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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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women some in urban areas had more freedom and liberation, mostly due to the new inventions (which gave ease in domestic life and provided access to a social life)
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before ww1 women were expected to wear restrictive clothing, behave politely, to not play sports or smoke in public, to be housewives, and to work in lower paid (secretarial) jobs- their relationships with men were strictly controlled. |
STRICTLY CONTROLLED |
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women/the twenties traditional roles of young urban women eased (new behaviour summed up in the flapper) so some dressed daringly, kissed and smoked in public, and went with men without chaperones. |
taken into war industries-given the experience of working in factories. white women given the right to vote-some states introduced this before ww1. |
FLAPPER |
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inequality of (white) women rural American women had tight restrictions owing to the church |
the strong, conservative element in american society as a result of traditional, religious, and old country values kept such women from the liberty urban women enjoyed. political parties considered them to be 'unelectable candidates; women paid less. |
RURAL RESTRICTED |
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jobs and industries (particularly) middle class women took on jobs created by new industries |
10 million in jobs in 1929 (24% more than in 1920) films and novels exposed women in wider range of models- newspapers, magazines etc found that sex sold much better than anything else |
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Prohibition American society was divided through individual ideas and beliefs... |
19th century; very strong 'temperance' movement -devout christians encouraged reduced alcohol consumption by claiming that "3000 infants are smothered yearly in bed, by drunken parents" |
CHRISTIANS |
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dries, saloons the campaign soon became country values against city values |
dries claimed that communism thrived on alcohol and led lawfulness in cities (particularly in immigrabt communities) saloons seen as dens of vice, destroying family life. by 1916, 21 states had banned them. |
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the eighteenth amendment became law in 1920 (volstead act) |
"prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquids" |
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was prohibition successful? how was it enforced? |
prohibition agents arrested offenders through raids by ordering drinks (excecuting a low-key investigation). 4,392 arrests- at the end of the 20s alcohol consumptions fell by 30% |
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impossible to inforce underfinanced, not enough agents, poorly paid |
bootleggers supplied illegal alcohol, there were more speaksies in 1925 than saloons in 1919. illegal stills/moonshine (home made whisky) sometimes were major fire hazards/frequently poisonous. 280,000 stills seized by agents. 2/3 bootlegs came from Canada; boarders virtually impossible to control. |
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Prohibition led to massive corruption 1/12 prohibitions agents dismissed for corruptions |
many law inforcements involved in the liquor trade; breweries survived by bribing govt. officials- it was difficult to get convictions as officers & judges in pay of criminals. |
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prohibition plenary |
laws & amendments enforced based upon individual values & beliefs so it was not respected by everyone...a waste of money & resources. seemed that prohibition failed to make US lawless as the police were corrupt & gangs rich and powerful. wsc followed by the depression led to sound economics for getting rid as legalising alcohol created jobs, raise tax revenue, and free up resources dedicated to the impossible enforcement. |
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organised gangs estimated made $2bn sales from illegal alcohol no arrests made in '26&27 |
fear and bribery made law enforcement ineffective- gangs involved in prostitution, gambling, protection rackets, and often fought eachother to control liquor trade. 130 gangland murders in Chicago. Al Capone arrived in Chicago 1919 and built up networks of corrupt officials and was supported by a ruthless gang- commiting atleast 300 murders in the process.
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st valentine's day massacre (a turning point) 1929 |
the papers screamed that gangs graduated from murder to massacre- AC murdered 7 rivals from Bug Moron's gang democratic president Roosevelt repealed prohibition in december 1933. |
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racial tension many african americans still worked for plantation owners on their land/as slaves in their homes. most were denied access to higher education, good jobs, and the right to vote. |
many moved north where there were better chances at education and jobs. chicago (110,000-230,000) ny (150,000-330,000) despite this many still lived in great poverty and had poorer education and health services than whites. poor whites attacked them if they attempted to use parks etc in the districts (eg. Irish and Polish) so communities often became isolated and left in ghettos.
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klu klux klan powerful political force in the 20s- klansmen elected into such positions (Oregon&Oklahoma had govenors belonging to the klan) so there was a very high influence. |
set in 1860s, revived after release of "The Birth of a Nation" (1915), glorifying the klan leaders as defenders of decent American values against renegade African Americabs and corrupt business men. 1919-25; 300+ African Americans murdered by lynchings- parades and beatings used to intimidate. strongest in mid-west/rural south where working class men competed for unskilled jobs . 1924- 4.5million members. |
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the sacco vanzetti case |
convicted under shaky evidence. radicals and moderates protested the excecution in 1929 after 6 years of trials as it was very unjust. this shows the majority discomfort and prejudice surrounding immigrants in the 20s. |
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immigration quotas & experiences of immigrants prior to ww1 the usa had no restrictions and became the 'melting-pot' (losing ethnic individulaities to create 'American') non WASPs were thought as being less educated/inferior (form of racial prej.) |
1917 literacy test- to check to read basic English, favoured WASPS from n/w europe 1921Emergency Quotas Act (nationality)- admissions limited to 3% of emigrants from that country in 1910 1924 National Origins Act- further restrictions, 2% and year of residency moved to 1890; 25 years prior to ww1 had many immigrants from IT, RUS, etc. overall EU immigrants reduced to 150,000 |
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