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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
heterosporous
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separate male and female gametophyte
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Sporophyte dominant life sycle
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gametophytes are dependent upon the sporophyte for nutrition and cannot live on their own
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Dioecious
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two houses
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monecious
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one house
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microsporangium
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microspores that are produced by meiosis
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microsporangiate strobilus
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pollen cone
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Pollen grain
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microgametophyte
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Pollination
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when pollen grains are transported to the micropyle
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pollen tube
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grows from pollen grain to the ovary
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sperm
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released into the pollen tube from the pollen grain
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megasporangium
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ovules producing megaspores
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megasporangiate strobilus
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ovulate cone= seed cone
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ovule
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a megasporangium surrounded by an integument
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integument
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a continuous sheath around the ovule of nucellus
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functional megaspore
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of the four megaspores created by meiosis from one megasporocyte only one remains functional and the other thre abort
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megagametophyte
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female gametophyte
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archegonium
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the female gametophyte when it is ready to accept sperm
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egg
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haploid gamete within archegonium
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fertilization
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the actual fusion of sperm and egg
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zygote
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diploid form from fertilization
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embryo
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result of mitotic divisions of the zygote, immature sporophyte, surrounded by the female gametophyte tissue
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seed
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a ripened ovule containing a dormant embryo
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cotyledon
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young seed leaves
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polln receptive structure of gymnosperms
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pollination droplet is excreted through the micropyle to receive pollen grains, then pulls back into megasporangium
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which gymnosperms have swimming sperm cells
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cycadales and ginkgoaceae
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etymology of symnosperm
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naked seed
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seed storage tissue in a symnosperm
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tissue of the female gametophyte
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sister taxon of gymnosperms
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angiosperms
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Cycads
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cycadaceae and zamiaceae
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cycads dioecious or monoecious
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dioecious
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growth habit of cycads
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slow growing palmlike plants with erect trunks
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leaves of cycads
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pinnately compoun
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vernation of cycads
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pinnately compound
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microsporangiate of cycads
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massive strobili with many eusporangia on scales
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Megasporophylls of cycadaceae
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produced by terminal buds, no true strobili, fan shaped blades with ovules along margin of petiole
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megasporophylls of zamiaceae
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produced in stobili from lateral buds, reduced to scales each with two ovules
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retractile roots
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roots in zamiaceae that pull trunk down into soil
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Ginkgoaceae
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ginkgos
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Ginkgo mono or dioecious
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dioecious
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Ginkgo long and short shoots
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long shoots are produced from terminal bud and elongate stems, short shoots grow laterally
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Gingko the living fossil
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it is the only extant species of ginkgoaceae which was widespread during the mesozoic period
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microsporangiate strobilus of ginkgo
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stamen like in elongated strobili
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what pollinated ginkgo
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wind
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ovules in ginkgo
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produced in stalked pairs
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ginkgo seed
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fleshy plum like
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ginkgo problems as an ornamental
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ovules have ill scented pustules with butyric acid
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cone bract
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modified leaves that subtend ovuliferous cone scales
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ovuliferous cone scales
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modified lateral shoot systems
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members of conifers
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Pinaceae, cupressaceae
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Pineaceae mono or dioecious
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monoecious
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pinaceae leaves
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linear to acicular, spiral leaves
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first leaves in pinus
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primary leaves are membranous scales
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where are needle leaves produced in pinus
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needle leaves are produced on short shoots
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fascicle of needles in pinus
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a bundle of leaves
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microsporangiate of pinaceae
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a simple strobili with spirally attached scales around a central axis, two microsporangia per scale
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megasporangiate of pinaceae
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compound cones with cone bracts subtending cone scales, two ovules are produced on top of each scale
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pinaceae seed
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seeds have membranous wings
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Cupressaceae monoecious or dioecious
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can be either
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leaves of cupressaceae
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need, scale, or awl like, with one vein
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leaf arrangements in cupressaceae
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alternate, opposite, whorled
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microsporangiate of curpessaceae
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simple strobili spirally arranged or opposite scales attached to the central axis, several microsprangia per scale
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megasporangiate of cupressaceae
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compound cones with cone bracts fused to woody or fleshy cone scales, two to many ovules per cone scale, seed sometimes winged
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differences between pinaceae and cupressaceae cones
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bracts and scales are fused together in cupressaceae
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Justification for fusing curpessaceae and taxodiaceae
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created a monophyletic croup of cupressaceae from a paraphyletic group
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Cupressaceae sensu stricto
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when cupressaceae is split into two groups s.s. is smaller group within taxodiaceae
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Cupressaceae sensu lato
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when cupressaceae is split into two groups s.l. is the larger solitary taxon
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Taxonomic rank of gnetales
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order
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3 features of families with gentales
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Striate pollen, vessel elements with porose perferation plates
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families of gnetales
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ephedraceae, welwitschiaceae, gnetaceae
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are families of gnetales monoecious or dioecious
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dioecious
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stems of ephedra
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elongated internodes, green, photosynthetic, grooved
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leaves of ephedra
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dry, scale like, opposite or whorled
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microsporangiate strobilus of ephedra
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compound strobili with opposite or whorled membranous scales attached to a central axis, stalked clusters of anther like pollen sacs
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megasporangiate of ephedra
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flower like compound with membranous or fleshy scales attached to a central axis, 102 ovules enclised by a pair of fused scales
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where does ephedra occur
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desert areas
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