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165 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abortion
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the spontaneous end to pregnancy
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Alpha-fetoprotein AFP
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synthesized by the liver, yolk sac, and GI tract; test 15-22 wks. HIGH w/ open neural tube defects, death or multiple babies. LOW w/ downs
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amniocentesis
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16-22 weeks for abnormalities
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amnion
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a membrane continuoius with and covering the fetal side of the palcenta that forms the outer surface of the umilical cord
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amniotic fluid
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produced by fetal membranes and fetus, protests from trauma and temp changes, maintain oxygen supply and movement
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ballottement
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technique of palpating and feeling the rebound; probable objective sign; late in preg. look for prolapsed cord
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chadwick sign
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C-B, the bluish vulva and vagina, after 4th week from local venous congestion. SIGN of pregnancy
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chloasma
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mask of pregnancy, dark on forehead, cheeks and nose
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chorion
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outermost extraembryonic membrane of the two layers that hold amniotic fluid and baby; develops villi 2wks after conception, gives rise to placenta,
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Chronic Villus sampling, CVS
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done during 1st trimester, does not detect neural tube defects,
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diastasis recti abdominis
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seperation of recti abdominis muscles along media line of ab wall. adult women cause multi preg or births like triplets
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ductus arteriosus
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vascular channel in the fetuw that joins the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. closes after birth and makes ligament
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ductus venousus
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vascular channel passes thro liver and joins umblilical veiwn w/ inferior vena cava. carries oxygenated blood and after birth becomes a ligament
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eclampsia
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GRAVE; preg induced hypertension, convulsions, coma, proteinuria, edema. during pregnancy after 20th wk or w.i 48 hours after birth
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EDB
EDC EDD |
expected date of BIRTH
expected date CONFINMENT expected date of DELIVERY |
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female partner abuse
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most common in US, itimate partner abuse
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foramen ovale
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opening in septum b/w left and right atria; provides bypass for blood that would flow to fetal lungs. most of the blood from inferior vena cava flows thro the foramen ovale into left atriam
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gestation period
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time b/w conception and labor approx 38 weeks
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goodells sign
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SOFTENing of uterine cervix, 2nd month of pregnancy PROBABLE sign
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Gravida
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woman who is pregnant
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HELLP syndrom
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Severe preclampsia:
Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelet count |
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hyperemesis gravidarum
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vomiting, weight loss, dehydration AFTER first trimester
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A series of 4 steps to determine position and presentaion of fetus
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Leopold's manuevers
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Mucus Plug/Operculum
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thick mucus in cervis often expelled at the onset of dilation just before labor begins. may be dry but more often semifluid and mucoid streaked w/ blood a
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multiparity
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delivered more than one pregnancy past the point of viabity
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nagles rul
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First day of LMP - 3 months + 7
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nulipara
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not delivered past the point of viability
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para
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produced an infant whether alive or stillborn, delivered after 20 weeks gestation,
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parturition
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process of giving birht
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Pica
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eat non food substances, occurs w/ nutritional deficiency (iron) and some forms of mental illness
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Primagravida
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pregnant for 1st time
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placenta
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forms on 8th day of pregnancy
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preclampisa
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onset of acute hypertension after the 24th wk, classic triade: hypertension, proteinura and edema
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Pregnancy lasts___days or___wks from fertilization but clinically considered to last ___days, ___wks, __lunar month, ___ calendar months from first day of last period
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266 38 weeks
280 days, 40Wks, 10 LM, 9 1/3 CM, |
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pregnancy induced hypertension PIH
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hypertensive disorder, (hypertension, edema and proteinuria)
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quickening
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1st feeling of movement by baby 16 to 20 wks
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teratogenic agent
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interferes with normal fetal development causing abnormalities
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tocolytic agent
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use of medication to arrest preterm labor
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toxemia
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eclampsia of pregnancy due to toxin produced ...NO LONGER USED
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viability
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20 weeks in Illinois
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Young adulthood stages of life from_____
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18 to 40 years
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acme
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peak of intensity of contraction
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amniotomy
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artifical rupture of membranes (AROM), stimulate or accelerate onset of labor, painless
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Biophysical profile BPP
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5 variables assessed for fetal risk, breathing movement, body movement, amniotic fluid volume, FHR reactivity
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Cephalo pelvic disporportion CPD
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babys head too big or moms birth canal too small
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Contraction stress test CST
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method of assessing reaction of fetus to stress of contraction using ultrasound
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decrement
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decrease of stage of decline of contraction
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dilation
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external OS of cervix from 0-10cm
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duration
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length of contraction in seconds from begining to end
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dystocia
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pathologic or difficult laor cause by obstuction or constriction of the birth passage or abnormal size shape posistion or condition of fetus
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effacement
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shortening of vaginal portion of cervix and thinning of it's walls
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episiotomy
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done to prevent tearing ot perineum, hasten birth,
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fetal distress
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usually discovered in labor, late decelerations of FHR
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FHR
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varies, affected by fever, contractions, maternal-fetal HYPOtension, and drugs
Norm: 120-160BPM |
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frequency
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time b/w beginning of one contraction to the start of the next
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Hydraminos( polyhydramnios)
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excess of amniotic fluid- >2000mL, causes overdistension of uterus
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increment
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building up of uterine contraction
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Intensity-quality
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strength of contraction at is acme.
