nut. Panay Bushy-tailed Cloud Rat - Habitat - Phillipines. Has very long hind legs used for jumping in tall tree canopy. Harris Antelope Squirrel - Dexterous Claws to handle food. |
|
|
Order Primates - Trends
|
Hands - grasping & precision; nails not claws
all have grasping feet except humans Brains - increasingly large & more convolutions of cerebral cortex - skulls domed Face - forward facing eyes. Vision more important than smell. faces more flattened - Platyrhine or catarhine condition; shorter tooth row; no moist rhinarium nor vibrissae in more advanced primates. skeleton - unspecialized - Flexible with trend toward upright stance. social behavior - more complex social relationships & group inter-actions & complex communications. |
|
|
Order Primates - 2 subOrders
|
stepsirrhini - the prosimians Lemuridae (lemurs), Indridae (Sifakas), Lorisidae (Lorises)
Haplorrhini - nine Families |
|
|
Order Primates - Suborder Stepsirrhini
|
Old World Africa Madagascar know 2!
Functionally opposable thumbs (hinge joint) Long muzzle w/moist rhinarium Prominent facial vibrissae sense of smell highly developed all have 'tooth-comb' used to groom fur Primitive Characteristics - grooming claw on 2nd toe of foot smaller brain caes - not domed Breeding season - most 1 x yr, some only 2 days/yr |
|
|
Prosimians at zoo
|
Ring-tailed Lemur
Schlater's Blue Eyed Lemur Coquerel's Sifaka |
|
|
Order primates Suborder Haplorrhini
New World Monkeys - 5 families all Central & South America - nose |
Platyrrhine condition - septum - nostrils point toward ears.
All arboreal More advanced primates |
|
|
Family callitrichidae - Marmoset & tamarin monkeys characteristics
at zoo |
non-prehensile tail - used for balance
non opposable thum - just a grasping hand with parallel digits claw-like nails for climbing in trees 32 teeth; omnivorous multiple births - twins normal soc struct from pair to cooperative polyandry where dominent female breeds with all males in group. all males care for young. Emperor tamarin; Cotton-top Tamarin; Golden Lion Tamarin |
|
|
Famile Cebidae capuchin & squirrel monkey characteristics
at zoo |
high intelligence
semi-prehencile tail (furred) dextrous hands with functionally opposable thumbs able to use tools to acquire food, eg rocks to break open nuts at zoo: Crested Capuchin; Common Squirrel monkey |
|
|
Family Pitheciidae - at zoo & 1 fact
|
Uakaris, cakis, titi monkeys
display sexual dichromatism at zoo Pale-headed Saki |
|
|
Family Atelidae - at zoo & 1 fact
|
Howler & spider - the only truly prehensile tailes. no fur on inside of tail. Spider monkey most destrous tail of monkeys - vestigial thumb
at zoo: Black Howler - sexually dimorphic & sexual dichromatic also Black-handed spider monkey |
|
|
Old World Primates
|
Family Cercopithecidae
SubFamily Cercopithcinae - all cheek pouches Africa/Asia with simple stomachs SubFamily Colobinae - sacculated stomachs - leaf eaters family Hylobatidae - Lesser Apes Family Hominidae - Humans & Great Apes |
|
|
Cercopithecines at zoo
|
Mandrill - largest old world monkey. Displays sexual dichromatism
|
|
|
Colobinaes at zoo
|
Kikuyu Colobus Monkey (Africa) - black & white coat; vestigial thumb
Francois's Langer |
|
|
New World monkeys verus Old World
|
New Old
Platyrhine Cattarhine Functionally oppos Truly oppossable ex - callitricids prehensile tail some never prehensile tails no isschial callosites all isschial callosites all arboreal some arboreal some terrestrial 36-teeth ex callitricids 32-teeth |
|
|
Two familis of apes - Hylobatidae & Hominidae
None have tails Characteristics |
Truly opposable thumb;
upright body posture; chest barrel shaped; arms very long & prominent in locomotion; Greater rotation of shoulders |
|
|
Family Hylobatidae
|
Buff-cheeked Bibbon & Siamang - lesser apes of Asia
|
|
|
Family Hylobatidae
|
Pair bonded
use vocalization to reinforce & advertise territory some sexual dichromatism Have Isschial callosities which form after birth locomotion - brachiation |
|
|
Family Hominidae -
|
Humans and the great apes - Africa, Asia
Use tools to procure foods have a call culture build sleeping nests each night infants remain with mom's a long period At zoo: Western Lowland gorillas Chimpanzee Bornean Orangatan |
|
|
Compare Great appes
|
Gorilla Chimps Orangatans
Locomotion: Knuckle walk Knuckle & bipedal fist walk Diet: Herbivorous Omnivorous frugivorous 50% fruit Size Largest smallest sex. dimorphic |
|
|
Gorilla social organization
|
small groups led by dominent male called Silver-back. Quiet & show little interaction with others. Males leave natal group & join batchelors or live solitary. Females join other groups & leave natal group
|
|
|
Chimpanzee social organization
|
Very complex. Large fluid movement between groups. very vocal & use facial expressions. Males say in natal group. females migrate to other groups.
