H Bio, Ch 6, Vincent Falardeau

Front 1

Cell Theory

Back 1

"The theory that organisms are composed of cells and these cells are all derived from preexisting cells" - BSCS Bio

Hint 1

A human, according to cell theory, is made of cells, and the cells were derived from parents' cells.

Front 2

Prokaryotes

Back 2

"A membrane whose cells do not have membrane-enclosed nuclei or organelles; a moneran (bacterium)" - BSCS Bio

Hint 2

A bacterium is a prokaryote because the inside of its cell(s) are loose, without so many inner membranes.

Front 3

Eukaryotes

Back 3

"An organism whose cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles; a protist, a fungus, a plant, or an animal." - BSCS Bio

Hint 3

Humans are eukaryotes because they have cells with nuclei that are enclosed by membranes.

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

"The membrane-bound organelle that houses the chromosomes."

Hint 4

The DNA used in cell mitosis is tired in the nuclei of cells.

Front 5

Chromosome

Back 5

The carriers of genetic information within the nuclei of cells.

Hint 5

The extra chromosome leads to some genetic differences called, collectively, Down's Syndrome.

Front 6

Nucleoid

Back 6

"A region in a prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA."

Hint 6

The bacteria's genetic information was all to be found in the little lump called the nucleoid.

Front 7

Plasmid

Back 7

"A small ring of DNA in bacteria that carries genes separate from those of the chromosome."

Hint 7

Plasmids help bacteria survive under particular stresses.

Front 8

Flagella

Back 8

"Long cellular appendages specialized for locomotion" - BSCS Bio

Hint 8

The protist used its flagellum to move around.

Front 9

Plasma Membrane

Back 9

The selectively permeable cell membrane.

Hint 9

The plasma membrane did not allow the passage of the harmful ion into the cell.

Front 10

Cell Wall

Back 10

A stiff layer of cellulose outside the plasma membrane of a cell.

Hint 10

The celery was stiff because the cells all were surrounded by cell walls made of cellulose.

Front 11

Ribosomes

Back 11

The organelle that serves as the site of protein synthesis in cells.

Hint 11

The proteins do everything in the cell, but the ribosomes build the proteins.

Front 12

Cytoplasm

Back 12

The semi-fluid contents of the cell outside of the organelles and within the cell membrane.

Hint 12

Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm.

Front 13

Cytosol

Back 13

"The gelatinlike portion of the cytoplasm that bathes the organelles of the cell."

Hint 13

The cytosol is the gel cushioning the important organelles.

Front 14

Organelles

Back 14

A part of the cell with its own specialized function.

Hint 14

An example of an organelle is the mitochondrion, which serves to make ATP.

Front 15

Nucleolus

Back 15

The structure within the nucleus that synthesizes RNA for ribosomes.

Hint 15

The nucleolus works in the center of the nucleus of the cell.

Front 16

Cytoskeleton

Back 16

The tubes and filaments that run throughout the cytoplasm carrying, moving, etcetera-ing things.

Hint 16

The cytoskeleton transports things like a 'skeletal' rail system.

Front 17

ER

Back 17

The endoplasmic reticulum, a membrane network around the eukaryotic cell where there may or may not be ribosomes.

Hint 17

Smooth ER has no ribosomes, and rough ER has ribosomes.

Front 18

Golgi

Back 18

An organelle that modifies and packages materials being deported from the cell.

Hint 18

The Golgi basically is like a post office, preparing and packaging materials to be sent from the cell.

Front 19

Vacuole

Back 19

Membrane-enclosed organelles in the plant that mainly serve to store water.

Hint 19

The plant's cell had a huge vacuole, full of water, acids, enzymes, salts, and pigments.

Front 20

Lysosomes

Back 20

Special vesicles in animal cells that contain enzymes that break down old macromolecules in the cell.

Hint 20

The lysosomes of the eye used lysozyme to break down bacteria's cell walls.

Front 21

Centrioles

Back 21

Tubular structures mostly in animals that participate in cell reproduction.

Hint 21

The centrioles helped split the cell in two during mitosis.

Front 22

Vesicles

Back 22

"A small intracellular, membrane-enclosed sac that stores or transports substances." - BSCS Bio

Hint 22

A lysosome is an example of a vesicle.

Front 23

Colony

Back 23

"A distinct group of microorganisms living together." - BSCS Bio

Hint 23

A colony of bacteria was growing in John's stomach, making John feel sick.

Front 24

Multicellular

Back 24

Consisting of multiple cells; being an organism with multiple cells.

Hint 24

Humans are multicellular, as each human has an enormous number of cells.

Front 25

Cell Differentiation

Back 25

"Process in which cells become specialized for a specific structure and function via selective gene expression." - BSCS Bio

Hint 25

Cell differentiation made the cell specialize as a red blood cell.

Front 26

Tissue

Back 26

A group of cells with the same structure, function, etc.

Hint 26

The bone tissue required some calcium.

Front 27

Organ

Back 27

A part of a multicellular organism made of several tissues, serving a specific function in the organism.

Hint 27

The brain serves as the organ of the body that thinks.

Front 28

Organ System

Back 28

A system of multiple organs that work together closely.

Hint 28

The stomach and intestines serve different purposes, but work together in the organ system to digest food.

Front 29

Organism

Back 29

An individual living thing.

Hint 29

I am an organism, because I am a single living being.

Front 30

Cilia

Back 30

"Short, hairlike cell appendages specialized for locomotion" - BSCS Bio

Hint 30

Instead of having a flagellum, the cell had cilia for movement.