• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/218

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

218 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
ASPIRIN: what is the brand name?
ASA, Bayer, Ecotrin, St. Joseph
ASPIRIN: what is the drug class?
Platelet inhibitor, Anti-Inflammatory
ASPIRIN: what is the mechanism of action?
Prevents platelets from clumping together or aggregating & forming emboli
ASPIRIN: What the the indications?
New onset chest pain suggestive of acute myocardial infarction.
ASPIRIN: What are the contraindications?
Hypersensitivity
- Patients with active ulcer disease or asthma.
ASPIRIN: What are the adverse effects?
Bronchospasm, Anaphylaxis, wheezing in allergic patients, prolonged bleeding, epigastric distress, N/V, heart burn,
Rye syndrome
ASPIRIN: what are the drug interactions?
Use with caution in patients with NSAID allergies.
ASPIRIN: what is the dose & administration?
Adult: 160 mg - 325mg tablets PO

Pedi: Not recommended Chew-Preferred
ETOMIDATE: what is the brand name?
Amidate
ETOMIDATE what is the drug class?
Nonbarbiturate hypnotic, anesthesia induction agent
ETOMIDATE what is the mechanism of action?
Short-acting hypnotic that acts at the level of the reticular activating system
ETOMIDATE what are the indications?
Premedication for tracheal intubation or cardioversion
ETOMIDATE what are the contraindications?
Hypersensitivity
Labor / delivery
ETOMIDATE what are the adverse reactions/side effects?
Apnea of short duration, respiratory depression hypoventilation, hyperventilation, dysrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, involuntary muscle movement, pain at injection site
ETOMIDATE what are the drug interactions?
effects may be enhanced when given with other central nervous system depressants.
ETOMIDATE what is the dose and administrations?
Adult: 0.2–0.6 mg/kg IV over 30–60 seconds (typical adult dose is 20 mg). Pediatric: 0.2–0.4 mg/kg IV/IO over 30–60 seconds for rapid sequence intubation (older than 10 years), 1 time only. Maximum dose: 20 mg.
FENTANYL CITRATE: what is the brand name?
Sublimaze
FENTANYL CITRATE; what is the drug class?
Opioid analgesic, schedule II narcotic
FENTANYL CITRATE: what is the mechanism of action?
Binds to opiate receptors producing analgesia and euphoria.
FENTANYL CITRATE: what are the indications?
Pain management, anesthesia adjunct
FENTANYL CITRATE: What are the contraindications?
Known hypersensitivity. Use with caution in traumatic brain injury
FENTANYL CITRATE: what are the adverse reaction/side
effect?
Confusion, paradoxical excitation, delirium, drowsiness, CNS depression, sedation, respiratory depression, apnea, dyspnea, dysrhythmias, bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration and fatigue.
FENTANYL CITRATE: what are the drug interactions?
Increased respiratory effect when given with other CNS depressants.
FENTANYL CITRATE: what is the dose and administration?
Adult: 50 to 100 μg (1μg/kg) IM or IV, IO slow push (over 1–2 minutes) to maximum of 150 μg. Pediatric: 1–2 μg/kg IM, IV, or IO slow push (over 1–2 minutes). The safety and eficacy in children younger than 2 years has not been established.
ADENOSINE: WHAT IS THE BRAND NAME?
ADENOCARD
ADENOSINE: WHAT IS THE DRUG CLASS?
ANTIDOYSRHYTHMIC
ADENOSINE: what is the mechanism of action?
Slows conduction through the AV node; can interrupt
re-entrant pathways; slows heart rate by acting directly on the sinus pacemaker cells by slowing impulse formation. The drug of choice for re-entry SVT. can be used diagnostically for stable, wide-complete tachycardia of unknown origin after two doses of lidocaine.
ADENOSINE: What are the indications?
Conversion of PSVT to sinus rhythm. May convert re-entry SVT due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Not effective in converting atrial fibrillation/flutter or V-tach Most form of stable narrow-complex SVT
ADENOSINE; what are the contraindications?
Second or third degree AV block (if no pacemaker is present) sick sinus syndrome (if no pacemaker is present) Bronchoconstrictive or bronchospastic lung disease (asthma, COPD) poison or drug induced tachycardia.
ADENOSINE; what are the adverse reaction/side effects?
general short duration and mild headache, dizziness dyspnea, bronchospasm, dysrhythmias, palpitation,hypotension, chest pain, facial flushing, cardiac arrest, nausea, metallic taste pain in the head or neck, paresthesia, diaphoresis.
ADENOSINE; what are the drug interactions?
Methylxanthines (theophylline-like drugs) antagonizes the effects of adenosine. Dipyridamole (Persantine) potentiates the effect of adenosine. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) may potentiate the AV node blocking effect of adenosine.
ADENOSINE; what is the dose & adminstration?
Adult: 6-mg rapid IV bolus over 1–3 seconds, followed by a 20-mL saline flush and elevate extremity. If no response after 1–2 minutes, administer second dose of 12–mg rapid IV bolus over 1–3 seconds. Pediatric: Initial dose 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV/IO push (maximum first dose, 6 mg), followed by a 5- to 10-mL saline flush. Second dose 0.2 mg/kg rapid IV/IO push (maximum second dose, 12 mg), followed by a 5- to 10-mL saline flush.
