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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 osmotic diuretics
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urea
mannitol sucrose they're not easily reabsorbed |
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Where do osmotic diuretics work in the nephron?
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proximal
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Where do loop diuretics work in the nephron?
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thick ascending loop
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Where do thiazide diuretics work in the nephron?
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early distal
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Where do aldosterone antagonists diuretics work in the nephron?
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collecting tubules
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Where do Na+ channel blocker diuretics work in the nephron?
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collecting tubules
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Thiazides block what cotransport in the early distal tubules
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Na-Cl
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Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diruretics work in the nephron?
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proximal tubule
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2 aldosterone antagonist diuretics
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spironolactone
eplerenone |
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2 Na blocker diiuretics
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trianterene
amiloride |
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the leading causes of end stage renal disease
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DM
HTN |
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the most important risk factor in for DM and HTN
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obesity
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in what condition might only one kidney be affected more than the other?
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atherosclerosis
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What's Goldblatt HTN
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hypoperfusion --> RAAS --> HTN
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The most common form of kidney disease
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benign nephrosclerosis
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Streptococcal infections account for
a) acute glomerulonephritis b) chronic glomerulonephritis |
a) acute glomerulonephritis
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interstitial neprhitis caused by bacterial infection (usually) is called what?
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pyelonephritis
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pyelonephritis is caused usually by what bacteria
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E.Coli
more commonly via ureters rather than blood supply |
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What's it called when you push to urinate and the urine goes up the ureter as well as out the urethra?
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vesicoureteral reflux
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Urea and creatinine accumulate in the blood
a) only after about 25% of nephrons are gone b) proportional to amount of nephron destruction |
b) proportional to amount of nephron destruction
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In some lucky pts, Water and electrolyte excretion is impaired after
a) about 25% of nephrons are gone b) about 50% of nephrons are gone c) about 75% of nephrons are gone d) as soon as nephrons are destroyed |
c) about 75% of nephrons are gone
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inability of the kidney to concentrate or dilute the urine
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isothenuria
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in chronic renal failure, which is more impaired?
a) concentrating mechanism b) diluting mechanism |
a) concentrating mechanism
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dialysis pts develop HTN. How do you treat it?
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reduce Na+ intake
remove Na+ and water with dialysis remove ischemic kidneys |
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How does chronic renal failure cause osteomalacia?
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1) lack of active vit D
2) PO4--- sucks up Ca++ causing PTH release |
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3 aminoacidurias
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(1) essential cystinuria, forms stones;
(2) simple glycinuria, (3) beta-aminoisobutyricaciduria, |
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lacking what in the blood over a long period of time will cause rickets?
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phosphate
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what's it called if the renal tubules can't secrete enough H+ to keep bicarb from being excreted?
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renal tubular acidosis
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an artificial kidney is quite effective. However, it cannot do what very important kidney function?
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secrete erythropoietin
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