H Bio, Ch #9

Front 1

DNA

Back 1

Type of nucleic acid that stores genetic information

Hint 1

2. DNA is doubled during the cell cycle

Front 2

RNA

Back 2

Nucleic acid that transcribes genetic information into a sequence of amino acids

Hint 2

2. There are three different types of RNA

Front 3

Gene Expression

Back 3

The process of using encoded genetic information

Hint 3

1. UUC being expressed as serine

2. Gene expression is done through nucleic acids

Front 4

mRNA

Back 4

The type of RNA that copies genetic instructions

Hint 4

2. mRNA is involved in transcription

Front 5

tRNA

Back 5

The type of RNA that creates the amino acid sequence

Hint 5

2. tRNA has an anticodon at one end and an amino acid at the other

Front 6

Genetic Code

Back 6

The combinations of nucleic acids that translate into specific amino acids

Hint 6

2. ACG = Threonine

3. The genetic code is like the alphabet

Front 7

Codon

Back 7

Three nucleotides that stand for a specific amino acid on mRNA

Hint 7

3. CCA

4. Codons are analogous to words

Front 8

Anticodon

Back 8

Three nucleotides that stand for a specific amino acid on tRNA

Hint 8

4. GGU

5. Every codon has an opposite anticodon

Front 9

Transcription

Back 9

The stage of gene expression where the genetic code is copied and RNA is made

Hint 9

1. The stage involving splicing

3. There are three stages of transcription

Front 10

RNA Polymerase

Back 10

An enzyme that unwinds DNA and synthesizes RNA

Hint 10

2. RNA Polymerase is similar to DNA polymerase in that they both unwind DNA and build a matching chain using nucleotides

Front 11

Intron

Back 11

Useless segments of RNA that are removed in transcription

Hint 11

1. An RNA segment that starts with GU and ends with AG

2. Introns can cause serious problems if not spliced

Front 12

Extron

Back 12

Segments of RNA that code for proteins

Hint 12

1. Segment that codes for alanine

2. After splicing only extrons remain in the RNA transcript

Front 13

RNA Processing

Back 13

The modification of RNA transcripts, so they can be used

Hint 13

1. Adding a poly-A tail

2. During RNA processing the three types of RNA take shape

Front 14

Splicing

Back 14

The removal of introns and connecting of extrons in RNA processing

Hint 14

2. Splicing is a very exact process

Front 15

tRNA Charging

Back 15

When tRNA is matched to its correct amino acid

Hint 15

1. A tRNA with an anticodon of CAG and valine amino acid

2. Each amino acid has its own enzyme for tRNA charging

Front 16

Translation

Back 16

The stage if gene expression where the amino acid sequence is ordered

Hint 16

1. The stage that takes place on ribosomes

2. Translation uses all three types of RNA

Front 17

Tertiary Structure

Back 17

Shape of a protein determined by its primary structure, and that determines its function

Hint 17

2. The tertiary structure of enzymes provide their active site

Front 18

Translational Error

Back 18

Errors that occur during the translation stage of gene expression

Hint 18

1. A Frame Shift Mutation

2. Translational errors mean polypeptide chains may be incomplete

Front 19

Translational Frame Shift

Back 19

An error in which initiation is messed up and RNA codes for the wrong amino acids

Hint 19

1. An AAU enzyme being read as AUG

2. Frame shift mutations mean a threonine protein may be coded for instead of aspartate

Front 20

Frame Shift Mutation

Back 20

A mutation where the frames being read can't translate to nucleotides

Hint 20

1. A frame of 2 nucleotides

2. Frame shift mutations involve deleting nucleotides