Hae Thorax 1

Front 1

which ribs articulate directly with the sternum via their costal cartilage?

Back 1

1-7

Front 2

which ribs articulate though another rib's costal cartilage?

Back 2

8-10

Front 3

which ribs don't articulate with the sternum?

Back 3

11-12

Front 4

the head of a rib articulates with which two vertebrae?

Back 4

the ones above and below it (ie 5th rib with 4th and 5th vertebrae)

Front 5

the tubercle of a rib articulates with which vertebrae?

Back 5

the one on its level - ie 5th rib with 5th vertebrae

Front 6

what is chyle?

Back 6

lymph fluid involved in fat digestion from the intestines - often has a "milky" appearance

Front 7

do lymph vessels have valves?

Back 7

yes

Front 8

where does most of the lymphatic fluid drain to?

Back 8

the thoracic duct

Front 9

where does the thoracic duct drain to?

Back 9

venous circulation at the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins

Front 10

what parts of the body drain separately from the left side (lymph)?

Back 10

the right upper extremity, the right side of the head, and the right side of the thorax

Front 11

what do lymph nodes do?

Back 11

they filter the lymph and act as sites of immunologic activity

Front 12

what is it called when lymph nodes become enlarged?

Back 12

lymphadenopathy

Front 13

what layer of fascia is the breast in?

Back 13

the superficial fascia

Front 14

where does most breast lymph drain?

Back 14

the axillary nodes

Front 15

how many lactiferous ducts per breast lobe?

Back 15

one

Front 16

where is the retromammary space and what does it do?

Back 16

it's deep to the breast tissue but superficial to the deep fascia; it allows some movement of the breast over the thoracic wall.

Front 17

what is the upper outer quadrant of the breast called?

Back 17

the axillary tail (of spence)

Front 18

where does breast blood supply come from?

Back 18

the internal thoracic artery, branches of the axillary artery, and the intercostal arteries

Front 19

what joint is at the medial end of the clavicle?

Back 19

the sternoclavicular joint

Front 20

what joint is at the lateral end of the clavicle?

Back 20

the acromioclavicular joint

Front 21

what is the sternal angle an important marker of?

Back 21

it's at the same level as the articulation of the second costal cartilage with the sternum

Front 22

what makes up the thoracic cage?

Back 22

12 ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and the sternum

Front 23

what's in each intercostal space?

Back 23

three layers of intercostal muscle, and intercostal arteries, nerves, and veins

Front 24

where do accessory nipples occur?

Back 24

along the milk lines

Front 25

what are beast alveoli?

Back 25

glandular tissue at the ends of the ducts; only active during lactation

Front 26

how do ribs move when we breathe?

Back 26

coronally like a bucket handle, sagittally like a pump handle

Front 27

where do the main vessels lie within the intercostal space?

Back 27

at the superior margin of the space, partially protected by the rib

Front 28

what's in the thoracic cage?

Back 28

the heart, lungs, and some of the abdominal contents under the diaphragm

Front 29

where does the apex of the lung extend to?

Back 29

a few centimeters superior to the clavicle - it can be injured by a stab wound there

Front 30

what lines the outer surface of the thoracic cavity?

Back 30

the visceral pleura

Front 31

what lines the internal surface of the thoracic cavity?

Back 31

the parietal pleura

Front 32

where is the pleural space?

Back 32

between the visceral and parietal pleura

Front 33

what does the pleural space normally contain?

Back 33

a small amount of serous fluid

Front 34

how does the sternum move when you breathe in?

Back 34

up and out

Front 35

what's a pleural reflection?

Back 35

where the pleura reflects on to the diaphragm or mediastinum

Front 36

what's a pleura recess?

Back 36

where the two layers of pleura are in contact with each other.

Front 37

what's a tension pneumothorax?

Back 37

where there's air under tension in the pleural cavity and the lung can't inflate

Front 38

what defines the individual lung segments?

Back 38

an area supplied by a tertiary bronchus

Front 39

what's a primary/main bronchus?

Back 39

the bronchus to each lung

Front 40

what's another name for a secondary bronchus?

Back 40

lobar

Front 41

what's another name for a tertiary bronchus?

Back 41

segmental

Front 42

how many lobes are in the right lung?

Back 42

three

Front 43

how many lobes are in the left lung?

Back 43

two

Front 44

what do bronchial arteries carry?

Back 44

oxygenated blood from the aorta to nourish the bronchi

Front 45

do the pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood?

Back 45

no

Front 46

where does lymphatic drainage of the lung go?

Back 46

through the hilum

Front 47

what happens during inspiration?

Back 47

the diaphragm contracts and it moves inferiorly, the intercostal muslces contract and elevate the ribs up and out

Front 48

does deep inspiration use different muscles than regular inspiration?

Back 48

yes, it requires accessory muscles

Front 49

what happens during expiration?

Back 49

it's passive; all of the muscles return to their resting state

Front 50

what is forced exhalation?

Back 50

coughing; it requires abdominal wall muscles

Front 51

where is the transverse thoracic plane?

Back 51

it passes through the sternal angle and the intervertebral disc between T4 and T5 vertebrae

Front 52

what does the transverse thoracic plane demarcate?

Back 52

the beginnning and end of the aortic arch, the boundary between the middle and superior mediastinum, and the bifurcation of the trachea at the carina

Front 53

where do the intercostal nerves travel?

Back 53

between the innermost and internal intercostal muscles

Front 54

where do the intercostal vessels travel?

Back 54

between the innermost and internal intercostal muscles