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Labor
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time and process druing parturition from beginning of cervical dilation to deliver of placenta including the first 1-2 hours after delivery-4 stages
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Leboyer method
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psychophysical approach to introducing baby to outside world, gently and pleasently
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lie
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long axis of mom vx fetus
longitudinal= fetus lying vertically: transverse=lying crosswise |
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lightening
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subjective sensation of movement in 20th week
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meconium
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secretions of intestinal glands, amniotic fluid, intrauterine debris like bile pigments, fatty acids, epithelial cells, muscus, lanugo and blood
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Non stress test NST
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FHR vs movement or contractile activity
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Nuchal cord
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cord around neck, after birth of head 1st thing to look for,
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position
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expressed with 3 letters, ROA
fetus PRESENTING part to moms pelvis |
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fetal posture
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refers to "attitude"
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fetal presentation
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PART of fetus at cervical OS
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precipitous birth
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rapid delivery no doctore
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precipitous labore
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less than hours
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premature labor
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before 37th or 38th week or before 2000-2500g
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prolonged labor
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more than 24 hours
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show
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pinkish mucous discharge a few hours to a few days before onset of labor
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station
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presenting part to imaginary line drawn between the pelvic ishcial spines -5 to +5
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transition
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last phase of 1st stage of labor, shortest and most intense, 8-10 cm
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vertex
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top of head or crown
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after pains
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contractions during first few days after delivery, stronger in nursing moms, large babies or overdistended uterus
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colostrum
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first fluid from breast before lactation begins, maternal antibodies, white blood cells, protein water, fat, minerals, vitamins and carbs in thin yellow serous fluid
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en face
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moms face and baby approx 8 inches apart and on same plane, mom holds baby up in front of her face
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endometriosis
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ectopic growht of endometrial tissue
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engorgement
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swelling breast tissue from increase flow of blood and lymph and breast milk, pump every 3 to 4 hours and at night only if you wake
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foremilk
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obtained at beginning of feeding high in water contains protein and vitamins
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hindmilk
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breastmilk released after let down high in fat
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homans
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CALF pain,
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Involution
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decrease in size of an organ from decrease in size of it's cells
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lochia
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maternal discharge of blood, mucous and tissue from uterus after delivery, may last several weeks
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lochia alba
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white discharge 10-21 days after birth
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lochia rubra
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red, blood tinged discharge after birth lasts 2-4 days
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lochia serosa
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pink serous and blood dicharge, follows rubra and last until 7 to 10 days
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mastitis
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inflammatory condition of the breast usually caused by stretococcl or staphyloccal infection
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mature milk
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final milk produced that contains about 10% solids( carbs, fat, protein) for energy and growth, water for hydration
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montgomery tubercules
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sebaceous gland on areola, enlarge during pregnancy, secretions lubricate and protect break
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oxytocin
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hormone from posterior pituitary for uterine contractions and release of milk in lactiferous ducts
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postpartum
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after childbirth
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prolactin
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homone produced and secreted in bloodstream by anterior pituitary, stimulates and sustains lactation
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puerperium
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time AFTER birth, lasts 6 weeks, until uterus involution is complete
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thrombophlebitis
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inflammation of a vein sometimes forms a clot
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transitional milk
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milk produced from the end of colostrum until approx 2 weeks postpartum. contains lactose, water soluable vitamins, elevated levels of fat, and more calories
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uterine atony
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relaxation of unterine muscle tone following birth
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acrocyanosis
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discoloration, coldness, and cyanosis of the extremities
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caput succedaneum
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localized pitting edema in the scalp of baby that may overlie sutures of skull, from circular pressure pressure of cervix on the babys occiput
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chemical conjunctivitus
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irritation of lining of eyelid from medication
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epstiens pearls
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small white pearl like epithelial cysts on gumlines, look like teeth coming in
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erythema toxicum neonatorium
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pink rash appears 24-48 hours after birth
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harlequin sign
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rare color change along longitudinal halved of newborns body, no pathological significance
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hyperbilirubinemia
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increase bilirubin seen with jaundice, blood incompatibility, intrauterine infection, septicemia and other disorders
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hypospadia
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urinary meatus on the ventral surface of penis
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intrauterine growht retardation
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development of fetus is delayed more than 2 deviations below the mean for gestational age, sex and ethnicity.