|
|
|
Orangutan social organization
|
solitary. Mother & young use calls to locate mates & establish territories. Most arboreal of great apes
|
|
|
Sonoran desert toad
|
Taxonomic class: Amphibia
role in ecosys: Predator facts: Largest toad Parathyroid glands product a poison potent enough to kill a dog eats insects, mice & other toads. |
|
|
American Alligator
|
Taxonomic class: Reptilia
Role in ecosys: predator facts: largest reptile in No America Nostril can be closed when submerged ears, eyes, nostrils top of head eanabling it to see, hear & breathe when almost completely under water. Dermal sensory organ - detect changes in water pressure (prey entering water) |
|
|
California condor
|
Taxonomic class: Aves
Role in ecosys: Scavengers facts: Critically endangered along with Andean condor is largest soaring bird in No America the LA zoo has a captive breeding program to try to save this species Eats carrion Largest wingspan up to 9-1/2 ft |
|
|
Black-tailed Prairie Dog
|
Taxonomic class: Mammalia
role in ecosys: prey species facts: live in interconnecting burrows called coteries well developed senses of sight & hearing Have ever growing incisors helps them eat tough husks, pods, & shells... |
|
|
Family Callitrichidae -
SubClass Haplorrhini |
Family Callitrichidae - Marmoset & Tamarin monkeys - New World
Emperor tamarin off-exhibit cotton-top tamarin " golden lion tamarin " Geoffroy's marmoset off-exhibit |
|
|
Family Cebidae
subclass Haplorrhini |
Family Cebidae - Cappuchin & squirrel monkeys
common squirrel monkey SoAmerica Lives in groups 20-50. Allomothering by females with no offspring. |
|
|
Family Pitheciidae
SubClass Haplorrhini |
Family Pitheciidae - Uakaris, Sakis, & Titi monkeys
Pale-headed saki So America Marked sexual dichromatishm red uakari off-exhibit |
|
|
Family Atelidae
SubClass Haplorrhini |
Family Atelidae - Howler, Spider, Woolly monkeys, & Muriqui
black howler SoAmerica Sexually dimorphic and dichromatic. Prehensile tail. Semi-Bracchiator black-handed spider monkey SoAmerica Prehensile tail, vestigial thumb. Semi bracchiator |
|
|
Family Cercopithecidae - Old World Monkeys
SubFamily Cercopithecinae |
Family Cercopithecidae - Old World Monkeys
Sub-Family - Cercopithecinae - guenons, baboons, mangabeys, macaques (cheek pouches) mandrill Africa Largest monkey. Largest canines of mammals relative to skull size. red-crowned mangabey off-exhibit |
|
|
Family Cercopithecidae - Old World Monkeys
SubFamily Colobinae |
Sub-Family - Colobinae - colobus, langurs, leaf monkeys (sacculated stomach)
Kikuyu colobus Africa Sacculated stomach - Eats leaves and plants Francois's langur Africa Allomothering by juvenile females common. Semi-bracchiators with feet assistance. |
|
|
Family Hylobatidae
|
Family Hylobatidae - gibbons (lesser apes) Old World
Buff-cheeked gibbon - Noted for arboreal bracchiation; sexual dichromatic Siamang - Noted for arboreal brachiation; large larygeal throat sack for loud sounds. monogamous. |
|
|
Family Hominidae
|
Family Hominidae - chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, humans (Great apes)
chimpanzee exhibited in Chimpanzees of Mahale Mountains Complex social system. very vocal. live in large multi-male, multi-females troops Omnivorous Bornean orangutan exhibited in Red Ape Rain Forest Solitary. Marked sexual dimorphic western lowland gorilla exhibited in Campo Gorilla Reserve Largest Great ape. Small troops led by dominent Silverback Male |
|
|
Order macrosclidae
|
Elephant shrew - Africa
|
|
|
Colugos
|
often called flying lemurs - neither fly, nor are they lemurs.
