Hae Pelvis 2

Front 1

what two triangles make up the perineum?

Back 1

the anal triangle and urogenial triangle

Front 2

what is the endopelvic fascia?

Back 2

a continuation of the transversalis fascia into the pelvic region

Front 3

what muscles are part of the pelvic wall group?

Back 3

the piriformis and obturator internus

Front 4

where is the origin of the piriformis?

Back 4

between the anterior foramina of the sacrum

Front 5

what structure does the piriformis leave the pelvis through?

Back 5

the greater sciatic formen

Front 6

where is the insertion of the piriformis?

Back 6

the greater trochanter of the femur

Front 7

what muscle cushions the posterolateral bony sidewall of the pelvis?

Back 7

the piriformis

Front 8

what muscle cushions the anterolateral bony sidewall of the pelvis?

Back 8

the obturator internus

Front 9

what is the origin of the obturator internus?

Back 9

along the obturator foramen and on the obturator membrane

Front 10

what muscle originates in the pelvis and forms the lateral wall of the ischioanal fossa?

Back 10

the obturator internus

Front 11

where does the obturator internus insert?

Back 11

the greater trochanter of the femur

Front 12

what muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?

Back 12

the levator ani and coccygeus

Front 13

what muscles form the levator ani?

Back 13

the puococygeus and iliococcygeus

Front 14

what fills the urogenital hiatus?

Back 14

the perineal membrane

Front 15

what passes through the perineal membrane?

Back 15

the urethra and vagina

Front 16

where does the rectum pass through the pelvic diaphragm relative to the perineal membrane?

Back 16

posterior to the membrane

Front 17

what do the most medial fibers of the pubococygeus form, anterior to posterior?

Back 17

part of th urethral sphincter complex, a sling around the posterior part of the vagina, attach to the perineal body, and the puborectalis

Front 18

what is the anococcygeal raphae and what attaches there?

Back 18

a fibrous band extending from anus to the coccyx, and the pubococcygeus attaches there

Front 19

where is the tendinous arch in the pelvis?

Back 19

extends between the obturator canal and the ischial spine

Front 20

what muscle originates from the tendinous arch?

Back 20

the iliococcygeus

Front 21

what ligament is the coccygeus coextensive with?

Back 21

the pelvic aspect of the sacrospinous ligament

Front 22

what are the origin and insertion of the coccygeus?

Back 22

originates from the ischial spine and inserts on the coccyx

Front 23

what muscle acts as a lateral compressor of the urethra, vagina, and rectum?

Back 23

the pubococcygeus

Front 24

what muscle helps create the anorectal angle?

Back 24

the puborectalis

Front 25

about how many degrees is the anorectal angle?

Back 25

80

Front 26

what happens when the pelvic diaphragm contracts?

Back 26

intra-abdominal pressure goes up

Front 27

what actions cause the puborectalis to relax?

Back 27

urination and defacation

Front 28

how many branches of the aorta go to the pelvis in the male and female?

Back 28

3 in the male, 4 in the female

Front 29

what are the aortic branches to the pelvis in the male?

Back 29

the internal iliac arteries (main supply), the superior rectal artery (from the ima), and the medial sacral artery

Front 30

what are the aortic branches to the pelvis in the female?

Back 30

the internal iliac arteries, the superior rectal artery, the median sacral artery, and the ovarian arteries

Front 31

what is the axis of rotation of the pelvis?

Back 31

s1

Front 32

what areas does the greater sciatic foramen connect?

Back 32

the pelvis and buttock

Front 33

what areas does the lesser sciatic foramen connect?

Back 33

the buttock and perineum

Front 34

what areas does the obturator canal connect?

Back 34

the pelvis and thigh

Front 35

what arteries arise from the posterior division of the internal iliac?

Back 35

the iliolumbar, the lateral sacral, and the superior gluteal

Front 36

are the arteries arising from the posterior division of the internal iliac visceral or parietal?

Back 36

parietal

Front 37

what are the parietal branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac?

Back 37

the inferior gluteal artery, the obturator artery, and the internal pudendal artery

Front 38

what does the internal pudendal artery supply?

Back 38

the perineum

Front 39

how many branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac are there in total?

Back 39

6

Front 40

what are the visceral branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?

Back 40

the umbilical artery (obliterated), superior vesical artery, inferior vesical artery (only men), middle rectal artery, uterine and vaginal artery (female only)

Front 41

what are the five anastamoses between the aorta and internal iliac?

Back 41

median sacral to lateral sacral
superior rectal to middle rectal
ovarian to uterine
testicular to artery of vas deferens
lumbar to iliolumbar

Front 42

what two foramen does the pudendal artery travel through?