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jaundice
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yellow skin, sclera
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kernicterus
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toxic accumulation of bilirubin CNS tissues cause by deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in brain cells
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lanugo
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soft downy hair 5th month of gestation and almost gone by 9th month
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large for gestational age LGA
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growth was accelerated, large and heavy
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low birth weight LBW
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weighs less than 2500g
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milia
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tiny white papules on the face from unopened sebacous glands
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mongolian spot
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bluish black pigment over sacrum and buttocks, common in black, asians, native americans, souther europeans
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molding
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shapping of head by overlapping of cranial bones to facilitae birth
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mottling
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lacy pattern of diated blood vessels under the skin. may be related to chilling or prolonged apnea
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moro reflex
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flexion of things and knees with fingers that fan then clench as arms are simutaneously thrown out then back. Startle reflex
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neonate
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birth though 8 days
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nevus flammeus
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large port wine stain
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nevus vasculus
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strawberry mark, raised common in head region
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opthalmia neonatorum
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purulent infection of the eyes of conjuctiva usually from gonocooi
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periodic breathing
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sporadic episodes of apnea, not associated with cyanosis that last for about 10 seconds and is common in preterm babies
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phimosis
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tighness of the prepuse of the penis, prevents retraction of foreskin over the glans. may be from infection, circumcision needed
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physiologic jaundice
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harmlees condition caused from reduction of red blood cells occurring 48 hours or more ager birth. peaks 5th to 7th day, disappears 7th to 10th day.
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physiolic weight loss
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normal due to fluid shifts during initail newborn period 3-4 days
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pilonidal dimple
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infolding of epithelial tissue beneath skin in the interglued cleft on the butt
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postmature
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born at end of 42nd week
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premature
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born before 37 weeks
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nevus vasculus
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strawberry mark, raised common in head region
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psedomenstration
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bleeding from uterus in baby girls resembles mestruation
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opthalmia neonatorum
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purulent infection of the eyes of conjuctiva usually from gonocooi
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periodic breathing
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sporadic episodes of apnea, not associated with cyanosis that last for about 10 seconds and is common in preterm babies
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phimosis
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tighness of the prepuse of the penis, prevents retraction of foreskin over the glans. may be from infection, circumcision needed
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physiologic jaundice
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harmlees condition caused from reduction of red blood cells occurring 48 hours or more ager birth. peaks 5th to 7th day, disappears 7th to 10th day.
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physiolic weight loss
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normal due to fluid shifts during initail newborn period 3-4 days
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pilonidal dimple
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infolding of epithelial tissue beneath skin in the interglued cleft on the butt
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postmature
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born at end of 4nd week
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premature
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born before 37 weeks
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psedomenstration
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bleeding from uterus in baby girls resembles mestruation
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small for gestational age
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birth weight below 10th percentile
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subconjuctival hemorrhage
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located on sclera of newborns eye
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sucking fat pads
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in babys cheek to assist with sucking
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telangiectatic nevi
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stork bits, nape of nec, forehead and eyelids, nose and occipital
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tonic neck reflex
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supine infants head turned to one side, arm and leg on that side extend while the extmities on the other side flex
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transistional stool
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passes after meconium next day or twon, thin brown to green, part meconium part stool
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vernix caseosa
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cheeselike white substance made of sebum and dequameate epithlial cells found at 4 weeks gestation
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normal transistion of newborn glucose level
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greater than or = to 40mg%
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normal transistion of newborn hematocrit
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less than 65-70% cental venous sample
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used with newborns to promote liver formation of clotting factors
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vit K phytonadione aquamephyton, because no flora in gut
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bilirubin levels at 5-48 hours old
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> or = to 12 consider phototherapy, > = 15 photo.,>=20 transfusion, >=25 transfusion and photo
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bilirubin levels at 49-72 hours old
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>=15 consider photo, >=18 photo, >=25 transfusion, >=30 transfusion and photo
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bilirubin levels at >72 hours
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>=17 consider photo;>=20 photo, >=25 transfusion, >=30 transfuse and photo
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If serum bilirubin rises over ___mg/dL/day further investigation is needed
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5
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jaundice should be further investigated if it last how long
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6 days in term baby, 14 days in premie
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baby 14 hours old, unconjugated bilirubin 14mg/dL, wieghs 2350g, what should be done
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physiologic: possible tranfusion because of weight, if it were past 24 hours it would be pathologic and photo would be used
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state order of effacement and dilation for primigravida and multigravida
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primi=efface then dilate
multi SAME TIME |
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TORCH infection caused by what?
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contact with cat feces
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cystic fibrosis is a ____ gene and the baby has a _:_ chance to get it if parents are carriers
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1:4
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magnesium sulfate ritodrin, is used for what
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anti seizure for preclampsia, calcium gloconate for reversal, CNS depressent
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bethamethasone, celestone solupan used for
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premature infants for resp issues, assess K, glucose, weigh daily, BPq4hr, Pulse, I&O
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Ritodrine, Yutopar is used for what
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reduces frequency/intensity of contractions
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normal term neonatal blood values
hct, hgb, platelets, white blood cell total, serum glucose |
Hct=43-63% normal values
Hgb= 14-20g/dL platelets=150,000-350,000/mm3 WBC=10,000-30,000/mm3 glucose=45-96mg/dL |
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normal maternal lab values Hct,
hgb, platelets, WBC total, |
non-pregnant pregnant
Hct-37-47% 3-4% hgb 12-16g/dl 10-14g/dl plt150-350Kmm ^3-5daypstpar wbc45-10K/mm 5-15K/mm3 |
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24 hours after birth fundus should be where
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U/1 midline
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