ALBUTEROL What is the brand name?
Proventil, Ventolin
ALBUTEROL what is drug class?
Sympathomimetic, bronchodilataor
ALBUTEROL; what is the mechanism of action?
Selective beta-2 agonist that stimulate adrenergic receptors of the sympathomimetic nervous system. results in smooth -muscle relaxation in the bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature.
ALBUTEROL; what are the indications?
treatment of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease (COPD, asthma) Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm.
ALBUTEROL; what are the contraindication?
Known prior Hypersensistivity reactions to albuterol. tachycardia, dysrhythmias, especially those caused by digitalis. Synergistic with other sympathomimetics.
ALBUTEROL; what are the adverse reaction / side effects?
Often dose-related and include headache fatigue, lightheadedness, irritability, restlessness, aggressive behavior, pulmonary edema, hoarseness, nasal congestion, increased sputum hypertension, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, chest pain palpitations, nausea/vomiting dry mouth, epigastric pain and tremors.
ALBUTEROL; what are the drug interactions?
Tricyclic antidepressants may potentiate vasculature effects. Beta blockers are antagonistic and may block pulmonary effects. May potentiate hypokalemia caused by diuretics.
ALBUTEROL; what is the doses & administration?
Adult: Administer 2.5 mg. Dilute in 0.5 mL of 0.5% solution for inhalation with 2.5 mL normal saline in nebulizer and administer over 10–15 minutes. Metered- dose inhaler: 1–2 inhalations (90–180 μg); wait 5 minutes between inhalations. Pediatric: <20 kg: 1.25 mg/dose via hand- held nebulizer or mask over 20 minutes. >20 kg: 2.5 mg/dose via hand-held nebulizer or mask over 20 minutes. Repeat once in 20 minutes.
AMIODARONE; what is the brand name?
Cardarone, Pacerone
AMIODARONE; what is the mechanism of action?
blocks sodium channels and myocardial potassium channels, delaying depolarization and increasing the duration of action potential.
AMIODARONE; what are the indications?
ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, unstable ventricular tachycardia in patients refractory to other therapy.
AMIODARONE; what are the contraindications?
Known hypersensitivity to Amiodarone or iodine , cardiogenic shock, sinus bradycardia, second or third degree AV block ( if no pacemaker is present), severe sinus node dysfunction.
AMIODARONE; what are the adverse reactions / side effects?
Dizziness, fatigue, malaise, tremor, ataxia, lack of coordination, adult respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, cough, progressive dyspnea, congestive heart failure, bradycardia, hypotension, worsening of dysrhythmias, prolonged QT interval, nausea, vomiting, burning at IV site. Steven-Johnson Syndrome .
AMIODARONE; what are the drug interactions?
Use with digoxin may cause digitalis toxicity. Antidysthythmics may cause increased serum levels. Beta blocker and calcium channel blockers may potentiate bradycardia, sinus arrest, and AV heart blocks.
AMIODARONE; what is the dose & administration?
Adult: Ventricular fibrillation/ pulseless ventricular tachycardia unresponsive to CPR, defibril- lation, and vasopressors: 300 mg IV/IO push. Initial dose can be followed one time in 3–5 minutes at 150 mg IV/IO push. Recurrent life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias: Maxi- mum cumulative dose: 2.2 g IV/24 h administered as follows: Rapid infusion: 150 mg IV/IO over 10 minutes (15 mg/minute). May repeat rapid infusion (150 mg IV/IO) every 10 minutes as needed. Pediatric: Refractory ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia: 5 mg/kg IV/IO bolus. Can repeat the 5 mg/kg IV/IO bolus up to a total dose of 15 mg/kg per 24 h. Maximum single dose: 300 mg. Perfusing supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias: Loading dose 5 mg/kg IV/IO over 20–60 minutes (maximum single dose of 300 mg). Can repeat to maximum dose of 15 mg/kg/day (2.2 g in adolescents). Maxi- mum single dose: 300 mg.
AMIODARONE; what is the drug class?
Antidysthythmic
ATROPINE SULFATE: what is the drug class?
Anticholinergic agent
ATROPINE SULFATE: what is the mechanism of action?
Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites. Increased heart rate in life-threatening bradydysrthythmias.
ATROPINE SULFATE: what are the indications?
Hemodynamically unstable bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, nerve agent exposure, rapid sequence intubation in pediatrics, beta blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose.
ATROPINE SULFATE: what are the contraindications?
Tachycardia, hypersensitivity, unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage with myocardial ischemia narrow-angle glaucoma, hypothermic bradycardia.
ATROPINE SULFATE: what are the adverse reactions / side effects?
Drowsiness, confusion, headache, tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, pupil dilation, dry mouth/nose/skin, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, flushed, hot, dry skin; paradoxical bradycardia when pushed to slowly or when given at low doses.
ATROPINE SULFATE: what are the drug interactions?
Potential adverse effects when administered with digitalis, cholinergic physostigmine. Effects enhanced by antihistamines, procainamide, quinidine antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and antidepressants.
ATROPINE SULFATE: what is the dose & administration?