Back 42

both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Front 43

what are the three arteries that enter the spermatic cord and their sources?

Back 43

testicular (aorta)
artery of the vas (superior vesical/internal iliac)
cremasteric (inferior epigastric/external iliac)

Front 44

what veins drain to form the internal iliac vein?

Back 44

the visceral pelvic plexuses, the pelvic musculature, the buttock, the perineum, and th elower extremity (obturator)

Front 45

what veins do the plexues in the pelvis drain to?

Back 45

the internal iliac, mainly, but also the inferior mesenteric vein via the superior rectal, may also enter veterbral plexuses

Front 46

where are the iliac veins in relation to the iliac arteries?

Back 46

posterior and slightly medial

Front 47

what are the visceral venous pelvic plexues

Back 47

rectal, vesical, prostatic, uterine/vaginal

Front 48

what veins does the rectum drain to?

Back 48

the superior rectal vein (imv), middle rectal vein, and inferior rectal vein

Front 49

where can the prostate drain to? what implication does this have?

Back 49

the lateral sacral veins. prostate cancer can spread to the spine.

Front 50

where does most lympht from the pelvis drain to?

Back 50

regional nodes close to the interal iliac and its branches, then up the internal iliac to the aortic nodes

Front 51

what drainage do the external iliac nodes recieve?

Back 51

some from the parietal areas and viscera of the pelvis, also the inguinal nodes

Front 52

where does lymph from the rectum drain?

Back 52

directly into the pre-aortic nodes

Front 53

where does lymph from the gonads drain?

Back 53

directly to the para aortic nodes

Front 54

what ventral rami form the sacral plexus?

Back 54

the lumbosacral trunk (l4 and l5) plus s1-s4

Front 55

what are the two main nerves of the sacral plexus?

Back 55

the sciatic and pudendal

Front 56

what does the sciatic nerve innervate?

Back 56

the msucles of the posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles, the skin of the foot and most leg

Front 57

what does the pudendal nerve innervate?

Back 57

the perieneum, also chief sensory nerve of the genitalia

Front 58

what muscles does the sacral plexus innervate?

Back 58

the buttock, pelvic diaphragm, and all muscles that go to the hip

Front 59

where are anterior derived muscles located in the lower limb of the adult

Back 59

posteriorly

Front 60

where do lumbar splanchnics synapse?

Back 60

pre-aortic ganglia

Front 61

where do sacral splanchnics synapse?

Back 61

in ganglia of the pelvic plexus

Front 62

are lumbar and sacral splanchnics sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Back 62

sympathetic

Front 63

what are the two main nerves of the sacral plexus?

Back 63

the sciatic nerve and the pudendal nerve

Front 64

what does the pudendal nerve innervate?

Back 64

the perineum, and it's the chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia

Front 65

what is the action of muscles supplied by the anterior division of the sacral plexus?

Back 65

flexion and adductuion

Front 66

what is the action of muscles supplied by the posterior division of the sacral plexus?

Back 66

extension and abduction

Front 67

what type of nerve is primarily responsible for the sympathetic innervation of the pelvis?

Back 67

lumbar splanchnic nerves

Front 68

what forms the superior hypogasric plexus?

Back 68

sympathetics from above, and parasympathetics from below

Front 69

where is the superior hypogastric plexus located?

Back 69

in front of the aorta and sacral promontory

Front 70

what does the superior hypogastric plexus divide into?

Back 70

the hypogastric nerves

Front 71

where do the hypogastric nerves end?

Back 71

at the pelvic or inferior hypogastric plexus

Front 72

what sort of splanchnics are found in the pelvic plexus?

Back 72

sympathetic: sacral and lumbar
parasympathetic: pelvic

Front 73

what spinal cord levels do the pelvic splanchnics arise from?

Back 73

s2-s4

Front 74

how do the pelvic splanchnics get to the external genitalia?

Back 74

join with sympathetics in the pelvic plexus and go beneath the pubic arch

Front 75

what distal plexuses can nerves synapse in if they haven't in the pre-aortic, superior hypogastric or pelvic plexuses?

Back 75

the middle rectal, vesical, or prostatic/uterovaginal

Front 76

what does the pelvic diaphgram delineate the lower limit of

Back 76

the true pelvis

Front 77

what artery is the ureter very close to in the female?

Back 77

the uterine artery

Front 78

what spinal cord levels does the sciatic nerve originate from?

Back 78

l4, l5, s1, s2, and s3

Front 79

what spinal cord levels does the pudendal nerve come from?

Back 79

s2, s3, and s4

Front 80

what pelvic muscle has the sacral plexus on its anterior surface?

Back 80

the piriformis