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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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is salmonella normal flora in humans
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no
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what does salmonella typhimurium and enteritidis cause
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gastroenteritis
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what causes typoid fever
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s. typhi
s. paratyphi |
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what does s. cholerastis cause
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septicemia
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how is salmonella transmitted
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ingestional of food contaminated by animal feces
eggs |
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what is the incubation otime for salmonella
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12-36 hours
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what are the symptoms of gastroenteritis
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nausea, vomiting, FEVER, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
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what cell types does salmonella prefer
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invades and replicates in epithelial cells
replicates in macrophages as the prefered host. no spread into blood typically |
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what is a related disease that comes after gasteroenteritis
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reiters syndrome-autoimmune
cant see, cant pee, cant bend the knee inflamed conjunctiva, urethritis, arthritis of large joints |
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what is treatment for salmonella gastroenteritis
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none in mild
ciprofloxacin in severe cases |
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what is the major virulence factor in serotyping for S. typhi
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k antigent -Vi
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what is the typical transmission for typhoid fever?
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person to person transmission via fecal oral route
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what is a factor that increases susceptibilty to typhoid fever?
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hemolytic anemias
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what is the moa of typoid fever
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infection begins in intestines with no diarrhea, replicates in macrophages then invades into the blood stream and colonizes spleen and bone marrow
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what are the symptoms of typhoid fever
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sustained bacteremia with high fever
dissemination to kidney gall bladder peyers patches skin, rose spots on abdomen eventually sepsis in severe cases |
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how is typhoid fever diagnosed
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culture from stool
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how is typhoid fever treated
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ciprofloxin
two vaccines |
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what are vibrio, camplylobacter, helicobacter classified as
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enteric gram negative bacilli
bacilli-curved or spiral shaped |
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what does vibro cause
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cholera
caused by Vibrio cholerae |
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what serotype causes cholera
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Oantigen - O1 or O139
non O1 is associated with mild diarrhea |
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what is the moa of V. cholerae exotoxins
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affects adenylate cyclase to permanently turn on this increases cAMP which leads to constant fluid secretion in the intestinal epithelial cells.
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what is the target area for cholera
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the small intestine
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What are the symptoms of cholera
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massive diarhea and fluid loss
NO FEVER bc NO INVASION |
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what is transmission of campylobacter
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fecal oral often on beef chicken and pork
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what is the incubation period of campylobacter
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3-5 days
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what is the symptoms of campylobacteria
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diarrhea,
persistant high fever colonized small intestine |
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what are two associated conditions that are brought on by camplyobacter infection
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rieters syndrome-cant see, pee, bend knee
guillain barre syndrome-flacid paralysis |
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how is camplyobacter diagnosed
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difficult to diagnose
isolate on special media difficult to culture |
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how is camplyobacter treated
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fluoroquinolones or erythromycin in severe cases
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How is campylobacter prevented
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proper hygine during food prep
NO VACCINES |
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what are the two enteric gram neg rods
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shagella
e-coli |
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what are the TSI results for psudomonas aeruginosa?
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glu-neg
lac-neg gas-neg H2S-neg |
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what are the TSI results for shigella sonnei
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glu - pos
lac-neg gas-neg H2S- neg |
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what are the TSI results for salmonella typhi
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glu-pos
lac-neg gas-neg H2S-pos |
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what are the TSI results for E coli
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glu-pos
lac-pos gas-pos H2S- neg |
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what are the TSI results for Proteus mirabiis
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Glu-pos
lac-pos gas-neg H2S-pos |
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what is O antigen
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carbohydrate LPS repeat surface of bacteria
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what is the H- antigen
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flagella
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what is the K antigen
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capsule
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what are the O, H , K antigens used for
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serotyping to find out what species of bacteria is there
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where does E coli come from
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normal flora of the intestina
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What are the two types of ways ecoli causes disease
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normal flora that escapes from teh intestinal tract and colonize other body sites
exogenous strain that pick up new virulence factors and can infect the intestines |
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what do E coli use pili for
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adherence to mucosal surfaces
in disease E. coli picks up new types of pili that allow them to adhere in places they normally would and in amounts that they normal wouldnt be able to achieve which causes the disease. |
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what are some virulence factors for e.coli
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enterotoxins
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Heat labile toxin is what
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a cholera like toxin that activates adenylate cyclase which leads to fluid secretion only it is made by a disease causeing strain of E. Coli
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what is heat stable toxin
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stimulates guanylate cycles to lead to fluid secretion/diarrhea. in ecoli
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what is shiga like toxin
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found in e. coli enterohemorrhagic colitis
leads to bloody diarrhea bc it actually kills cells identical to shiga toxins associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome can cause renal endothelias cell death does it by inhibiting protien synthesis found in EHEC strains of E. coli |
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how are e. coli classified
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by their virulence factors and pathology
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what is EHEC e. coli
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enterohemorrhagic
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what is ETEC e. coli
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enterotoxigenic
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what is EPEC e. coli
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enteropathogenic
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what is EIEC e. coli
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enteroinvasisve
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what is EAggEC e. coli
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enteroaggregative
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which type of ecoli is spread animal to human
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EHEC
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What additional virulence factor other than the toxi do EHEC and ETEC have
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new fimbre that allow adherence in the intestinal tracts
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what is EHEC associated with
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bloody diarrhea and kidney failure
HUS |
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what serotype is most common with EHEC
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O157:H7
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what is the implications of O104:H4
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aquired additional fimbre
double shiga toxin production |
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what is the incubation period of E. Coli
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1-10 typically 2-5
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symptoms of EHEc
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watery diarrhea first
then leads to bloody diarrhea no invasion no fever no pus eventually kidney failure and HUS |
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sorbital pos is diagnositic of what
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EHEC e. coli
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What is the treatment of EHEC
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NO ANTIBIOTICS
MAKE HUS WORSE dialysis as needed ShigamAB mAB that inactivates shiga toxins no vaccines |
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where is shigella foudn
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not normal flora
only found in humans with disease |
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what antigens does shigella have
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O antigen
no H no K invasive plasmid Ag |
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what are the two types of shigella
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S. dysenteriae- most severe
S. sonnei, S. flexneri, and S. boydii most common in U.S. leads to shigellosis |
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what is the symptoms of shigellosis
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1-3 incubation
watery diarrhea usually fever colonization of colon and replication in epilthelial cells |
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what are teh symptoms of dysentery
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bloody diarrhea
painful straining to pass stools FEVER ulceration of intestinal mucosa |
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what is diagnosis of shigella
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stool culture
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treatment
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ciprofloxin
timethroprim-sulfamethoxazole dialysis hand washing no vaccine |