Adult: Unstable bradycardia: 0.5 mg IV/IO every 3–5 minutes as needed. Not to exceed total dose of 0.04 mg/kg (maximum 3 mg total). Use shorter dosing interval (3 minutes) and higher doses in severe clinical conditions. Organophosphate poisoning: Extremely large doses (2–4 mg or higher) may be needed. Pediatric: Unstable brady- cardia: 0.02 mg/kg IV/IO (minimum dose: 0.1 mg). May repeat once. Maximum single dose: Child: 0.5 mg. Adolescent: 1 mg. Maximum total dose: Child: 1 mg. Adolescent: 3 mg. ET dose: 0.04–0.06 mg/kg. Rapid sequence intubation: 0.01–0.02 mg/kg IV/IO (minimum: 0.1 mg, maximum: 0.5 mg).
CALCIUM CHLORIDE: what is the drug class?
Electrolyte (anion)
CALCIUM CHLORIDE: what is the mechanism of action?
increases cardiac contractile state (positive inotropic effect) May enhance ventricular automaticity.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE: what are the indications?
Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia, Hypermagnesemia, Beta blocker and calcium channel blocker toxicity.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE: what are the contraindications?
Hypercalcemia, ventricular fibrillation, digitalis toxicity.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE: what are the adverse reaction/ side effects?
Syncope, cardiac arrest, dysrhythmia, bradycardia, hypotension, asystole, peripheral vasodilation, nausea, vomiting, metallic taste, tissue necrosis at injection site, coronary and cerebral artery spasm.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE: what are the drug interactions?
May worsen dysrhythmias secondary to digitalis toxicity. May antagonize the effect of calcium channels blockers. Do not mix or infuse immediately before or after sodium bicarbonate without intervening flush.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE: what is the dose & administration?
Adult: Calcium channel blocker overdose and hyperkalemia: 500 mg to 1,000 mg (5–10 mL of 10% solution) IV push. May repeat as needed. Pediatric: Calcium channel blocker overdose and hyperkalemia: 20 mg/ kg (0.2 mL/kg) slow IV/IO push. Maximum 1-g dose; may repeat in 10 minutes.
DEXTROSE: what is the drug class?
carbohydrate, antihypoglycmic
DEXTROSE: what are the indications?
rapidly increases serum glucose levels. Short term osmotic diuresis.
DEXTROSE: what are the contraindications?
Intracranial hemorrhage.
DEXTROSE: what are the adverse reaction / side effects?
Extravasation leads to tissue necrosis. Cerebral hemorrhage , cerebral ischemia, pulmonary edema, warmth, pain, burning from IV infusion, hyperglycemia
DEXTROSE: what are the drug interactions?
Sodium bicarbonate, warfarin (couomadin)
DEXTROSE: what is the dose & administration?
Adult 12.5 grams of a 50% solution slow IV push. May be repeated as necessary.

Pedi: 1 year and older: 0.5-1 g/kg of a 25% solution slow IV/IO push. May be repeated as necessary

Neonates & infants: 200-500 mg/kg of a 10%-25% solution slow IV push. May be repeated as necessary. Maximum concentration of 12.5% (vasculature extremely sensitive to high concentrations)
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: what is the brand name?
Benadryl
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: what is the drug class?
Antihistamine, anticholinergic
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: what is the mechanism of action?
Blocks cellular histamine receptors; decreases vasodilation; decreases motion sickness. Reverses extrapyramidal reactions.
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: what are the indications?
Symptomatic relief of allergies, allergic reactions, and anaphylaxis. Blood administration reactions; used for motion sickness and hay fever, relieve of acute dystonic reactions caused by phenothiazines; may be useful in phenothiazine overdoses.
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: what are the contraindications?
Asthma, glaucoma, pregnancy, hypertension, narrow-angle glaucoma, infants, patients taking MAOIs
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: what are the adverse reactions/ side effects
Drowsiness sedation, seizures, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, paradoxical CNS, excitement in children, wheezing, thickening of bronchial secretions, palpitations, hypotension, dysrhythmias, dry mouth, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: what are the drug interactions?
Potentiates effects of alcohol and other anticholinergics. May inhibit corticosteroid activity. MAOIs prolong anticholinergic effects of diphenhydramine.
DIPHENHYDRAMINE: what is the dose & administration?
Adult: 25-50 mg IM, IV, PO

Pedi: 1-2 mg/kg IV, IO, slowly or IM.

If PO: 5 mg/kg/ 24h
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what is the brand name?
Intropin
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what is the drug class?
Sympathomimetic, vasopressor, inotropic agent
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what is the mechanism of action?
immediate metabolic precursor to norepinephrine. Produces positive inotropic and chronotropic effects. Dilates renal & splanchnic vasculature. Constricts systemic vasculature, increasing blood pressure and preload. Increases myocardial contractility and stroke volume.
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE: What are the indications?
cardiogenic and septic shock, hypotension with low cardiac output states, distributive shock, second line drug for symptomatic bradycardia.
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what are the contraindications?
Hypovolemic shock, pheochromocytoma, tachdyshythmias, ventricular fibrillation.
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what are the adverse reactions / side effects?
Extravasation may cause tissue necrosis. Headache, anxiety , dyspnea, dysrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension, palpitation chest pain, increased myocardial oxygen demand, PVCs nausea, and vomiting.
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what are the drug interactions?
Incompatible with alkaline solutions (sodium bicarbonate) MAOIs will enhance the effect of dopamine Brettylium may potentiate effect of dopamine. When administered with phenytoin may cause hypotension, bradycardia and seizures.
