H.a. Axial/appendicular

Front 1

fibrocartilage disks

Back 1

intervertebral disks

Front 2

numbers of spinal bones

Back 2

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal

Front 3

four spinal curves

Back 3

cervical, lumber (convex)
thoracic, sacral (concave)

Front 4

increased lumber curvature in pregnant women

Back 4

lordosis

Front 5

lateral bending of spine in thoracic region

Back 5

scoliosis

Front 6

hunch back

Back 6

kyphosis

Front 7

swayback: exaggeration of lumbar curve

Back 7

lordosis

Front 8

made up of pedicle and lamina, hole for spinal canal

Back 8

vertebral arch

Front 9

used for stacking spinal disk, in between intervertebral disks

Back 9

body

Front 10

form spinal canal

Back 10

vertebral foramen

Front 11

articulate with ribs/ligaments/muscles, sideways

Back 11

transverse processes

Front 12

bumps of the spine you can feel

Back 12

spinous processes

Front 13

form adjacent vertebra and intervertebral foramina, go up and down to clamp into place

Back 13

superior and inferior articular processes

Front 14

hole for blood vessel in transverse process

Back 14

transverse foramen

Front 15

articulates with occipital condyles of skull, no body or spinous processes

Back 15

atlas

Front 16

permits lateral rotation of head, no true body

Back 16

axis

Front 17

peglike structure on axis that allows it to articulate with atlas

Back 17

odontoid process/ dens

Front 18

longest spinous process of cervical vertebrae

Back 18

vertebra prominens

Front 19

type of vertebrae with long spinous processes where ribs articulate, may have facets or demi-facets

Back 19

thoracic

Front 20

where head of ribs articulate

Back 20

costal facets

Front 21

largest and strongest vertebrae, square looking

Back 21

lumbar vertebrae

Front 22

triangular bone located between hip bones of posterior pelvic cavity

Back 22

sacrum

Front 23

continuation of vertebral canal

Back 23

sacral canal

Front 24

anteriorly projecting superior border of the sacrum

Back 24

sacral promontory

Front 25

area of sacrum articulating with ilium

Back 25

auricular surface

Front 26

triangular bone that is "tailbone"

Back 26

coccyx

Front 27

responsible for 1/4 length of vertebral column, shock absorbers

Back 27

intervertebral disks

Front 28

what intervertebral disks are made of

Back 28

nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus

Front 29

breastbone

Back 29

sternum

Front 30

superior portion of sternum

Back 30

manubrium

Front 31

middle largest portion of sternum, forms sternal angle

Back 31

body

Front 32

smallest portion of sternum, hyaline cartilage that becomes ossified through life

Back 32

xiphoid process

Front 33

depression on superior surface of manubrium

Back 33

jugular notch

Front 34

articulates with clavicle, on each side of jugular notch

Back 34

clavicular notches

Front 35

bars of hyaline cartilage connecting the true ribs to the sternum and the false ribs to each other

Back 35

costal cartilages

Front 36

1-7 ribs

Back 36

true ribs

Front 37

8-12 ribs

Back 37

false ribs, costal cartilage doesn't directly attach

Front 38

ribs 8, 9 , 10

Back 38

vertebrochondral ribs

Front 39

ribs 11, 12

Back 39

vertebral (floating) ribs

Front 40

long twisted flat bone with a rounded, smooth, superior border and a sharp, thin inferior border

Back 40

rib

Front 41

follows the inferior border of rib and accommodates a vein, artery, and nerve

Back 41

costal groove

Front 42

projection of posterior end of rib that articulates w/ vertebrae (may have one or two facets)

Back 42

head

Front 43

used for articulation on ribs

Back 43

facets

Front 44

constricted portion of the rib just lateral to head

Back 44

neck

Front 45

knob-like structure on posterior surface of rib - articulates with ligament and transverse process of vertebra