|
|
|
Mega bats
|
Only in Old World tropics
simple outer ears diet - fruit, nectar, pollen only claw usuall present on 2nd digit of forelimbs called 'flying foxes Patagium |
|
|
Micro bats
|
fleshy facial adornments
wide variety in diet worldwide distribution all echolocate patagium complex outer ears |
|
|
Main purposes of modern zoos are:
|
Conservation
Scientific pursuit Education Recreation |
|
|
Development of similarities in animals that are not closely related in response to similar environmental demands. e.g. bats and birds fly
|
Convergent Evolution
|
|
|
Process that produces similarities in animals which are closely related e.g. desert climate adaptation of No Amer Kit fox & African fennec fox
|
Parallel Evolution
|
|
|
Subphylum vertebrata characterized by presenceof backbone. classes of fish are members of this...name 4 other classes
|
Amphibia
Reptilia Aves Mammalia |
|
|
Individuals of a recognizable type are considered members of the same ____________ Different species that are somewhat similar grouped within same _____ Similar genera are placed within a __________
|
Species
Genus Family |
|
|
When amphibians first appeared on land the plants in environment were club mosses, horsetaiols & ferns
|
True
|
|
|
Anthropods are believed to be some of the first completely terrestrial animals
|
True
|
|
|
Arthropods evolved before see-ferns and gymnosperms appeared
|
True
|
|
|
The exoskeleton of arthropods is made of
|
Chitin
|
|
|
Spiders have a pair of antennae
|
false - no antennae but have pedipalp - small appendages near mouth as sensors.
|
|
|
Members of class arachnida have -
|
two segmented body with 8 legs
|
|
|
Members of class insecta have
|
3 segmented body with 6 legls & 2 attenae
|
|
|
Give common name of an arthropod on exhibit at zoo
|
Sonoran Tarantula
|
|
|
Which characteristics do ALL birds and ALL reptiles share?
|
Scales
cloaca internal fertilization single occipital condyle amniote egg |
|
|
Eagles, owls, hawks falcons - one is out of place - why
|
One is nocturnal (owl) the others are diurnal
also owl belongs to strigiformes others to Falconiformes |
|
|
Falliformes pelicaniformes struthioniformes Anseriformes - which one out of place - why?
|
Flightless - struthioniformes - ratite
others are flighted carinates |
|
|
Ibises belong to Order ____________. They have _____ long, spreading toes adapted for _____ or walking on _________
|
Ciconiformes
4 wading soft ground |
|
|
Ducks, geese swan are waterfowl & belong to Order __________. 3 forward facing toes of most are _____ ______ to aid in swimming. They have a __________ ______ at bae of tail used when preening
|
Anseriformes. Fulling webbed feet. uropygial gland to help waterproof plumage.
|
|
|
Does male or female cassowary incubate eggs?