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what is the dose & administration?
Adult: IV/IO infusion at 2-20 ug/kg/min, slowly titrated to patient response

Pedi: IV/IO infusion at 2-20 ug/kg/min, slowly titrated to patients reponse
EPINEPHRINE: what is the brand name?
ADRENALIN
EPINEPHRINE: What is the drug class?
Sympathomimetic
EPINEPHRINE: what is the mechanism of action?
direct acting alpha and beta agonist.
ALPHA: Vasoconstriction
BETA 1: Positive inotropic, chronotropic and dromotropic effects
BETA 2: bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of skeletal vasculature Blocks histamine receptors.
EPINEPHRINE: what are the indications?
cardiac arrest (asystole, PEA, ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia) Symptomatic bradycardia as an alternative infusion to dopamine, severe hypotension secondary to bradycardia when atropine and transcutaneous pacing are unsuccessful, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis , asthma.
EPINEPHRINE: what are the contraindications?
Hypertension hypothermia, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, Hypovolemic shock
EPINEPHRINE: what are the adverse reaction / side effects?
Nervousness, restlessness, headache tremor, pulmonary edema, dysrhythmias chest pain, hypertension tachycardia, nausea and vomiting.
EPINEPHRINE: what are the drug interactions?
potentiates other sympathomimetics. Deactivated by alkaline solutions, MAOIs may potentiate effect. Beta blockers may blunt effects.
EPINEPHRINE: what are the dose
Adult: Mild allergic reactions and asthma: 0.3–0.5 mg (0.3–0.5 mL 1:1,000) SC. Anaphy- laxis: 1 mg (10 mL of 1:10,000) IV, IO over 5 minutes. Cardiac arrest: IV/IO dose: 1 mg (10 mL, 1:10,000 solution) 3–5 minutes during resuscitation. Follow each dose with a 20-mL flush and elevate arm for 10–20 seconds after dose. Continu- ous infusion: Add 1 mg (1 mL of a 1:1,000 solution) to 250 mL normal saline or D5W (4 μg/mL). Initial infusion rate of 1 μg/ min titrated to effect (typical dose: 2–10 μg/min). Endotra- cheal (ET) dose: 2–2.5 mg diluted in 10 mL normal saline. Profound bradycardia or hypotension: 2–10 μg/min; titrate to patient response. Higher dose: Higher doses (up to 0.2 mg/kg) may be used for specific indications: (beta blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose). Pediatric: Mild allergic reactions and asthma: 0.01 mg/kg (0.01 mL/kg) of a 1:1,000 solution SC
(maximum of 0.3 mL). Anaphylaxis/severe status asthmaticus: 0.01 mg/kg (0.01 mL/kg) IM of a 1:1,000 solution (maximum single dose: 0.3 mg). Cardiac arrest: IV/IO dose: 0.01 mg/kg (0.1 mL/kg) of a 1:10,000 solution every 3–5 minutes during arrest. All ET doses 0.1 mg/kg (0.1 mL/kg) of a 1:1,000 solu- tion mixed in 3–5 mL of saline until IV/IO access is achieved. Maximum single dose 1 mg. Symptomatic bradycardia: IV/IO dose: 0.01 mg/kg (0.01 mL/kg) of a 1:10,000 solution. All ET doses 0.1 mg/kg (0.1 mL/kg) of a 1:1,000 solution. Continu- ous IV/IO infusion: Begin with rapid infusion, and then titrate to response. Typical initial infusion: 0.1–1 μg/min. Higher doses may be effective.
EPINEPHRINE RACEMIC: what is the brand name?
Micronefrin
EPINEPHRINE RACEMIC: what is the drug class?
Sympathomimetic
EPINEPHRINE RACEMIC: what is the mechanism of actions?
Stimulates beta-2 receptors in lungs: bronchodilation with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. Reduces airway resistance. Useful in treating laryngeal edema; inhibits histamine release.
EPINEPHRINE RACEMIC: what are the indications?
Bronchial asthma, prevention of bronchospasm, croup, laryngotracheobrnochitis, laryngeal edema
EPINEPHRINE RACEMIC: what are the contraindications?
Hypertension, underlying cardiovascular diseases, epiglottitis
EPINEPHRINE RACEMIC: what is the adverse reaction/ side effects?
headache, anxiety fear, nervousness, respiratory weakness palpitations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, nausea and vomiting.
EPINEPHRINE RACEMIC: what are the drug interactions?
MAOIs and Bretylium may potentiate effect. Beta blockers may blunt effects.
EPINEPHRINE RACEMIC: what is the dose & administration?
Adult: MDI: 2–3 inhalations, repeated every 5 minutes PRN. Solution: dilute 5 mL (1%) in 5 mL saline, administer over 15 minutes. Pediatric: Solution: dilute 0.25 mL (0.1%) in 2.5 mL saline (if less than 20 kg); dilute 0.5 mL in 2.5 mL saline (if 20–40 kg); dilute 0.75 mL in 2.5 mL saline (if greater than 40 kg). Administer via hand-held nebulizer.
GLUCAGON: what is the brand name?
GlucaGen
GLUCAGON: what is the drug class?
Hyperglycemic agent, pancreatic hormone, insulin antagonist.
GLUCAGON: what is the mechanism of action?
