Gyn, Gestational Trophoblastic Disease, Benign

Front 1

what are the most common benign forms of gestational trophoblastic disease?

Back 1

hydatidiform mole, partial or complete

Front 2

what are rare benign forms of gestational trophoblastic disease?

Back 2

exaggerated placenta site

placental site nodule

Front 3

what are complete hydatidiform moles essentially?

Back 3

empty egg with no nucleus is fertilized by a sperm

Front 4

what are risk factors for hydatidiform mole?

Back 4

maternal age > 35 years or < 20 years

previous GTD

infertility, smoking

Front 5

what is the incidence for hydatidiform mole?`

Back 5

1 per 1500 life births

Front 6

what form of hydatidiform mole is more common?

Back 6

partial hydatitifrom mole twice as common

Front 7

what is the karyotype of a partial hydatidiform mole?

Back 7

46 XX

46 XY, rare

Front 8

of what origin is a partial hydatidiform mole?

Back 8

entirely paternal

Front 9

what are the formation patterns for a partial hydatidiform mole?

Back 9

monospermic
fertilization of empty egg haploid X bearing sperm and consecutive duplication

or

dispermic
fertilisation of empty egg with 2 sperms

or

biparental
diploid, biparental

Front 10

what inheritance pattern does biparental diploid complete hydatidifrom mole have?

Back 10

autosomal-recessive

Front 11

what are the formation patterns for partial hydatidiform mole?

Back 11

monospermic fertilisation of normal haploid egg with consecutive duplication of paternal chromosome set

dispermic fertilization of normal hapoid egg with two sperms

Front 12

what is the karyotype in partial hydatidiform mole?

Back 12

triploid, either 69XXX or 69XXY

Front 13

how are complete hydatidiform moles characterized morphologically?

Back 13

abscence of embryo, cord and amniotic membranes

excessive trophoblastic proliferation, hydropic degeneration of all villi

Front 14

what is the degree of atypias found in complete and partial hydatidiform moles?

Back 14

moderate to marked atypia in complete hydatidiform moles

fokal and slight atypia in partial hydatidiform mole

Front 15

what is the complication rate for complete and partial hydatidiform moles?

Back 15

up to 25% of complete hydatidiform moles

rare in partial hydatidiform moles

Front 16

what is the rate of malignant transformation in complete and partial hydatidiform moles?

Back 16

20% in complete hydatidiform moles

<5% in partial hydatidiform moles

Front 17

what are the clinical manifestations of hydatidiform moles?

Back 17

molar pregnancy in complete hydatidiform mole = Windei = Abortivei

missed abortion in partial hydatidiform mole

Front 18

what is the uterus size in relation to the duration of amenorrhoea?

Back 18

larger than expected for duration of amenorrhoea in complete hydatidiform mole

smaller than expected in partial hydatidiform mole

Front 19

what are the typical clinical manifestations of complete hydatidiform moles?

Back 19

vaginal bleeding

high levels of HCG causing

hyperemesis
and
hyperthyroidism

Front 20

what are ovarian complications of hydatidiform moles?

Back 20

theca-lutein cysts due to high level of HCG

Front 21

in what percentage is a HCG level >100'000 seen in hydatidiform moles?

Back 21

50% of complete hydatidiform moles

10% of partial hydatidiform moles

Front 22

what are the sonographic findings of partial hydatidiform moles?

Back 22

typical presentation of complex hyperechogenic intrauterine mass with hydropic villi seen as multiple small cysts

Front 23

what are the sonographic findings of complete hydatidiform moles?

Back 23

often uncharacteristic

Front 24

what is the principal nomenclature for complete hydatidifomr moles?

Back 24

androgenetic complete mole, either monospermic or dispemic

biparental complete mole

Front 25

how are partial hydatidiform moles characterized morphologically?

Back 25

presence of embryo, cord and amniotic membrane with vessels

Front 26

what are complications of theca-lutein cysts?

Back 26

torsion

Front 27

what are the therapy principles for hydatidiform moles?

Back 27

suction curettage with oxytocin stimulation to reduce blood loss and increase uterine contraction

Front 28

what is a complication of therapy of hydatidiform moles?

Back 28

syncytio-trophoblast pulmonary embolism, especially with isolated pharmacological therapy

or

DIC due to factors released by the molar tissue

Front 29

what is the follow-up for hydatidiform moles?

Back 29

serial beta-hCG levels

and

contraception during follow-up