|
Male
|
|
|
Gallinaceous group such as chickens turkeys, quail, pheasant & peafowl belong to order ______________
|
Galliformes
|
|
|
Macaw
hornbill Lady amberst's pheasant(female) Ostrich |
zygodactyl 2 fwd, 2 back
Syndactyl D2 & D3 partially fused Cryptic coloration (concealment) cursorial (running adaptation) |
|
|
Red-legged seriema is member of Order _______ it is predator that catches prey with ________. It prefer to avoid danger not by flying but by ______________
|
Order Gruiformes
its hooked bill lying down & hiding e.g. behind a log until danger passes. |
|
|
Greater flamingo eats:
|
wide range of small-shrimp & other crustaceans, worms, insect larvae, small mollushk & aquatic plants.
|
|
|
Most birds of prey exhibit sexual dimorphism with the ________ larger
|
The females are larger than the males.M
|
|
|
Match following:
Yellow-billed magpie greater flamingo black-necked swan chestnut-mandibled toucan Andean condor harpy eagle blue peafowl king vulture |
Magpie - endemic to Califor
Greater flamingo - colonial nester swan - anseriformes Toucan - Cavity nester Andean condor carrion-eater Harpy eagle bird of prey bright orange neck, beak & wattles |
|
|
Prosimian Coquerel's Sifaka trait
|
move on two feet, employing a sideways hop when on the ground.
|
|
|
Prosimian Sclater's blue-eyed lemur trait
|
exhibit sexual dichromatism
|
|
|
Prosimian Ring-tailed lemur trait
|
males defind territory with 'scent bombs'
|
|
|
Callitrichids - Marmosets & tamarins traits
|
smallest New World monkeys; twins normal; communal breeding system called cooperative polyandry
|
|
|
Capuchin monkeys are most ___________ monkeys in new world - they can use fingers _____________ Resourceful with frequent ___________ ____ _______ reported
|
dextrous
independently handling of tools |
|
|
Name New World monkey exhibited that has a semi-prehensile tail?
|
Crested Capuchin
|
|
|
Name New World Monkey from Cebidae that does NOT HAVE A PREHENSILE tAIL
|
Common Squirrel Monkey
|
|
|
Cheek Pouches monkey sub-family
|
Cercopithecinae
|
|
|
Sacculated stomach monkey sub-family
|
Columbinae
|
|
|
Largest monkey in world is male __________
species show high degree of _______ ___________ |
Mandrill
sexual dimorphism |
|
|
Legs of colobid monkeys generally longer than arms relating to their style of locomotion - ______and ______
|
Jumping and leaping
|
|
|
basic unit of cercopithecine social org is matriline in which ________ stay with their mothers as long as they live while ____________ usually leave natal group at adolescence
|
Females stay with mothers
Males leave natal group |
|
|
Two members of Family Hylobatidae at la zoo are
|
Buff-cheeked gibbon
Siamang |
|
|
Gorillas on ground move
|
quadrupedally and called
knucle-walking |
|
|
All great apes are sexually
|
dimorphic
|
|
|
Orangutan reproductive rate is very ______ giving birth every ______years
|
slow
8 or 9 years |
|
|
Chimpanzee traits
|
sometimes actively hunt mammalian prey
lives in highly-complicated social units Upon maturity males stay with mothers while females leave the troop. |
|
|
Gorilla trait
|
not territorial
lives in small groups led by dominant male |
|
|
Orangutan trait
|
primarily arboreal
considered solitary |
|
|
Members of orders pilosa & cingulata distinguished from all other mammals by having additional articulations between lumbar vertebrae called _________. these bony elements provide lumbar reinforcement for ______ important for ______ & _______ who are strictly ________ _______
|
Xenarthrules boney elements
digging armadillos and anteaters New World |
|
|
LA zoo exhibits one member of order Cingulata - so 3-banded armadillo. characteristics that apply to this species
|
small brain
gives birth to single young flexible carapace proficient digger heterothermic |
|
|
Armadillos size ranges from
|
smallest to over 100 lbs
|
|
|
Anteaters, aardvarks and pangolins are members of different orders, native to very different parts of the world yet posses similar adaptations for diet of ants & termites. This is example of