Back 45

tubercle

Front 46

main portion of rib

Back 46

body or shaft

Front 47

point where rib takes a sharp anterior bend

Back 47

angle

Front 48

articulates with acromian process of scapula laterally and with clavicular notch of manubrium medially

Back 48

clavicle

Front 49

most frequently fractured bone in the body

Back 49

clavicle

Front 50

two ends of clavicle

Back 50

sternal & acromial

Front 51

triangular flat bone on dorsal side of body

Back 51

scapulae

Front 52

posterior ridge of scapula separating muscle groups

Back 52

spine

Front 53

process that attaches to clavicle, where shoulder separation happens

Back 53

acromion

Front 54

articulates with head of humerus, where shoulder dislocation happens

Back 54

glenoid cavity

Front 55

side of scapula facing spine

Back 55

medial or vertebral border

Front 56

side of scapula facing armpit

Back 56

lateral or axillary border

Front 57

point at bottom of scapula

Back 57

inferior angle

Front 58

point at top of scapula

Back 58

superior angle

Front 59

"beak", articulation point for muscles on scapula

Back 59

coracoid process

Front 60

depression above and below spine

Back 60

supraspinatus and infraspinatus fossae

Front 61

articulates w/ ribs, "slides" on them

Back 61

subscapularis fossa

Front 62

longest and largest bone of upper extremity

Back 62

humerus

Front 63

ball on humerus that articulates w/ glenoid fossa

Back 63

head

Front 64

articulates w/ ribs, "slides" on them

Back 64

subscapularis fossa

Front 65

bump on outside outside of humerus

Back 65

greater tubercle

Front 66

longest and largest bone of upper extremity

Back 66

humerus

Front 67

between the tubercles

Back 67

intertubercular sulcus

Front 68

ball on humerus that articulates w/ glenoid fossa

Back 68

head

Front 69

site of frequent fracture of humerus

Back 69

surgical neck

Front 70

bump on side of shaft (attaches deltoid muscle)

Back 70

deltoid tuberosity

Front 71

bump on outside outside of humerus

Back 71

greater tubercle

Front 72

between the tubercles

Back 72

intertubercular sulcus

Front 73

site of articulation w/ radius

Back 73

capitulum

Front 74

site of frequent fracture of humerus

Back 74

surgical neck

Front 75

depression that receives head of radius in flexed position

Back 75

radial fossa

Front 76

articulates w/ ulna (pulley)

Back 76

trochlea

Front 77

bump on side of shaft (attaches deltoid muscle)

Back 77

deltoid tuberosity

Front 78

site of articulation w/ radius

Back 78

capitulum

Front 79

articulates w/ ribs, "slides" on them

Back 79

subscapularis fossa

Front 80

depression that receives head of radius in flexed position

Back 80

radial fossa

Front 81

longest and largest bone of upper extremity

Back 81

humerus

Front 82

ball on humerus that articulates w/ glenoid fossa

Back 82

head

Front 83

articulates w/ ulna (pulley)

Back 83

trochlea

Front 84

bump on outside outside of humerus

Back 84

greater tubercle

Front 85

between the tubercles

Back 85

intertubercular sulcus

Front 86

site of frequent fracture of humerus

Back 86

surgical neck

Front 87

bump on side of shaft (attaches deltoid muscle)

Back 87

deltoid tuberosity

Front 88

site of articulation w/ radius

Back 88

capitulum

Front 89

depression that receives head of radius in flexed position

Back 89

radial fossa

Front 90

articulates w/ ulna (pulley)

Back 90

trochlea

Front 91

depression for flexed ulna (anterior)

Back 91

coronoid fossa

Front 92

depression for straight ulna (posterior)

Back 92

olecranon fossa

Front 93

bumps on side of elbow

Back 93

medial and lateral epicondyles

Front 94

medial bone of forearm (little finger side)

Back 94

ulna

Front 95

depression for flexed ulna (anterior)

Back 95

coronoid fossa

Front 96

"elbow"

Back 96

olecranon process

Front 97

semi-lunar notch in between two condyles

Back 97

trochlear notch

Front 98

depression for straight ulna (posterior)

