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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the most common tumors of the vulva?
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squamous cell carcinoma 90%
melanoma ~10% adenocarcinoma of bartholin gland rarity |
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what percentage of tumors of the female genital tract are vulvar carcinoma?
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4%, similar to proportion of ovarian cancer
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what is the incidence of vulvar carcinoma?
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2/100'000
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what are the two principal tumor entities of the vulva?
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HPV-positive vs HPV-negative
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what age are patients with HPV-positive vulvar carcinoma typically?
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<60 years
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what are HPV-negative vulvar carcinoma typically associated with?
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chronic skin disease specific on vulva, eg lichen sclerosus (vulva), lichen ruber planus (vulva/vagina)
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what is the spreading pattern of vulvar carcinoma?
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per continuitatem in vagina, bladder, rectum, anus, urethra
lymphogenous metastasis in inguinofemoral lymph nodes, later to pelvic lymph nodes |
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in what percentage is metastasis into inguinofemoral lymph nodes detected in vulvar carcinoma?
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30%
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what are risk factors found in medical history of vulvar carcinoma?
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HPV-associated neoplasia, ie cervix carcinoma, neoplasia of vulva/vagina
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what is the overall 5-year survival rate in vulvar carcinoma?
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70%
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in what time range do most relapses of vulvar carcinoma occur?
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first 2 years
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what is the primary therapeutic approach to vulvar carcinoma?
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surgical
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when is radiotherapy indicated in vulvar carcinoma?
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radiotherapy of inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes
if inguinal lymph nodes positive |
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what are therapies other than surgical intervention?
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combination of radiochemotherapy with cisplatin as radiosensitizer
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what is the role of isolated chemotherapy in vulvar carcinoma?
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insignificant
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what age is the peak incidence for vaginal carcinomas?
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60 to 70 years
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what are the most frequent of vaginal tumors?
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secondary neoplasms
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what is the most common secondary vaginal tumor?
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cervix carcinoma with spread per continuitatem
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what are common secondary vaginal tumors?
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cervix
vulva endometrium with typical paraurethral vaginal metastases |
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where are most of primary vaginal carcinomas situtated?
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upper third of vagina
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what is the overall 5-year survival rate of vaginal carcinoma?
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<50%
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what are the therapy principles for vaginal carcinoma?
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colpectomy +/- lymphadenectomy
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what is a regimen for primary radiotherapy of vaginal carcinoma?
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50-60 Gy in 5-6 weeks
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what is the lymph drainage of the vagina?
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upper two thirds to pelvic lymph nodes
lower third to bilateral inguinofemoral lymphnodes |
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what does VIN stand for?
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vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia of squamous cell origin
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what are VIN?
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precancerous condition
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what are non-epithelial forms of intraepithelial vulvar neoplasias?
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intraepithelial adenocarcinoma = Morbus Paget
melanoma in situ |
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what are the two major groups of VIN?
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HPV-associated
non-HPV-associated |
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what are characteristics of HPV-associated VIN?
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often multifocal and multicentric
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what are HPV-associated VIN associated with?
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squamous cell carcinoma or intraepithelial neoplasia of cervix or anus
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what percentage of VIN are HPV-associated
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>90%
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what disorders are disorders associated with development of non-HPV-associated VIN?
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lichen sclerosus
or chronic dermatitis of vulvar epithelium |
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what demographic group is affected by Morbus Paget of the vulva?
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peri- or postmenopausal women
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what is Morbus Paget associated with?
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other malignomas especially urogenital and rectal carcinomas in 10-15%
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what does VAIN stand for?
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vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
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what percentage of VAIN are HPV-associated?
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virtually all
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where are VAIN typically localised?
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lower or upper third of vagina
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