Increases blood glucose level by stimulating glycogenesis. Unknown mechanism of stabilizing cardiac rhythm in beta blocker overdose. Minimal positive inotropic and chronotropic response. Decreases gastrointestinal motility and secretions.
GLUCAGON: what are the indications?
Altered level of consciousness when hypoglycemia is suspected. May be used as a reversal agent in beta blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses.
GLUCAGON: what are the contraindications?
Hyperglycemia, hypersensitivity
GLUCAGON: what are the drug interactions?
Incompatible in solution with most other substances. No significant drug interactions with other emergency medications.
GLUCAGON: what is the dose & administration?
Adult:Hypoglycemia:0.5–1mgIM; may repeat in 7–10 minutes. Calcium channel blocker or beta blocker overdose: 3–10 mg IV slowly over 3–5 minutes initially, followed by a 3–5 mg/h infusion as necessary. Pediatric: Hypo- glycemia: 0.03–0.1 mg/kg IM, IO, SQ, slow IV may repeat in 20 minutes. Maximum dose: 1 mg. Calcium channel blocker or beta blocker toxicity: 0.05–0.15 mg/kg IV/IO over 3–5 minutes initially, followed by a 0.05–0.10 mg/kg/h infusion as necessary.
IPRATROPIUM: What is the brand name?
Atrovent
IPRATROPIUM: What is the drug class?
Anticholiergic,"", bronchodilator.
IPRATROPIUM: what is the mechanism of action?
Inhibits interaction of acetylcholine at receptor sites of bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in decreased cyclic guanosine monophosphate & bronchodilation.
IPRATROPIUM : what are the indications?
Persistent bronchospasm, COPD exacerbation
IPRATROPIUM: what are the contraindications?
Hypersensitivity to ipratropium, atropine, alkaloids, peanuts
IPRATROPIUM; what are the adverse reactions /side effects?
Headache dizziness nervousness, fatigue, tremor, blurred vision, cough, dyspnea, worsening COPD symptoms, tachycardia, palpitation, flushing, MI, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting and GI distress.
IPRATROPIUM; what are the drug interactions?
none reported
IPRATROPIUM; what is the dose & administration?
ADULT; 250-500 ug/ via inhalation with hand held nebulizer every 20 minutes up to 3 times.

Pedi; Same as adult
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE What is the brand name?
XYLOCAINE
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE WHAT IS THE DRUG CLASS?
ANTIDYSHYTHMIC
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE: What is the mechanism of action?
Decreased automaticity by slowing the rate of spontaneous phase 4 depolarization
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what are the indications?
alternative to amiodarone in cardiac arrest from ventricular tachycardia,"", ventricular fibrillation, state side-complex tachycardia, (poly or monomorphic) with normal baseline QT interval, stable monomorphic VT with preserved ventricular function.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what is the contraindications?
Hypersensitivity, second or third degree AV block in the absence of an artificial pacemaker, Stokes Adams syndrome, prophylactic use in AMI, wide complex ventricular escape beats with bradycardia.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what are the adverse reactions/ side effects?
anxiety, drowsiness confusions seizures, slurred speech, respiratory arrest, hypotension, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, AV block, nausea, vomiting.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE: what are the drug interactions?
Apnea induced with succinylocholine may be prolonged with high doses of lidocaine. Cardia depression may occur in conjunction with IV phenytoin. Procainamide may exacerbate CNS effects. Metabolic clearance is decreased in patients with liver disease or in patients taking beta blockers.
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE what is the dose & administration
Adult: Cardiac arrest/pulse- less ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation: Initial dose: 1–1.5 mg/kg IV/IO. Repeat dose: 0.5–0.75 mg/kg IV/IO repeated in 5–10 minutes. Maximum total dose: 3 mg/kg. Stable ventricular tachycardia, wide complex tachycardia of unknown etiology, significant ectopy: Dose range 0.5–0.75 mg/kg and up to 1–1.5 mg/kg. Repeat 0.5–0.75 mg/kg every 5–10 minutes. Maximum total dose: 3 mg/kg. Endotracheal dose: 2–4 mg/kg. Maintenance infusion: 1–4 mg/min (30–50 μg/kg/min); can dilute in D5W or normal saline. Pediatric: IV/IO dose: 1 mg/kg rapid IV/IO push. Maximum dose 100 mg. Continuous IV/IO infusion: 20–50 μg/kg/min. Repeat bolus dose (1 mg/kg) when infusion is initiated if bolus has not been given within previ- ous 15 minutes. Endotracheal dose: 2–3 mg/kg. Rapid sequence intubation: 1–2 mg/kg IV/IO one time only.
LORAZEPAM: what is the brand name?
ATIVAN
LORAZEPAM: what is the drug class?
benzodiazepine, short/intermediate acting: sedative anticonvulsant schedule, IV drug.
LORAZEPAM: what is the mechanism of action?
anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and sedative effect; suppresses propagation seizure activity produced by foci in cortex, thalamus, and limbic areas.
LORAZEPAM: what are the indications?
initial control of status epilepticus or severe recurrent seizures, severe anxiety, sedation.
LORAZEPAM: what are the contraindications?
Acute narrow-angle glaucoma, coma, shock, suspected drug abuse.
LORAZEPAM: what is the adverse reaction/ side effects?
