H Chem First Quarter Final

Front 1

matter

Back 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 2

qualitative data

Back 2

information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic.

Front 3

quantitative data

Back 3

Numerical information describing how much, how little, how big, how tall, or how fast.

Front 4

weight

Back 4

A measure of an amount of matter and also the effect of Earth's gravitational pull on that matter.

Front 5

mass

Back 5

a measure that reflects the amount of matter

Front 6

kilogram

Back 6

the SI base unit for mass

Front 7

derived unit

Back 7

a unit defined by a combination of base units.

Front 8

length

Back 8

linear measurement, how much of something there is.

Front 9

meter

Back 9

The SI base unit for length

Front 10

physical change

Back 10

a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition

Front 11

element

Back 11

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

Front 12

precipitate

Back 12

a solid produces during a chemical reaction in a solution

Front 13

intensive property

Back 13

a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present.

Front 14

joule

Back 14

The SI unit of heat and energy

Front 15

exothermic

Back 15

A chemical reaction or process in which more energy is released than is required to break bonds in the initial reaction

Front 16

law of definite proportions

Back 16

states that, regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass.

Front 17

law of multiple proportions

Back 17

states that when different compounds are formed by the combination of the same elements, different masses, of one element combine with the same mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers.

Front 18

isotope

Back 18

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Front 19

radioactivity

Back 19

the process in which some substances spontaneously emit radiation

Front 20

alpha particle

Back 20

A particle with two protons and two neutrons, with a 2+ charge; is equivalent to a helium-4 nucleus

Front 21

gamma ray

Back 21

High-energy radiation that has no electrical charge and no mass, is not deflected by electric or magnetic fields, usually accompanies alpha and beta radiation, and accounts for most of the energy lost during radioactive decay

Front 22

frequency

Back 22

the number of waves that pass a given point per second

Front 23

wavelength

Back 23

the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave

Front 24

Hund's rule

Back 24

States that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals.

Front 25

periodic law

Back 25

states that when the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their properties

Front 26

Lanthanoid

Back 26

the series in period 6 in the f-block

Front 27

period

Back 27

a horizontal row of elements in the modern periodic table

Front 28

oxidation number

Back 28

the positive or negative charge of a monatomic ion

Front 29

molecular formula

Back 29

A formula that specifies the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a substance

Front 30

ion

Back 30

An aton or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge

Front 31

oxyanion

Back 31

a polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bonded to one or more oxygen atoms

Front 32

alloy

Back 32

a mixture of elements that has metallic properties

Front 33

chemistry

Back 33

the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes

Front 34

second

Back 34

The SI base unit for time

Front 35

temperature

Back 35

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter

Front 36

kelvin

Back 36

the SI base unit of temperature

Front 37

accuracy

Back 37

refers to how close a measured value is to an accepted value

Front 38

precision

Back 38

refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another; precise measurements show little variation over a series of trials but might not be accurate

Front 39

density

Back 39

the amount of mass per unit volume; a physical property

Front 40

significant figures

Back 40

the number of all known digits reported in measurements plus one estimated digit

Front 41

Chemical change

Back 41

A process involving one or more substances changing into new substances; also called a chemical reaction.

Front 42

compound

Back 42

A chemical combination of two or more different elements

Front 43

extensive property

Back 43

A physical property that is dependent upon the amount of substance present

Front 44

heat

Back 44

A form of energy that flows from a warmer object to a cooler object

Front 45

endothermic

Back 45

A chemical reaction or process in which a greater amount of energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants than is released when the new bonds form in the product molecules

Front 46

specific heat

Back 46

The amount of heat required to raise the temperatures of one gram of a given substance by one degree celsius

Front 47

mass number

Back 47

the numer after an element's name, representing the sum of its protons and neutrons

Front 48

photon

Back 48

a particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy

Front 49

atomic number

Back 49

the number of protons in an atom

Front 50

beta particle

Back 50

a high-speed electron with a 1- charge that is emitted during radioactive decay

Front 51

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Back 51

states that it is not possible to know precisely both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time

Front 52

Pauli exclusion principle

Back 52

states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital but only if the electrons have opposite spins

Front 53

Actinoid

Back 53

period 7 f-block elements

Front 54

family

Back 54

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table arranged in order of increasing atomic number

Front 55

ionization energy

Back 55

the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom

Front 56

polyatomic ion

Back 56

an ion made up of two or more ions bonded together that acts a single unit with a net charge

Front 57

empirical formula

Back 57

a formula that shows the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the elements of a compound, and might or might not be the same as the actual molecular formula

Front 58

ionic compound

Back 58

compounds that contain ionic bonds

Front 59

electrolyte

Back 59

an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current

Front 60

delocalized electron

Back 60

the electrons involved in metallic bonding that are free to move easily from one atom to the next throughout the metal and are not attached to a particular atom