Back 98

olecranon fossa

Front 99

depression located laterally and inferiorly to trochlear notch

Back 99

radial notch

Front 100

bumps on side of elbow

Back 100

medial and lateral epicondyles

Front 101

distal end of ulna

Back 101

head

Front 102

depression for flexed ulna (anterior)

Back 102

coronoid fossa

Front 103

medial bone of forearm (little finger side)

Back 103

ulna

Front 104

bump on head of ulna

Back 104

styloid process

Front 105

depression for straight ulna (posterior)

Back 105

olecranon fossa

Front 106

"elbow"

Back 106

olecranon process

Front 107

lateral bone of forearm (thumb side)

Back 107

radius

Front 108

bumps on side of elbow

Back 108

medial and lateral epicondyles

Front 109

medial bone of forearm (little finger side)

Back 109

ulna

Front 110

semi-lunar notch in between two condyles

Back 110

trochlear notch

Front 111

depression located laterally and inferiorly to trochlear notch

Back 111

radial notch

Front 112

"elbow"

Back 112

olecranon process

Front 113

distal end of ulna

Back 113

head

Front 114

semi-lunar notch in between two condyles

Back 114

trochlear notch

Front 115

bump on head of ulna

Back 115

styloid process

Front 116

depression located laterally and inferiorly to trochlear notch

Back 116

radial notch

Front 117

lateral bone of forearm (thumb side)

Back 117

radius

Front 118

distal end of ulna

Back 118

head

Front 119

bump on head of ulna

Back 119

styloid process

Front 120

lateral bone of forearm (thumb side)

Back 120

radius

Front 121

proximal end of radius, fits on capitulum

Back 121

head

Front 122

muscle for "flexing" arm attaches here

Back 122

radial tuberosity

Front 123

distal medial notch articulating w/ ulna

Back 123

ulnar to notch

Front 124

8 small bones of wrist

Back 124

carpus

Front 125

carpal bones in order

Back 125

pisiform, triquetral, lunate, scophoid, trapezium, trapazoid, capitate, hamate

Front 126

palmar bones

Back 126

metacarpus

Front 127

two thumb bones

Back 127

pollicus

Front 128

coxal bones united posteriorly by the sacrum and 2 sacroiliac joints

Back 128

sacrum

Front 129

fibrocartilage in front where it comes together

Back 129

pubic symphysis

Front 130

depression in bone

Back 130

fossa

Front 131

coxal bones united posteriorly by the sacrum and 2 sacroiliac joints

Back 131

sacrum

Front 132

fibrocartilage that unifies sacrum anteriorly

Back 132

pubic symphysis

Front 133

superior portion of pelvis, forms lower part of abdominal cavity, supports uterus

Back 133

false pelvis/ greater pelvis

Front 134

formed by parts of ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, and coccyx, protects distal portions of GI and urinary tracts

Back 134

true pelvis/ lesser pelvis

Front 135

separates false and true pelvis

Back 135

pelvic brim

Front 136

superior opening of true pelvis

Back 136

pelvic inlet

Front 137

inferior opening of true pelvis

Back 137

pelvic outlet

Front 138

measurement of birth canal

Back 138

pelvimetry

Front 139

make up anterior and lateral sides of pelvic girdle, composed of three bones that fuse into one

Back 139

coxal bones

Front 140

articulates with head of femur, depression on lateral side of pelvis

Back 140

acetabulum

Front 141

superior portion of coxal bone

Back 141

ilium

Front 142

superior border of ilium

Back 142

iliac crest

Front 143

pointy part of hip that juts out

Back 143

anterior superior iliac spine

Front 144

dimple in someone's back

Back 144

posterior superior iliac spine

Front 145

biggest nerve of body comes out back

Back 145

greater sciatic notch

Front 146

internal surface of ilium

Back 146

iliac fossa

Front 147

articulates with sacrum

Back 147

auricular surface