Dizziness, drowsiness, CNS depression, headache, sedation, respiratory depression, apnea, hypotension, bradycardia.
LORAZEPAM: what are the drug interactions?
May precipitate central nervous system depression if already taking central nervous system depressant medications.
LORAZEPAM: what is the dose & administration?
Note: When given IV/IO, must be diluted with equal volume of sterile water or sterile saline. When given IM, lorazepam is not diluted. Adult: 2–4 mg slow IM/IV at
2 mg/min; may be repeated in 15–20 minutes. Maximum dose of 8 mg. For sedation: 0.05 mg/kg up to 4 mg IM. Pediatric: 0.05– 0.20 mg/kg slow IV/IO/IM over 2 minutes. May be repeated once in 5–20 minutes. Maximum dose of 0.2 mg/kg.
MAGNESIUM SULFATE: What is the drug class?
electrolyte, anti-inflammatory
MAGNESIUM SULFATE: what is the mecahnism of action?
reduces sstriated muscle contraction and blocsk peripheral neuromuscular jnction. Manages sizures in toxemia of pregnancy. , Indduces uterine relaxtion. Can cause bronchodilatoin after Beta-agonists and anti cholinerics hav ebeen adminsterd.
MAGNESIUM SULFATE: what are the indications?
seizures of eclampsia (toxemia of pregnancy) torsade de pointes, hypomagtnemia, ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia that is refractory to amiodarone, life-threatening dysrhythmias due to digitalis toxicity.
MAGNESIUM SULFATE: what are the contraindications?
Heart block, myocardial damage
MAGNESIUM SULFATE: what are the adverse reactions /side effects?
Drowsiness, CNS depression, respiratory depression respiratory tract paralysis, abnormal ECG, AV block, hypotension, vasodilation, hyporeflexia.
MAGNESIUM SULFATE: what is the drug interactions?
may enhance effects of other central nervous system depressants. Serious changes in overall cardiac function may occur with cardiac glycosides.
MAGNESIUM SULFATE: what is the dose & administration?
Adult: Seizure activity associated with pregnancy: 1–4 g of a 10% solution IV/IO over 3 minutes; maximum dose of 30–40 g/day. Cardiac arrest due to hypomag- nesaemia or torsades de pointes: 1–2 g of a 10% solution IV/IO over 5–20 minutes. Torsades de pointes with a pulse: Loading dose of 1–2 g in 50–100 mL of D5W over 5–60 minutes IV. Fol- low with 0.5–1 g/h IV (titrate dose to control torsades). Pediatric: Pulseless ventricular tachycardias with torsades de pointes: 25–50 mg/kg IV/IO bolus of a 10% solution to a maximum dose of 2 grams. Torsades de pointes with pulses/hypomagnesaemia: 25–50 mg/kg IV/IO of a 10% solution over 10–20 minutes to maximum dose of 2 grams. Status asthmaticus: 25–50 mg/kg IV/IO of a 10% solution over 15–30 minutes to a maximum dose of 2 grams.
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE: what is the brand name?
Solu-Medrol
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE: what is the drug class?
Corticosteroid
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE: what is the mechanisms of action?
Highly potent synthetic glucorticoid that suppresses acute and chronic inflammation potentiates vascular smooth muscle relaxation by beta-adrenergic agonists.
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE: what are the indications?
acute spinal cord trauma, anaphylaxis, bronchodilator for unresponsive asthma.
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE: what are the contraindication?
Premature infants, systemic fungal infection, use with caution in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE: what are the adverse reaction/ side effects
depression, euphoria, headache, restlessness, seizure increased ICP, pulmonary tuberculosis hypertension, CHF, nausea, vomiting, peptic ulcer, fluid retention, hypernatremia, hyperkakemia
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE: what is the drug interactions?
hypoglycemic responses to insulin and hypoglycemits may be blunted.
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE: what is the dose & administration?
ADULT: 50-100 MG im sc 25-50 MG SLOWLY IV

PEDI 1-2 mg/kg/dose IV, IO, IM, SC
MIDAZIOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE what is the brand name?
VERSED
MIDAZIOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE What is the drug Class?
benzodiazepine, short/intermediate acting; schedule IV drug.
MIDAZIOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE: what is the mechanism of action?
reversibly interact with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the central nervous system causing sedative, anxiolytic, amnesic, and hypnotic effects.
MIDAZIOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE what are the indications?
Sedation for medical procedures (eg, intubation, ventilated patients, cardioversion)
MIDAZIOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE what are the contraindication
acute narrow-angle glaucoma, shock, coma,"", alcohol intoxication overdose, depressed vital signs. Concomitant use with barbiturates, alcohol, narcotics or other central nervous system depressants.
MIDAZIOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE what are the adverse reaction/ side effects?
headache somnolence, respiratory depression, respiratory arrest, apnea, hypotension, cardiac arrest, nausea, vomiting, pain at the injection site.
MIDAZIOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE what are the drug interactions?
Should not be used in patients who have taken central nervous system depressants,
MIDAZIOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE what is the dose & administration?
Adult: 2–2.5 mg slow IV (over
2–3 minutes). May be repeated to total maximum: 0.1 mg/
kg. Pediatric: 0.1–0.3 mg/kg IV/IO (maximum single dose:
10 mg).
