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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Typical Eukaryotic cell has |
Plasma membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm -> Cytosol, organelles, cytosketelon Cell wall |
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Structure: Nucleus |
- Largest organelle w/in Eukaryotic cell - Spherical |
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Nucleus: Nuclear Envelope |
- Double phospholipid bilayer - Perforated with many nuclear pores regulate mvmt of substances into or out of the nucleus |
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Nucleus: Chromosomes/chromatin |
- Chromatin - thin elongated threads - before cell ÷ chromatin condense to thicker, shorter: chromosomes - interphase: ♢ euchromatin - active synthesis of RNA : diffused state ♢ heterochromatin - not active in RNA synthesis: tightly coiled, stained |
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Significance of nucleus |
1. Hereditary material 2. Regulate protein sythesis -> control cell activity |
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Nucleous |
1. One or more nucleoli 2. Large conc DNA, rRNA and Proteins 3. Site of synthesis of rRNA, ribosome component 4. Site of assembly of rRNA and ribosomal proteins into ribosomal subunits |
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Structure: Ribosomes |
1. Small and large subunit 2. Subunit: rRNA & proteins 3. Ribosomal subunits assembled in nucleolus then exported out into cytoplasm 4. Free: freely floating in cytosol Attached: to the RER 5. Prokaryotes: 70S; Eukaryotes: 80S |
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Fx: Ribosomes |
Site of protein synthesis |
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Non-membraneous organelles |
Ribosomes and centrioles |
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Structure : Endomembrane system: Nuclear Envelope |
Perforated by numerous nuclear pores
Outer membrane of nuclear membrane is continuous with ER |
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Structure : Endomembrane system: Endoplasmic Reticulum |
- Extensive network of membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae - Internal compartment: cisternal space |
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Structure : Endomembrane system: Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough ER |
- Bound ribosomes that stud the outer surface of the membrane - Cisternae appear more flattened |
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Fx: Endomembrane system: Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough ER |
- Transport of proteins - cisternal space: proteins fold into their native 3D-conformation - Glycosylation: Carbohydrates + proteins = glycoprotein - Ribosome synthesised proteins are for 1. Secretion out of the cell 2. Targeted for insertion into plasma membrane 3. Packaging into organelles |
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Structure: Endomembrane system: Endoplasmic Reticulum: Smooth ER |
- More tubular cisternae than RER - Smooth membrane |
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Fx: Endomembrane system: Endoplasmic Reticulum: Smooth ER |
1. Enzymes embedded synthesis carbohydrates and lipids 2. Detoxify drugs and poison 3. SER in muscle cells store Ca2+ |
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Structure: Endomembrane system: Golgi Apparatus |
- Membrane bound sacs: cisternae and associated vesicles: Golgi vesicles - convex cis face - concave trans face |
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Fx: Endomembrane system: Golgi Apparatus |
Modifying, sorting and packaging - Glycosylation to proteins and lipids - Modify existing glycoprotein and glycolipids - Sorts and targets complete materials to diff parts of cell or for secretion |