|
Convergent evolution
|
|
|
Only animal found in order Pholidota & found in tropical and subtropical parts of asia and Africa
|
Pangolins
|
|
|
Aardvark mean _____ _____ in Africaans
|
Earth Pig
|
|
|
Rabbits and hares in order
|
Lagomorpha
|
|
|
Different between lagomorphs & rodents
|
ever growing upper incisors. Rodent have 2 upper incisors with enamel on front face
lagomorphs have 4 upper incisors with enamel on both sides. |
|
|
Give full common name of ONE rodent on exhibit at la zoo
|
Black-tailed Prairie dog
|
|
|
Tetrapods (4-limbed animals) evolved from ________ & were only vertebrates to leave water and gave rise to ________________
|
lobbed finned fish
gave rise to amphibians |
|
|
Many members of class amphibia go thru a _______ stage early in life during which time they obtain oxygen by means of _____. They then ______ from larval stage to adult form
|
larval
gills metamorphose |
|
|
3 orders make up class amphibia - provide names for 2 orders of amphibian exhibited & full common name of one species in each order
|
Caudata - salamanders Chinese Giant Salamander
Anura - frogs & toads - Couch's Spadefoot Toad |
|
|
Anura has more than 5000 species & is largest order in class amphbia
|
True
|
|
|
Amphibians have aquatic & aerial sense of smell & hearing
|
true
|
|
|
Reptiles 4 orders..we exhibit 3. provide general types & full common name of one species in each order
|
Testudines - turtles - Aldabra Tortoise
squamata - lizards & snakes - San Diego Gopher snake Crocodylia - Alligators gharial - American alligator |
|
|
LA Zoo exhibits species from 2 sub-orders of turles - Pleurodira __________________j Cryptodira ________
|
Pleurodira - Roti-island snake-necked turtle
Cryptodira - Fly-River Turtle papillae in throat function like gills to extract oxygen from water. |
|
|
Desert tortoise is Cal state reptile - taxonomically
|
Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum chordata class reptilia order testudines Family testudinidae Genuw Gopherus agassizii |
|
|
50% of us lizards &L most exhibited belong to family Iguanids. we exhibit
|
Mexican giant horned lizard
|
|
|
Members of family Gekkonidae (geckos) are mainly diurnal/nocturnal lack moveable ________ Some have toepads with tiny __________ _____ called setae Give common name of geco on exhibit _______
|
Nocturnal.
lack moveable eyelids specialized bristles called Setae Madagascar Giant Day Gecko |
|
|
Family Helodermatidae - Mexican beaded lizard and Gila monster only lizards considered to be
|
venomous
|
|
|
Largest species of monitor lizard )Family Varanidae
|
Komodo monitor which is carnivorous and found on a few islands in Indonesia
|
|
|
Lizard traits
|
have 2 pairs of limbs
many can regenerate a broken tail males have hemipenes single occipital condyle |
|
|
snake traits
|
all are totally carnivorous
males have hemipenes single occipital condyle lower jaw extremely flexible with elastic ligament at front of jaw |
|
|
what two traits considered 'primitive' in boas and pythons
|
vestigial pelvic girdles & hind limbs
non-venomous Green Tree Python - ambush hunter Dumeril's Ground Boas |
|
|
All members of subfamily colubrinae are non-venomous true or false
|
False - Boomslang is venomous
|
|
|
Reptilian venom is
modified saliva/a toxis substance/both & is ingested/injected into prey for purpose of ________ is aid in _______ & may be used as ____ |
both
immobilization digestion defense |
|
|
Family Elapidae fangs (cobras & mambas)
|
have fangs permanently erect & attached at front of upper jaw.
|
|
|
Largest of vipers subfamily viperinae is ___________
|
Gaboon viper
|
|
|
pit viper without rattle
|
Bushmaster
|
|
|
pit viper with rattle
|
Southern Pacific rattlesnake
|
|
|
dark freckles around mouth of American alligator are bundles of nerve ending detect movement on water known as
|
Dermal Pressure Receptors
|