MORPHINE SULFATE What is the brand name?
roxanol, MS Contin
MORPHINE SULFATE what is the mechanism of action?
Alleviates pain through CNS action.
Suppresses fear and anxiety centers in the brain. Depresses
brainstem respiratory centers. Increases peripheral venous
capacitance and decreases venous return. Decreases preload and
afterload, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand.
MORPHINE SULFATE what are the indications?
severe CHF, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, chest pain associated with acute myocardial infarction, analgesia for moderate to severe acute and chronic pain.
MORPHINE SULFATE what are the contraindications?
head injury, exacerbated COPD, depressed respiratory drive, hypotension, undiagnosed, abdominal pain, decreased level of consciousness, suspected hypovolemia, patients who have taken MAOIs within 14 days.
MORPHINE SULFATE what are the adverse reaction/ side effects?
confusion, sedation headache CNS depression respiratory depression, apnea, bronchospasm, dyspnea, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting and dry mouth.
MORPHINE SULFATE what are the drug indications?
Potentiates sedative effects of phenothiazines. CNS depressants may potentiate effects of morphine. MAOIs may cause paradoxical excitation.
MORPHINE SULFATE what is the dose & administration?
Adult: STEMI: Initial dose: 2–4 mg
slow IV (over 1–5 minutes). Repeat dose: 2–8 mg at 5–15 minute
intervals. NSTEMI/Unstable angina. 1–5 mg IV push if
symptoms not relieved by nitrates, use with caution. Pediatric:
0.1–0.2 mg/kg/dose IV, IO, IM, SC. Maximum dose: 5 mg.
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE what is the brand name?
NARCAN
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE what is the drug class?
OPIOID ANTAGONIST, ANTIDOTE
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE What is the mechanism of action?
Competitive inhibition at narcotic receptors sites. Reverses respiratory depression secondary to opiate drugs. Completely inhibits the effect of morphine.
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE what are the indications?
Opiate overdose, complete or partial reversal of
central nervous system and respiratory depression induced by
opioids, decreased level of consciousness, coma of unknown
origin. Narcotic agonist for the following: morphine sulfate,
heroin, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), methadone, meperidine
(Demerol), paregoric, fentanyl (Sublimaze), oxycodone (Percodan),
codeine, propoxyphene (Darvon). Narcotic agonist
and antagonist for the following: butorphanol (Stadol), pentazocine
(Talwin), nalbuphine (Nubain)
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE what are the contraindications?
use with caution in narcotic-dependent patients. Use with caution in neonates of narcotic-addicted mothers.
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE what are the adverse reaction/side effects?
Restlessness, seizures, dyspnea,
pulmonary edema, tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias,
cardiac arrest, nausea, vomiting, withdrawal symptoms in
opioid-addicted patients, diaphoresis.
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE what are the drug interactions?
incompatible with bisulfite and alkaline solutions.
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE what is the dose & administration?
Adult: 0.4–2 mg IM/IV/IO/SQ/
ET/Intranasal (diluted); minimum single dose recommended:
2 mg. Repeat at 5-minute intervals to a maximum total dose of
10 mg (medical control may request higher amounts). Pediatric:
0.1 mg/kg/dose IV/IO/IM/SQ every 2 minutes as needed. Maximum
total dose of 2 mg. If no response in 10 minutes, administer
an additional 0.1 mg/kg/dose.
NITROGLYCERIN What is the brand name?
NITROSTAT NITRO-BID, TRIDIL
NITROGLYCERIN What is the drug class?
Vasodilator
NITROGLYCERIN what is the mechanism of action?
Smooth muscle relaxant acting on vascular bronchial, uterine, intestinal smooth muscle. Dilation of arterioles and veins in the periphery. reduces preload and after load, decreasing workload of the heart and thereby myocardial oxygen demand.
NITROGLYCERIN: what are the indications?
acute angina pectoris, ischemic chest pain,hypertension CHF, pulmonary edema.
NITROGLYCERIN: what are the contraindications?
Hypotension, hypovolemia, intracranial
bleeding or head injury, pericardial tamponade, severe bradycardia
or tachycardia, RV infarction, previous administration in
the last 24 hours: tadalafi l (Cialis) (48 hours), vardenafi l (Levitra),
sildenafi l (Viagra).
NITROGLYCERIN; what are the adverse reaction / side effects?
headache, dizziness, weakness,m reflex tachycardia, syncope,hypotension,nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, muscle twitching and diaphoresis.
NITROGLYCERIN: what are the drug interactions?
additive effects with other vasodilators. Incompatible with other drugs IV.
NITROGLYCERIN: what is the dose & administration?
Adult: Tablet: 0.3–0.4 mg sublingually;
may repeat in 5 minutes to maximum of 3 doses. NTG
spray: 1–2 sprays for 0.5–1 second at 5-minute intervals to a
maximum of 3 sprays in 15 minutes. NTG IV infusion: Begin
at 10 μg/min; increase by 10 μg/min every 3–5 minutes until
desired effect. To a maximum of 200 μg/min. Pediatric:recommended. IV infusion: 0.25–0.5 μg/kg/min IV, IO titrated
by 1 μg/kg/min (max dose: 5 μg/kg/min)
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIZE: what is the brand name?
Zofran
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIZE: what is the drug class?
serotonin receptor antagonist: antiemetic
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIZE: what are the indications?
For the prevention and control of nausea or vomiting.
Used in hospital for patients undergoing chemotherapy or
surgical procedures.
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIZE: what are the contraindications?
known allergy to ondansetron or other 5-HT receptor antagonists.
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIZE: what are the adverse reactions/ side effects?
Headache, malaise, wheezing, bronchospasm, atrial fibrillation, abnormal, ECG, prolonged QT interval ST segment depression, second-degree AV block, constipation, diarrhea, hives, skin rash.
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIZE: what are the drug interactions?
no recommended if the patient is taking apomorphine mesoridazine, pimozide or thioridazine.
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIZE: what is the dose & administration?
Adult; 4 mg IV/IM may repeat in 10 minutes

Pedi: 0.1 mg/kg IV/IM
ORAL GLUCOSE; What is the brand name?
Insta-Glucose
ORAL GLUCOSE; what is the drug class?
Hyperglycemic, carbohydrate
ORAL GLUCOSE; what is the mechanism of action?
After absorption in the GI tract, glucose is distributed to the tissues providing an increase in circulating blood glucose levels.
ORAL GLUCOSE; what are the indications?
conscious patients with suspected hypoglycemia
ORAL GLUCOSE; what are the contraindications?
decreased level of consciousness, nausea and vomiting
ORAL GLUCOSE; what is the adverse reactions / side effects?
nausea and vomiting
ORAL GLUCOSE; what are the drug interactions?
none
ORAL GLUCOSE; what is the dose & administration?
Adult: 15-45 g PO in patients with an intact gag reflex and the ability to manage their own secretions.

Pedi: 5-45 g PO in patients with an intact gag reflex and the ability to manage their own secretions.
SODIUM BICARBONATE: what is the drug class?
Systemic hydrogen ion buffer, alkalizing agents.
SODIUM BICARBONATE: what is the mechanism of action?
Buffers metabolic acidosis and lactic acid buildup in the body caused by anaerobic metabolism secondary to severe hypoxia by reacting with hydrogen ions to form water and carbon dioxide.
SODIUM BICARBONATE: what are the indications?
Metabolic acidosis during cardiac arrest, tricyclic antidepressant, aspirin and phenobarbital overdose, hyperkalemia, crush injuries.
SODIUM BICARBONATE: what are the contraindications?
Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis, hypokalemia, electrolyte imbalance due to severe vomiting or diarrhea.
SODIUM BICARBONATE: what are the adverse reactions/ side effects?
Hypernatremia, metabolic
alkalosis, tissue sloughing, cellulitis, or necrosis at injection site.
Seizures, fl uid retention, hypokalemia, electrolyte imbalance,
tetany, sodium retention, peripheral edema
SODIUM BICARBONATE: what are the drug interactions?
Increases the effects of amphetamines.
Decreases the effects of benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants.
May deactivate sympathomimetics (dopamine, epinephrine,
norepinephrine)
SODIUM BICARBONATE: what is the dose & administration?
Adult: 1 mEq/kg slow IV, IO push. May repeat at 0.5 mEq/kg every 10 minutes.

Pedi: 1 mEq/kg slow IV, IO push (dilute in small children to 4.2%)
SODIUM BICARBONATE: what is the mechanism of action?
Repeat with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin, which reacts with cyanide and chemically binds with it to prevent toxic effect.
THIAMINE: what is the brand name?
Betaxin
THIAMINE: what is the drug class?
Vitamin B
THIAMINE: what is the mechanism of action?
Combines with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate coenzyme, which is a necessary component for carbohydrate metabolism. the brain is extremely sensitive to thiamine deficiency.
THIAMINE: what are the indications?
Coma of unknown origin, delirium tremens, beri-beri, Wernicke encephalopathy.
THIAMINE: what are the contraindications?
None
THIAMINE: what are the adverse reaction / aside effects?
Anxiety dyspnea respiratory failure, vasodilation hypotension, nausea, vomiting.
THIAMINE: what is the drug interactions?
Give thiamine before glucose under all circumstances.
THIAMINE: what is the dose & administration?
Adult; 100 mg slow IV or IM.


Pedi; 10-25 mg slow IV or IM.
5% DEXTROSE IN WATER: what is the drug class?
isotonic crystalloid solution
10% DEXTROSE IN WATER: what is the brand-name?
(D 10 W)
10% DEXTROSE IN WATER: what is the drug class?
hypertonic dextrose-containing solution
10% DEXTROSE IN WATER: what is the mechanism of action?
D 10 W provides nutrients in the form of
dextrose as well as free water.
10% DEXTROSE IN WATER: what are the indications?
neonatal resusciation, hypoglycemia
10% DEXTROSE IN WATER: what are the contraindications?
D 10 W should not be used as a fl uid replacement
for hypovolemic states.
10% DEXTROSE IN WATER: what are the adverse reaction/ side effects?
Rare in therapeutic dosages
10% DEXTROSE IN WATER: what are the drug interactions?
should not be used with phenytoin ( dilantin) or amrinone ( inocor)
10% DEXTROSE IN WATER: what is the dose & administration?
The administration rate of D 10 W
will usually be dependent on the patient’s condition.
10% DEXTROSE IN WATER: how it is supplied
D 10 W is supplied in bags of 50, 100, 150, 250,
500, and 1,000 mL.